He referred to the role of engineers in easing the burden on the agricultural side of the industry. Steady improvement in grower efficiency can be gleaned from Mr.
SOME PROBLEMS OF FARMING IN THE SUGAR BELT
I think that would be considered a real achievement, regardless of what other problems followed in the wake of these high sucrose canes. We did not depend on the food from the fields all year round, as much of it could be stored away to be used in the lean season.
NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER FOR SUGAR CANE IN SOUTH AFRICA
In the nitrogen range 50 lbs. nitrogen was applied in one of the following forms. To illustrate this point, several graphs have been prepared from the results of the experiments.
THE SUGAR CANE VARIETIES OF NATAL
VARIETIES OF SUGAR CANE INTRODUCED IN NATAL P R I O R FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION AT MOUNT E D G E C O M B E. Agaul is peculiar in that it is susceptible to a type of mosaic which is probably not another transmitter, the disease.).
APPENDIX
LIST OF SUGAR CANE VARIETIES IN THE COLLECTION, AND SEEDLINGS RAISED LOCALLY, AT THE EXPERIMENT STATION, MOUNT EDGECOMBE, AND OF VARIETIES
INTRODUCED INTO THE QUARANTINE GLASSHOUSE IN DURBAN
GENERAL NOTES ON SOME OF THE NEWER VARIETIES UNDER TRIAL
This has given Co.290 cane a bad reputation in some circles, which it does not fully deserve. At the Experiment Station, the sucrose tests of this cane did not differ significantly from those of Co.281 and Co.290.
A DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING CANE ON EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS
DODDS said that the apparatus has been loaned to the Experiment Station, with very successful results 'a different test could be harvested faster than was possible until now. Before he had this machine, he had to take a lot of time to learn the locals on each farm, he went to the necessary work of harvesting fertilizers and testing varieties. Now after half an hour of training, the work could start and go smoothly until the end.
It will be noted that P.O.J.2725 has lost the top spot it had occupied for the first four crops. This seems to indicate that P.O.J.2725 does not conform as well as some of the other varieties. The results of the first of these, a comparison of four cane varieties, are given in the table below.
We are very grateful to the staff of the Umfolozi Co-operative Sugar Planters, Ltd., and to Mr. DODDS reminded the conference that he had yesterday (page 47, these proceedings) referred to certain of the commercial results due to growing P.O.J. 2725 instead of Uba in Umfolozi and said that the table on page 52 (first column) showed how quickly P.O.J. Associated with this transition was the fact that in 1935 the production of the Umfolozi factory was 12,000 tons of sugar, but by the season just closed production had reached 30,500 tons, a threefold increase in four years.
There arrived at Station 21 such hybrids crossed with various other varieties from different parts of the world.
THE VALUE OF CANE TOPS, CANE TOPS SILAGE AND MOLASSES IN BEEF PRODUCTION
In Table I it is revealed that most of the pasture has been successfully replaced by cane trees and molasses. In this case, the utilization of this ration therefore meant a significant increase in the carrying capacity of the pasture for the cost of the molasses and the collection and chaffing of the cane tops. In three of them cane trees and molasses formed the largest part of the ration, in the fourth cane tree silage was used.
Lintner for his helpful suggestions and assistance in compiling the data in this appendix. The moisture content of the bagasse was also reduced to 51.79 per cent., which is the lowest since 1933. Hanbury-King, of the Sugar Association staff, is greatly appreciated in compiling this report.
Spodnja Tugela records the largest share of the total area of cut cane, 28.8 percent, with Umzint 18.3 percent. This increase was largely due to the development of irrigation on some of the larger estates. For the 1938 season, the yield per hectare of all varieties in Spodnji Umfolozi was 34.40 tons; a return of 17 percent.
GENERAL REPORT ON WEATHER CONDITIONS FOR THE YEAR 1939
The greatest total and greatest excess above normal was recorded at Mtunzini, 65.11 inches, an excess of 15.35 inches or 30.8 per cent, above the eleven-year average for that station. Although Eshowe again does not state the maximum rainfall, it still retains the highest average of 51.65 inches produced by the heavy falls of 1931 and 1936. In our selection of rainfall stations for these records we have made some changes with a view to was more accurately representative of the sugar growing area.
