I
No. 8 5. DECEMBER, 1912.
Si Speculum Piacet, Inspice.
The Speculum
THE JOURNAL OF THE
MELBOURNE MEDICAL STUDENTS' SOCIETY.
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CONTENTS. Page.
Editorial—
On Ourselves and Others .. 149 On Some Other Anomalies .. 152
Notes and Comments .. 153
An Interview with Freddy 156
The Control of the " Speculum" 159
THE DYSPEPTIC'S LAMENT .. 164
The Curriculum Again 165
Post Graduate Teaching at Home and Abroad 167
"s Speculum" Records 7. 172
THE "EXPERT" 172
Round the Hospitals .. 173
Little Hints for Solo Players .. 174
Follow the Pram-line . 175
Commentaries and Solutions 176
Musings in Medical Middle Age .. 180
Anatomical and Anthropological Society .. 185
"KEEP YOUR HAIR ON" .. .. . . IS6 _
Year Notes ISO
SPOrting Notes .. I90
Correspondence .. 193
195 198
PEWTER MUSINGS .. 2ou
202
Editorial Notices .. 208
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December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. '45
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T A.e: Speculum.
THE JOURNAL OF THE MELBOURNE MEDICAL STUDENTS' SOCIETY.
No. 85. DECEMBER, 1912. Single Copy, 2/, r RICE Extra Copies, rp.
On Ourselves and Others.
How far students are members of our University and how tar merely appendages, is something that perhaps will never be satisfactorily agreed upon. A review of the persistent atti- tUde of certain University authorities towards undergraduates makes it sadly evident that, in their opinion, the student only Pays fees to be taught, and that his interest in the University
ceases there. That undergraduate life is just as much a por-
410n of a man's life as school or graduate life is, seems never '0 have entered the economy of thought of some of our Uni- versity authorities.
Well Not knowing, they cannot imagine that students would wish to the University because they are members of it; and
Therefore any collective action or opinion of students must be
received with grave suspicion and mistrust. These are they Whose backbone is the word "discipline," and whose dignity in perpetual danger. These are they whose constant inability t0
understand that students have a point of view is the sole cause for any real trouble that does arise between students and
119se lawfully in authority over them.
A review of the recent controversy concerning University
magazines well illustrates this.
t
Commencing with public pronunciation of the severest sen - tence possible, our authorities then investigated our crimes.
That evidence did not support the previously administered sen - tence seems to have little perturbed those who hold the scales of justice for students. It did not occur to them that with students the ideas of discipline and of fair play might in some mysterious way be connected. For students are a peculiar people, ignorant of discipline except when authorities, for thei r
good, remind them of its existence. But authorities even may differ in knowledge. Students protested with no uncertain voice; and the voice was under,"
stood by some, for there was lack of unanimity in the halls 01 the mighty. Unfortunately justification, rather than redress, was attempted, and later activities indicate a primary prefer' ence for dignity.
Thus control over all student publications was necessall . That sub-committees were appointed to confer with student committees for agreement was evidence, somewhere in au- thority-, of a sensible appreciation of the existence of a student point of view. But, unfortunately, the well-set course wa s
marred by storms. One sub-committee immediately forced 3 deadlock by refusing to meet a properly constituted represen - tative student committee, because of its personnel. One might
have construed this as a taunt, inviting defiance. Students ig" nored it. But these things do not tend to mutual confidenc e.
By some weird turn of Fortune's wheel, the personnel of our committee was deemed to be above obvious reproach. Con' ference took place in most amiable fashion. Satisfactoy.
agreement was under negotiation, and hopes of "peace with honour" flourished ; when, unforseen and with constabulary emphasis, another faux pas was made. The Council had PIA' its foot down.
The resolutions of the Council were not very drastic. 111- deed, from former violence of language, one might reasonablY have anticipated annihilation. The Council doubtless intende d to be conciliatory. Realising that " 'Tis not wise to be severe ,
its mandates were made as little rigorous as seemed conform"
able with that ever-necessary dignity that in some weird way seemed to be endangered by the peaceful settlement of 3
,,
, 1
agreement. We are quite assured that the Council was honest ly of the belief that its resolutions would be not very displeasing to students. It was the fault of ignorance, not of intentio n that the Council should imagine that students would pref er that the matter be settled by compulsiol of an entirely
WI_
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 151
necessary mandate, rather than by an agreement. And so the
!natter stands.
