National Asset Centre of Excellence (NACoE) Research Program
bringing smart solutions to Queensland
“Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-
modal basis (on-road)”
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• Australian Road Research Board’s future
• Queensland National Asset Centre of Excellence Research Program
• “Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis (on-road)”
• Collaboration
Presentation Outline
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• Tracey McNeil – Acting Agreement Manager, Australian Road Research Board
• Dr Clarissa Han – Principal Research Scientist with ARRB’s Network Operations Team.
Introduction
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• ARRB is embarking on a new future
“Creating knowledge for tomorrow’s transport challenges and solutions for today”
“Australian Road Research Board, driving innovation to deliver an adaptable connected future”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGRgQnXu0B0
Australian Road Research Board
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• Outcomes through planned action:
– Technology
Harnessing the value of transformative technology
– Infrastructure
Adaptive and affordable infrastructure for future generations
– Collaboration and People
Building multi disciplinary teams with highly evolved skills
– Resilience and Security
Derive a new understanding of the future transport challenges in a changing world
Australian Road Research Board
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Vision: NACOE will be nationally recognised for delivering engineering
excellence through leading road asset research that welcomes innovation and private sector participation and drives road management practice efficiency and fit-for-purpose engineering solutions.
WHAT IS NACoE?
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• TMR has guaranteed 5 years of funding through a 4 year rolling program
• Approx. $4 million per year
• Primary disciplines:
– Pavements – Assets
– Bridges and Structures
– Network Operations, Road Safety and Heavy Vehicles & Freight
What began as looking for quick wins has now matured into putting the research into practice.
WHAT IS NACoE?
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• Economic and financial benefits. BCR > 10 (over $200m worth of savings delivered to date)
• Capability growth:
– 8 under graduate students mentored – 2 PhD’s delivered
– webinars delivered on new pavement technology
– multiple conference presentations, research papers and reports published – working shoulder to shoulder with industry consultants and contractors
• Strong governance and best prioritisation of research funding
What is NACoE?
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• NACoE Project – “Cost of Congestion of a Multi-Modal Basis”
• Findings were presented at the ITS World Congress in Melbourne – October 2016
• Lead Authors Dr Clarissa Han (ARRB) and Kath Johnston (TMR) were selected as the winners of the Distinguished Scientific Papers – Asia Pacific Award
Award Winning NACoE Research
“Measuring the cost of congestion on
a multi-modal basis (on-road)”
Background and acknowledgement
The contents of the paper was developed based on the research work from the National Asset Centre of Excellence Research Program – Project No R 22.
Lead Authors: Dr Clarissa Han (Australian Road Research Board) Kath Johnston (Department Transport & Main Roads)
Co Authors: Michael Byrne & James Luk (ARRB Group) Frans Dekker (TMR)
Other Contributors: Steven Crosser & Andrew Copland
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
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Literature Review
Excessive congestion delay -
• There is no rational reason to achieve zero congestion.
• Congestion delay cost will be overestimated if the free-flow speed or posted speed is used as a reference.
• Economic analysis for costing congestion has always supported an optimal level of traffic flow, congestion toll and speed (or travel time).
• The optimal speed is related to the freeway flow breakdown situation. It seems rational to identify the speed before flow breakdown as a possible reference speed
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
13Reference Speeds
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Review of Travel Time Reliability
• dispersion measure of travel time by using the standard deviation (SD), variance or variability
• reliability ratio (RR): relates COR to the cost of travel time delay (COT), the RRs could be estimated by using SD, SD per unit distance, other variability index etc.
• buffer index: the percentage share of additional travel time that a traveller allocates on average in order to still be on time in 95% of the cases: 95 percentile - Mean/median
• planning time index: the ratio of 95 percentile travel time and free flow speed or posted speed travel time.
• punctuality: deviations from the published time table (only relevant to public transport)
• robustness: what happens in the case of calamities or extreme events
• schedule delay: the scheduling consequences of reliability are expressed as the expectation of the number of minutes one arrives or departs earlier or later than one’s preferred arrival or departure time.
