Steve did not seek re-election to the Board and was elected a Life Member of the Society. He would like to thank everyone who helped with the operation of the association and the organization of the congress. He has been active in the Newcastle Group of the Australian Energy Institute and is currently Chair.
Terry Bellair has been erroneously listed in the February 1987 issue of the Air Pollution Control Consultants list. Address to the Victoria and Tasmania Branch of the Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand, 17 February 1987. This is a brief statement of the current approach to pollution control adopted by the EPA in Victoria.
The most recent milestone was the introduction of the Environmental Protection (Industrial Waste) Act in 1985.
CARBON ADSORPTION VAPOUR RECOVERY UNITS
The percentage of vapor from (a) depends on the volume of vapor that the driver brings back from service stations. In the final evaluation, the Adsorption-Absorption Vapor Recovery Systems were adopted by all oil companies in Victoria. The refrigeration type vapor recovery system has not been favored as it requires significant maintenance and a specialized operating staff.
Nitrogen systems were considered, but due to the small base cost difference between nitrogen and motor spirit, this type of unit would not provide sufficient cost benefits. This was considered but rejected as it destroys a valuable product rather than recovering it.
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (STORAGE AND TRANSFER OF
VOLATILE ORGANIC LIQUIDS) REGULATIONS 1984
Work carried out as a result of the Melbourne Air Shed study suggests that it would be better to control NMHC emissions. To reduce NMHC emissions in the Melbourne airshed, emissions from major sources must be controlled. Figure 5(b) shows that total NMHC emissions from stationary sources have decreased as a result of the Storage and Transfer of Volatile Organic Liquids Regulations.
Therefore, to achieve a sustainable reduction in NMHC emissions over the next 15 years, regulations were needed to reduce emissions from the Storage and Transfer of Volatile Organic Liquids. Figure 5(c) shows NMHC emissions from all sources in Melbourne's air have been declining since the late 1970s.
THOMAS FOR TIMERS
Thomas Electronics Pty. Ltd
Unfortunately, meteorological conditions can vary considerably from year to year and may be partly, if not entirely, responsible for these observations. However, the EPA's summer smog alerts are issued under standard meteorological conditions, i.e. where there is a high pressure system centered in Melbourne with light northeast to northwest winds and a strong temperature inversion of less than 1500 meters up. ground. Unfortunately, meteorological conditions can vary considerably from year 10 and may be partly, if not entirely, responsible for these observations.
The EPA's summer smog warnings, however, are issued under standard meteorological conditions, i.e. where there is a high pressure system centered east of Melbourne with light NE and NW winds and a strong temperature inversion below 1500 meters above the ground.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR FLUORIDE
AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE D. Doley
The main difference between the goals is the application of the 40 limit on a 6-monthly or a 12-monthly basis. The choice of the more appropriate course depends on the information available on the responses of the critical species or ecosystem concerned to the environmental fluoride concentrations. In the case of fluoride, where the effect of the pollutant can be described as the product of average concentration and exposure duration (I), the objectives were applied as a range of concentrations that must not be exceeded during a specified average time (Table I).
If an industry is proposed for an area where there are not many fluoride-sensitive plant species, applying an air quality objective that protects such susceptible species may place unnecessary restrictions on the operation of the industry. Such an approach requires an understanding of the responses to fluoride of the plant species or ecosystem recognized as most important in the area. The objective may consider the effects of topography, meteorology, seasonal plant growth patterns and surrounding land use on the impact of atmospheric fluoride on a particular plant species.
It is necessary to determine that these secondary criteria are in fact useful indicators of yield response under the conditions considered for setting air quality objectives. Losses of functional leaf area usually occur by the middle of the growing season (10,12), but these losses are probably insignificant because of the common practice of pruning vegetative shoots at this time (12). There is little quantitative information on the effects of fluoride on stone fruit, but a recent study (28) showed that red seam spot disease of peaches developed as a result of day application.
That is, an average of three months is sufficient to guarantee the protection of 97% of the plant species studied against visible damage. Combinations of ambient fluoride concentration and averaging time for the two levels of the target are summarized in Table 3. The targets would apply to the outer limits of the buffer zone of a fluoride emission source.
