The effect on food intake and milk production of adding concentrate to the ration of cows fed pasture : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science at Massey University

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author.

FOOD PRODUCT

OF 'ro

p

p OF

by . L.

' 1967

Chapter

I

F

1 .1

1 • 2 ⁸

1 • 2.1 iological State An (i) Lact ing cows

(ii) D cows

1 • 2. 2 ity of Basal ion 1 .2. 3 Type of Roughage

-l ^{' o} r. ~ e 4 I ^C> v of Con cent rate

1 • 2. 5 St of Lactation

1 .3 ^ION?

1 .. 4

PRODUCrl.'ION

1 • 5

1.5.1 Concentrate with ture Diet 1 • 5. 2 Con cent e with Hay and S acre 0

(i) Current level of feeding (ii) Previous level of feeding (iii) Quality of Concentrate ( ) Genetic ili ty ^{Of COVi}

1 3

3 3

7 7 7 9

10 1 2 13 1 L~

14 16

20 20 20

26

26

28 28

29

Chapter

1 • 6 ^I 29

1 • 6.1 ilk F 30

(

.

^\

\ l ) Concentrate ^v~ i tl1 restri d

ro d t 30

(ii) ical u.re rou. 30

(iii) 'rype, treatment and 1 of con cent e

(iv) of nut tion 32

1. 6. 2 Solids-no at

(i) feet of plane of ene nutrition

(ii) ect of protein int

(iii) Specific effect con cent e

1 • 7 35

I I 38

2.1 38

2 .1 • 1 s 38

2.1 • 2 ntal sign 38

2.1 • 3 ding and nt 40

2.1 .4 ed ility 40

2.1 • 5

s

ing and co g of 41

2.1 • 6 tatistical al is Lf2

2 .. 2 44

2. 2.1 ility

2.2.2 Production 48

('\ _{l j} yield 48

(ii) f con nt and yield ^L~8 (iii) olids-not-f content and yield 48

ter

2.3 2.4

I

3.1

.2 ne Outline of the

3 .. 1. 3

(i) Train g riod imina period (iii) r•imen tal rio d.

ds and eding (i) ds

(ii) eeding

(iii) In measu 1~eme nts

nt

( iv) of feed offered and

3.1

.4

Gene nt

3.1.5

Live-weight asurements

3.1

⁰

6

Sampling and cording

3.1 .7

Botanical Composition eds 3.1. 8 Chemical posi "don of eds

stibilit;y of e (i) imals

rimental proce re

( l j .

'

Animals and procedure

ntal

(ii) ing of faeces and counting

LJ.9

52 53

53 53 54 55 55

57 57

58

59 59 59 60 60 61 61

63

of particles 64

Chap r

3 .. 1 .11

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3. 2

.l+

3.2.5 3.2.6

latile-F n

and n

tat al

Prel inary period (ii) in-square

(iii) issing plots

( )

stibili ty

(v) ionship between feed int

eeds

(i)

(ii) (iii)

(i) (ii)

(i) (ii)

L

animal uction

tanical composition of pasture

i composition of feeds rent di stib ity of feeds s

alth

i s a :dod D.

.

ⁱⁿ

production riment riod

f • \

\ l ) take

(ii) production

{

...

)

, l l l tonship be n feec1

and animal produ ion

Rumen and nia

Rate of of e

65 65 65 66

70 70 70 71 71 71 72 73

7L~

75

76

77 78 78

93

ou

-' '

96

Chapter 3.3

3-3.1

3.3.6

(i)

IOH

rimental s

Botanical composition of pasture

( ii) Chemi composition fee (iii) arent di stibility of fee

imals (i) Health (ii) Live-wei

(i) Preliminary period

(

..

⁾

~..~~ nt

Production

(i) ^~~~i yield

( _~~/

..

^\ _{at con}

(" _11~/

..

⁾ _content

tion be en Animal reduction

riod

nt and ld ed take

ld

and

99 99

100

100 100 1 01 1 'l 1 103 103 104 11

3

113 114 11 5

11 5

117 120 1 23

L T P

1 Est ion d ability.

2 Chan s in Production. 45

3 ^Dry tter Intake/cow/day riod ^{-1 I •}

4 ^{.1.. (;} r Intalte/ cow/day riod 2. ^{~..._.~ p,~;}

5 In riod 3.

,.. 0 ic ter

0

7 cretion t ned eds 97

1

2

3

4

.-' ~

,-

0

7 8 9

10

11 12

-1 "?

' J

14

1

5 16 1 7

The on of Int

Surnma

T OF

I

cent e S ment riments s ing feet

on Volunta ion.

racteristics Used.

nts ction

in t

d.

feet on ^p

in t Cornpa1?ison

I

Characte tics of Co·ws Used.

nt t.

An s ce.

s ce.

alyses Variance.

tanical Composition ture.

Chemical Composit n ture.

a rent stibili ty of e

L ts.

ct of Tre nts on L ^{.; J.. ....} u

Gain.

Prel ina riod

-

^{p ction}

and Intake.

4

17

46 47

68 69 72 72

75

77

18 Effect of Treatments on Food ^{.... u}

19 tent Intake due to

Con cent 82

20 feet of Periods on F Int ₈₃

21 feet Treatments on Product n. 91

22 fe of riods on uction. 92

23 ect of Trea nts on n

and nia

24 Rate of Pass of eeds. ₉₈

au sincere t

f in va us :-

t t s si

p essor ux for d enco nt

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0 and

y fo t isti ce

and . B. Cur for nf l i g

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man e nt cow •

e for feeding the p in di stibility t

st f of t eed st t tion, pa nt

bot ani

ass for pe

ture,

and g

for ca out

re.

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1

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