It is not many years now since these same authorities, when there was difference of point of view concerning students and the formality of commencement, rejected proposals from the Students' Council in which the necessary behaviour was guar- anteed, and offered as compromise that certain of the senior students should be allowed to be present, and the remainder excluded. Even in younger days it was not understood that such conditions would be impossible to an honourable body of students. Naturally they were rejected, and by the subse- quent firm action of the University Council an important Uni- yersity function was saved—and killed. To-day there is a wail in the halls of authority itself. " Ye have made of commence- • nient a solitude, and have called it peace !"
Whatever the explanation, it is evident that somewhere among our University authorities there is a profound ignor- e of students other than as paying appendages to our Uni- versity.
Possibly the University Council, existing (we cannot well say elected) in the groove of decades, concerned with the fees Of students rather than with the affairs of students, found it easy to forget that students were other than large schoolboys, and could think independently and in corporate fashion, with sonte interest in the University other than getting a return, in business way, for their money. Certainly we know that there t.r. lack of unanimity amongst the members of the Professorial -noard, of whom some have not forgotten that as students they r•11
, emselves did think, and were not "smiling images pushed 'rani behind."
Shortly before the publication of this issue, the committee 1seceived official communication that it "must be in conformity With discipline."
bo our authorities expect, in an ordinary fashion, that stud- 'ants should need a reminder that there should be discipline in University? Or is it that our authorities think that we Should now have been goaded beyond endurance, and do they anticipate a rebellious spirit?
Or is it perhaps that our authorities would wish there to be
"° Publicity of the situation they have forced?
are _ leave these conundrums for others to solve. Such things ye unpleasant, and are best forgotten. " Truth loves open vtealin" The editor and the whole committee have the ut- their actions to prove otherwise.
But, even so, from the absence, so evidently displayed, of even the faculty of confidence, we must perforce agree with good Dogberry that "when the age is in, the wit is out," and that the wit to understand students is no more.
Nevertheless, we do not counsel rebellion. Student dignity necessitates a respect for discipline, for it is founded on a be- lief that the University is our University. It may not be per - mitted to us to be responsible, or to think independently, but we can retain our dignity without rebellion, and wish only that we may receive fair treatment, considered even as schoolboys.
On Some Other Anomalies.
Students work hard. This is a generalisation doubtless dis- puted by some, but nevertheless true. It is in these times, when the holiday longing comes, that the fact of the strain of a year's work is manifested. And because they work hard, students have great objection to waste of time. Time is precious ; and unless usefully filled in, but adds to the strain.
So the Special Hospital problem is a real and practical diffi- culty. Compelled to get attendances, but nothing else, students spend two or three half-days in the week in travelling to get their attendances. The time is largely wasted, for too great an interest would prejudice the work of examination subjects and students are not now students, but potential examinees. A remedy would be to make these courses post-graduate, but practical difficulties would arise in making them compulsory, as they certainly should be. Another remedy worthy of con- sideration would consist in holding a pass examination of the same compulsion as, and contemporaneous with Forensic Med- icine. This would certainly prejudice a little the standard of our subjects of final examination, but not very considerably:.
Much of no practical value, when considered comparatively, Is learned now for the sake of a very few extra marks in exam - ination in these subjects. The work of the Special Hospitals should be learned. Whether we know the work or not, people under our care will get eye and ear troubles, will suffer from infectious diseases. Children will exist, and not all will be models of perfect health; while some people, with woeful lack of consideration, will develop mental diseases. If we do not treat them, they must remain untreated, or go to some one else for treatment. The loss may be double. It will certainly be ours. A general knowledge of the basal principles of treat - ment is necessary to a conscientious practitioner. The aim of a Medical School Should he not to produce graduates splendidly
ti!
beCeMber, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 153
and scientifically trained in what is, though the major portion . of medical practice, yet only a portion of it, but to produee graduates broadly and usefully trained in the practice of the art of healing.
The use of drugs is important. Dietetics and Hygiene are
141portant subjects. Materia Medica is comparatively of little value for one in medical practice. Yet we find that students in their third year, just entering the realm of practical medi-
"=ine and surgery, at the stage when the big text-books are ob-
tained and the name written on the fly-leaf with dreadful ex Pectation, until a few fearful peeps shall lead to a wondrous
familiarity, have enthusiasm cut short, to spend six or eight Weeks at the infernal mnemonical, memory grind of Mat. Med. in order that they may know the geography of certain plants, in preparation for a possible Crusoe existence, and the life history of a fungus itfhabitino , the ryeplant. And Fherapeutics, Dietetics, and Ilygiene are frankly "cram" sub- le.cts, with little time spent in the learning, and a wonderful 'line wasted in compulsory attendances at lectures, printed Ntes of which are distributed. The time spent on Mat. Med.