OVERSEAS NEWS
HEPA FILTER TESTING IN AUSTRALIA,
HOT DOP OR NACL -
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
L. Gras
THE METHODS IN CURRENT USE
CONCLUSIONS
Properties of rainwater in Sydney that could not be investigated during the summer studies of Avers and Gillctt (1) were examined during the following year, when rainwater harvesting continued at three sites. Three conclusions can be drawn from the additional research: the acidity of rainwater in Sydney varies seasonally and is higher in summer than in winter. Winter rain was still slightly acidic, with an average pH of 4.8, about 0.3 pH units lower than 'unpolluted' rainwater in the region: (2) in the summer samples sulfuric acid carried about twice contributes as much to the acidity of the rainwater as nitric acid; and (3) in addition to gaseous ammonia, calcareous aerosol material plays an important role in partially neutralizing nitric and sulfuric acids in Sydney's stormwater.
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Department of Chemistry, Macquaric University, for the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the calcium analyses.
WRITING A GOOD SPECIFICATIC FOR ENQUIRY DOCUMENTS
G. Crosthwaite
Linking to point 2, a good balance should be struck between minimum open areas and general/maintenance access requirements. In the case of a fume generated in a hot process, the fume rise rate may be 3 m/scc • therefore it is necessary to match this by ensuring that the air intake through the open areas around the hood exceeds 3 m / scc. If a representative dust sample is available, this will help, but more realistic information can be obtained from practical experience from the customer.
PERFORMANCE REQUIRED The performance required should be established by direct contact with the appropriate obsolete air pollution control authority. The route of duel work in particular can significantly affect the pricing, but must also be quite precisely defined so that the system resistance and thus the static fan pressure can be established reasonably accurately. It is suggested that the client has very good and relevant reasons for requesting changes to the basic design levels of dust collectors, as this will undoubtedly increase the cost significantly.
Where a treatment unit is considered, the quality and availability of water should be clearly stated. It may be felt that the onus is on the supplier to determine the equipment required for a successful installation. In this case, it should be clearly written that it is the supplier's responsibility.
SPECIAL INFORMATION Payment terms, contract terms, escalation and other contractual requirements should be highlighted. After issuing a good inquiry and specification and receiving a number of offers, it is crucial that these lenders are assessed in a realistic manner. Once all these have been met and it has been checked that the equipment can fit into the required space and that the contractor has previous experience with the application, it is necessary to carry out a financial assessment.
BOOK REVIEWS
Most of the plants included in the database have planned dates of operation prior to 1998. Flakt air pollution control equipment has been purchased for more than 30 planned projects in Europe and Asia. If there is a double-digit increase in the production of semiconductor chips, the upper limit of the forecast will be reached.
While prcfiltcrs are much cheaper than HFPA filters, they are replaced frequently, whereas HE.PA filters may not be replaced for the life of the room. Many of the prefilter suppliers supply identical filters for other applications and work through distributors. They are therefore unaware of the extent of the pre-filter market for the cleanroom industry.
In 1990, Class 100 and Class 10 rooms will account for over 75 percent of ventilator sales to the cleanroom industry. Most of the companies servicing the industry had experienced no growth in 1984 and 1985, but surprisingly few fell on really hard times despite the crisis in the semiconductor industry. For example, in benches, the 7 best companies account for 41 percent of the total benchmarked.
The consolidation is much greater in the filter category where the top four companies have more than 50 percent of the market. The top ten manufacturers of conventional room enjoy less than 25 percent of the total market. They obviously have a much larger percentage of the available market if one excludes the rooms designed by the end users and architect/engineers.
NEW PRODUCTS
The number of companies and percentages of market shares vary widely depending on the type of equipment. The wall and floor market is served by a few companies that focus on the market, but there are also significant sales by companies that offer standard products for various industries. Section 111 spans over 500 pages and provides forecasts and technical information related to ionizers, robots, benches, rooms, filters, prefilters, ceilings, HVAC and other cleanroom components.
Detailed information regarding companies market shares, costs, market size, trends and other important data are included in the report.