The average daily temperature range is lower than normal, probably due to the longer range of rainy conditions in 1939. Although February, with a mean temperature of 76.1°, was one of the warmest months on record at this station, the summer of 1937. -38 as a whole was only slightly above normal. Regarding the year 1938, we can say that the weather conditions in 1939 were very favorable for the growth of the sugarcane crop.
DODDS stated that the various points raised would receive the attention of the Committee on the Standardization of Chemical Control.
COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION OF CHEMICAL CONTROL
- BUCHANAN
- GALBRAITH
- S. MOBERLY
- RAULT
- VIGER
Home 's Dry Lead ' method, but add a little diatomite to the solution before adding the reagent, and after adding the. After this time, the rubber connecting tubes can be cut off from the sample and the sample can be taken to the laboratory. this original container, where the analysis should be performed with as little delay as possible. When performing the test, it is advisable to take the sample into the flask that will be used later when the reagents are added.
Procedure for Test.—Transfer 100 ml. of the sample to the flask, add two drops of methyl orange and slowly drive in N/1 0 nitric acid until the yellow just changes to pink. Deep porcelain dishes are the best vessels to use for the titration. of the sample to be tested and add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator. It is also good to perform a blank titration with distilled water instead of the sample.
In the summary of the above notes, the following texts are referred to and in some places they are withdrawn.
NOTES ON SOME MODERN TENDENCIES IN BOILER CONTROL WORK
This is corrected and the amount of correction is displayed on the recorder's suitably calibrated map. The temperature of the water at the time of sampling should be slightly lower than the room temperature. No trace of a gas bubble in the top of the sampling bottles should be tolerated.
The sampling line itself must be located in the last passage of the boiler before the flue. The refinery has probably done as many tests as anyone, and out of the trouble emerges two tools: the. A drawing of the gas circuit in the analysis cabinet is shown in Fig. 2) Primary carborundum filter in flue.
The mixing of gas flows is determined by pressure, speed, density and the temperature of the oven.
SOME NOTES ON WEIGHING PRACTICE IN SUGAR MANUFACTURE
The ground surface in the neighborhood should have a fall away from the bridge. If the weight and the entire carrier can be under one roof (as in the Esperanza), this is more desirable. Of course, care must be taken to ensure that all truck wheels are properly on the bridge before weighing.
There must be a window in the scale house that gives the operator a clear overview of the entire bridge. If time and the requirements of the work permit, it is advisable to hold back trucks in. Weeds should be taken with the wagon tensioned so that the weight of the drawbar boom is properly supported by the animals.
The motor and the saw are both mounted on a beam (4) pivoted at the pivot point (5) which is attached to the side (6) of the holder.
BOILER CLEANING BY MEANS OF MOLASSES FERMENTATION
This has been defined by Follet-Smith & Williams3 as the sum of the sucrose percentage, cane and tonnes of cane per tons of sugar. If at some point in the season an estimate can be made of the probable sucrose percentage, cane for the season, it is possible to estimate with reasonable accuracy the tons of cane that will be required per tons of sugar. From these figures the following formulas are worked out for estimating the Demerara Index for the whole season at various times during the season.
In any case, it is very difficult to estimate the probable percentage of sucrose in the cane for the rest of the season. Moberly's method of arriving at the quantity of sugar cane at the beginning of the season would be very useful. The settler began operating from July 17 until the end of the season.
The liquid temperature from the multi-tray settler is 210oF., while the liquid from the intermittent isolation tanks shows a loss of 25“F.
Over the course of last season, when a marked improvement in cooking techniques and refrigeration equipment resulted in reduced molasses losses, we were surprised by a setback in indeterminate losses. This diagnosis by the technical accounting was then practically confirmed by detector samplers placed on the vapor pipes of the pans. In our experience, indefinite losses are rarely less than 0.50 percent of the sugar in the juice and can be as high as 4 percent under adverse conditions.
A few years ago his undetermined losses were about 2 1/2 per cent, of the sucrose in the cane, which amounted to about 26 tons of sucrose per week. Thirteen tons of sucrose per week were collected by turning the apparatus, which reduced the losses to about 60 per cent, of the figure previously quoted. This annual record could not be complete without an account of losses in molasses separately from unspecified losses.
Failing to discover any apparatus for testing bagasse, he asked the foreman about the methods hitherto employed.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
