All moisture percentages are expressed on the basis of the oven-dry weight of the fruits. The germination percentages of the seeds dried at higher temperatures were compared to the seeds dried at lower temperatures to get evidence of heat damage during drying. The data was also used in two simple regression models in our attempt to confirm the relationship between fruit moisture and safe drying temperatures derived by inspection of the germination data.
For a given drying temperature, the degree of heat injury, as measured by percent germination, was generally inversely related to fruit moisture (Table 1). Published with permission of the Director of the Colorado State University Experiment Station as Scientific Series Paper no.
The Effect of Aldicarb On Growth of Sugarbeets
Root and top weight of sugar beets associated with 3 amounts of aldicarb and 3 amounts of water. The effect of aldicarb and water on leaf length, leaf weight and root weight of sugar beet, as determined by correlation1 of data from the 1974-75 test. Effects of aldicarb and some other nematocides on sugar beet growth in soil affected by Heterodera schachtii.
Sticky Stake Traps For Monitoring Fly Populations of the Sugarbeet Root Maggot
Also in 1974 and 1975, plots were maintained in a series of research fields where mid-season worm populations were determined in untreated control plots by screening the soil cores containing each beet. Data in 1974 and 1975 were obtained in cooperation with the research staff of T h e Amalgamated Sugar Company and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company. In 1968, when stakes were placed from ground level to 7 ft., stakes with 1 ft. bottoms were
The relationships between stick fly catches and maggot counts in 1974 and 1975 are given in Table 5. Correlations were highly significant except for the series of 8 survey fields in eastern Idaho in 1974.
Soil Nitrate and the Response of Sugarbeets To Fertilizer Nitrogen
Therefore, if for a given field the root yield can be estimated for unfertilized beets and for beets that have been fertilized to produce maximum sugar, the difference in root yield multiplied by 16 lb N/ton gives an estimate of the fertilizer N required, i.e. yield on unfertilized plots of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil, determined early in the growing season for 15 locations. The expected root yield without fertilization (Yo) can be estimated from the equation Yo Ns, where Ns = NO3-N/acre 3 feet of soil early in the growing season.
T he amount of fertilizer N required per ton increase in root yield averaged approximately 16 lb N per ton. Fertilizer nitrogen (Nf) for maximum sugar production can be estimated by Nf = (Ye-Yo) Nfr; where Ye = expected root yield based on field history, Yo = root yield expected without N fertilizer based on soil nitrate, and Nfr = fertilizer N required/unit of root yield increase from Yo to Ye. Prediction of Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements for Sugar Beet From Residual Nitrate and Mineralizable Nitrogen.
Competition of Annual Weeds and Sugarbeets 1
- ate emerging weeds did not greatly influence the yield of sugar- beets w h e n t h e s u g a r b e e t s w e r e k e p t w e e d - f r e e for 6 weeks
Effect of Crown Material on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet Roots
No samples were taken from these six plots because the factory was not receiving beets at the time of the survey. Two samples of sugar beet roots were taken from grower trucks at each of the six piling stations in the valley. Sugar beet roots harvested from the row scalped by the grower contained less sucrose than sugar beets harvested from the row with intact leaves used for whisking.
T h e lower sucrose p e r c e n t a g e of the cultivator scalped row m a y have resulted from water u p t a k e from the roots after scalping. Our results show that factories are processing at least 15.5% of all crown material produced, which accounts for 20.5% of the total tonnage processed. Assuming a yield of 13.5 T/A, the grower could expect an additional 0.7 T/A from the crown material if he were to thresh rather than grind his beet.
Sucrose, nitrate, conductivity, and percent crown of sugar beet roots selected from grower trucks at select stacks and/or plant locations in the Red River Valley.
A Revised Method for Determining Phosphate-Phosphorus Levels in
Sugar Beet Leaf Petioles 1
Phosphate phosphorus content of sugar beet leaves as determined by method 1 (Johnson and Ulrich) and 2 (suggested). T h e saving can enable one individual to analyze almost twice as many samples in one day as was possible using m e t h o d 1. Phosphate phosphorus content of sugar beet leaves as determined by method 1 (Johnson and Ulrich) and 2 (suggested).
This savings can enable an individual to analyze nearly twice as many samples in one day as was possible using Method 1. Ascorbic Acid as a Reductant for the Determination of Inorganic Phosphorus in the Chang and Jackson Fractionation Procedure. Test of the ascorbic acid method for the determination of P in water and sodium bicarbonate extracts from soil.
Effects of Weather Variables on the Yields of Sugar Beets Grown in an
Irrigated Rotation for Fifty Years
The relationship between yield and various climatic variables was investigated to determine which variables were the most limiting to yield in this region. Based on preliminary analyses, it was decided to base forecasts on a regression line projection and to assign probabilities to a range of returns. The relationship between yield and various climatic variables was examined to determine which variables were the most limiting to yield in this region.