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
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Proposed Methodology
• Total congestion cost = excessive travel time delay cost + travel time reliability cost.
• The excessive travel delay is estimated by comparing prevailing travel times (or
speeds) with reference travel times (or reference speeds). Passenger waiting times at a bus stop are also considered in the bus delay cost framework.
• Travel time reliability/Buffer time is the additional time commuters allow for their journey to arrive on time and is estimated as the difference between the 95th percentile and 50th percentile travel times
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
16Travel time
Time of Day tx
Free flow speed travel time
Reference speed travel time Measured travel time
Excessive delay Buffer time (monthly)
Monthly buffer time for each time slice
At each time slice , the monthly distribution of measured route travel time is used for buffer time calculation (Buffer time = 95% - 50% travel time )
TTfx TTrx TTmx BTx
Aggregation of excessive delay and reliability cost
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
Case Study on bus congestion cost estimation
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
18Weekdays Weekends
Total Travel Delay Cost $372,538.85 $62,621.97
Total Passenger Waiting Time Cost $316,314.57 $40,874.58
Total Buffer Time Cost $191,405.98 $23,498.84
Total Cost $880,259.40 $126,995.39
Average Travel Delay Cost per Day $18,626.94 $6,958.00
Average Passenger Waiting Time Cost per Day $15,815.73 $4,541.62
Average Buffer Time Cost per Day $9,570.30 $2,610.98
Average Cost per Day $44,012.97 $14,110.60
Analysis Results from Gympie Road Case Study
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
19Analysis Results from Gympie Road Case Study
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
20Analysis Results from Gympie Road Case Study
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
Analysis Results from Gympie Road Case Study
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
22Case Study on freeway congestion cost (Bruce Highway)
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Conclusions
• The Gympie Road case study successfully tested the bus congestion cost.
• Average total congestion cost per weekday was found to be $44,013, while the cost was $14,111 for weekends.
• In weekdays, travel delay cost was the largest contributor to total congestion cost that occupies 42%, followed by passenger waiting time cost (36%) and travel time reliability cost (22%). In weekends, a similar pattern was identified with the
percentages changed to 49%, 32% and 19% respectively.
• Within a typical weekday displayed two distinct peaks between 7-9 pm and 3-6 pm.
The congestion costs profile during a typical weekend day showed much less distinguished peaks.
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
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• Although the average daily Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) increased by 5%, the cost of congestion was reduced significantly. The average cost of congestion on a weekday reduced by 23%. A bulk of these cost savings originates from less
excessive delay cost, (39% reduction).
• For a typical weekday, the congestion cost reduction mainly came from the morning peak when ramp metering is operating. Again the most significant cost saving
originates from excessive delay cost.
• When normalising by VKT, reductions of total congestion, excessive delay and reliability costs per 1000 VKT were reduced more significantly.
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
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• Dr Clarissa Han – Australian Road Research Board [email protected]
OR
• Kath Johnston - Department of Transport & Main Roads, Queensland [email protected]
Measuring the cost of congestion on a multi-modal basis
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• Value in partnerships
• Innovation by yourself does not achieve change
• Innovation is pointless if it cannot be implemented
Collaboration
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Are you prepared to work with us?
www.nacoe.com.au
Tracey McNeil
Agreement Manager (NACoE)
Email: [email protected] Ph: 0429 274 086
Collaboration
THANK YOU!!!
2829 April to 2 May 2018 - Brisbane
The much anticipated ARRB conference welcomes road and transport practitioners and researchers, to join us in discussing ‘Next Generation Connectivity’. Over three days, attendees will be treated to talks from world renowned experts on Intelligent Roads, Next-
Gen Asset Management, Disruptive Technologies, Smart Journeys and Human Factors of Transport – not to mention a dazzling array of social and networking functions.