However, none of the cycles explained enough variance to be useful for prediction. Based on preliminary analyses, it was decided that forecasts would be based on the projection of a regression line and that probabilities would be assigned to a series of returns. Fertility balance in a ten-year rotation of sugar beet after forty-two years of cultivation.
Complex assessment of heat and moisture sufficiency of the vegetative period of sugar beet. The effect of meteorological conditions on the level and stability of crop yields [German, English summary]. Sugar beet yield in relation to weather and growing season length.
Tests with Fungicides to Control Rhizoctonia Crown Rot of Sugarbeet 1 2
The tests were located at the Botany F a rm at the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing. The spray was directed into the crowns and at the base of the plants as the operator walked along the row. Disease incidence, expressed as the number of plants with crown rot symptoms divided by the number of inoculated plants, was born at harvest.
When a spray containing foam is directed at the lower leaves of a sugar beet plant, the resulting foam deposit slowly slides down the blades and petioles and collects at the base of the plant, where crown rot infection is likely to occur frequently. A nozzle placed directly above each of the vapor surfaces directed the spray downward over a width of 20 cm. The results of our tests confirm previous findings on the ability of topical applications of benomyl, chlorothalonil, carboxin, fentin chloride and P C N B to reduce chronic rot.
4Entries in the same year followed by the same letterT do not differ significantly at the 5% level. The results of the tests were variable and inconsistent, as treatments that significantly reduced crown rot in some studies did not do so in others. Instead, the inconsistent results indicate a need for more effective ways to apply chemicals that have the potential to control crown rot.
In addition to foaming agent, there are other materials to be considered as aids when applying crown rot control sprays, including drift r e t a r d a n t s and sticker spreaders. In a series of experiments in field plots that were artificially infected with Rhizoctonia solani, fungicides were sprayed at different rates into the crowns and the base of the plants. Inconsistent and variable control with most treatments indicates a need for improved application methods.
Effect of Fungus Infection on Respiration and Reducing Sugar Accumulation
The evaluation of the effectiveness of the fungicide was based on the visual observation of the growth of the fungus and the measurement of the respiration rate of the roots. The results relating the amount of reducing sugars, along with the percentage of infected root area, are presented in the figure. When 15% of the root surface was infected, there was a threefold increase in reducing sugars compared to uninfected roots. .
In severely infected roots, the sugar content is greatly increased in the tissue several centimeters away from the site of infection, as shown in Table 1. Facilitating visual observation of fungal growth (Fig. 4) and measurement of the root respiration rate, complete control of the infection was obtained by spraying either fungicide at a concentration of 500 ppm. Fungal growth on roots treated with concentrations as low as 100 ppm was greatly reduced compared to untreated roots.
It was also noted that inoculation was necessary to obtain high levels of infection when using washed roots, but was not necessary when using unwashed roots. The results of these experiments indicate that the respiration rate of stored sugar beet roots will double within a period of one month if approximately 20 % of their surface area is infected by fungi.
Sugarbeet Yield and Theoretical Photosynthesis in the Northern Great Plains 1
J. DOERING 2
T he 1968 growing season is an example of the adverse weather extremes that can and do occur. Final dry matter yields for the three earliest planting dates in 1968 were within ± 6 % of the mean, but the yield for the latest planting (28 May) was only 64% of that mean and the data for that latest 1968 planting were excluded. If the onset of elongation was primarily a function of endogenous characteristics of the sugar beet plant, the root yield curves in Figure 3B would cluster.
The impact of the hail storm is particularly evident in the root yield curves for April 18, the earliest planting (Fig. 3). As previously noted, the root yield for the May 28 planting was consistently less; so early planting is important when considering the limited length of the growing season. Average dry matter (tons/acre) Average root area (tons/acre) Average sucrose (cwt/acre) Theoretical P (tons DM/acre)4.
Use only that portion of the growing season after the first ton/acre of roots has been produced. At Carrington the situation was even less desirable as the first ton/acre of roots were not produced until late July, approximately four to five weeks after the peak of the irradiation cycle. Because of these moving weather systems, the average cloud cover for different locations in the northern Great Plains will be approximately the same during a growing season; and the weighted average level of cloud cover from year to year becomes a function of the intensity and frequency of occurrence of those weather systems from year to year.
Photosynthetic efficiency for the root storage portion of the growth cycle at Carrington, Huntley,1 and Fort Collins.2. Correspondingly, from 69 to 74 days were needed to produce the first ton/acre of dry matter. Consequently, the root storage portion of the growth cycle occurs after the maximum in the annual radiation cycle.