In third year is regained to Medicine and Surgery in fourth
Year, at the expense of Therapeutics, Dietetics and Hygiene, which are of more value than Mat. Med. How to prevent this waste of time, and yet achieve the due proportion of subjects
hh
the problem. A suggestion may be hazarded as solution ,at a permanent full time University lecturer be appointed to teach all these subjects in one course. Materia Medica and Research being combined in due proportion, a School of jesearch in Pharmacology, Dietetics, and Hygiene could never be anything but an asset to the University, and might providea valuable use for the much discussed Research Scholarships.
Notes and Comments.
The sympathy of all medical students is extended to Dr.
ti-..tamble for his recent illness. Dr. Lamble has worthily filled
st
u dents—and position of Professor Allen—none know it better than 'til dents—and particularly in gaining the respect and affection
?! all students more definitely associated with him. Best wishes are also extended for a complete and speedy return to health .
Congratulations to Dr. and Mrs. Hiller—who have done much to help the students along the difficult and thorny path happiness learning! The whole Medical School extends wishes for
aPPiness and prosperity.
The entry for the " Stawell" prize is so far again very dis- appointing. That there is not keen competition for this, the most valuable prize in the course, with the exception of the Exhibitions, indicates a very decided lack of enterprise and originality. Possibly it is the stereotyped formality of an in - volved clinical course that leads students to imagine that all the work they should do is written in the University Calendar.
Nevertheless there are a few—to whom be all honour—who somehow find plenty of work, and time for it, outside the pre- scribed course, and still manage to do well in those slaugh -, terers of originality, the examinations.
While on the subject of work, the present third year are due for a few words of warning. All allowance being made for the necessity of especially hard work for the members of third year being necessary for tile maintenance of the standard, it is nevertheless felt that a year which arranges and attends a lecture in Pharmacy at 8 a.m. on a Saturday morning at the Pharmacy. College, has very nearly approached the limit. The borderline of precedent between dangerous and disastrous has been reached. It is hoped a simple warning will be sufficient.
The special lectures in Gynaecology by Dr. Rothwell Adam on Saturday mornings at the Women's, are receiving praise on all sides. The fifth year, already much examination-worried.
appreciates very highly these summaries of different difficult portions of the subject.
Our best thanks are due to Dr. H. D. Stephens, who has promised to give a short series of lectures on " Infant Seed - ing." Those whose imagination carries them further than next March, will appreciate how practically useful a little definite knowledge of this subject might be. Too often is the student horizon bounded by examination results.
The new Melbourne Hospital is commencing to look useful as well as ornamental. It is satisfactory indeed to know that accommodation for students is going to approach more nearly what it ought to be. A common room, luncheon room, library , and office, are, it is hoped, to be ready for occupation for students early next year.
It is also a subject of congratulation that included in the plans of the new buildings is the requisite accommodation for small groups of students to do a resident course of a few weeks at the Hospital in O.P. and casualty work. This is the work that continually confronts the practitioner, and must be known even by the youthful graduate. At-present only scraps 01 knowledge are picked up in haphazard fashion.
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 155
One of our daily newspapers has had the temerity to display, afil irreverent and frivolous spirit—such as could come only from profound ignorance—concerning the deliberations of our Anatomical and Anthropological Society. Having a profound respect for the intricacies of anatomy, we see nothing 'anom-
V
ous in the discovery that anatomists have the largest brains.It is pleasing to note that the offending newspaper was prop- erly and promptly "squelched."
The Committee is endeavouring to complete a series of
!lumbers of the " Speculum" since its first publication, with the Intention of having them bound and copies kept in the Medical Libra
Library. ry . These should form an interesting and valuable of the Medical School.
The libraries in the different hospitals are increasing in use by, and proportionately, in value to students. Intended as ,suurces of ready reference concerning the clinical work of the aspitals, they should become a useful adjunct to that work.
The members of the M.S.S. Committee at each hospital, to- gether with a librarian, constitute the Library Committees, and Will always be glad to receive suggestions for new books. The thanks of the Society are tendered to those Honoraries who have generously helped the establishment of the libraries. In Particular are our thanks .due to Mr. Hamilton Russell, whose valuable gifts to students at the Alfred Hospital are greatly appreciated.
The Committee reluctantly decided to relinquish the third terns smoke night for this year. These functions are only held because of a desire for them on the part of students. If students do not condescend to take an interest in their own social functions, the Committee does not feel justified in in- c,urring- the rather heavy financial expenditure involved. It is known that increasing stress of work is being laid on each year, and that the pace is quickening tremendously, but it will be a greatpity if the congenial smoke night is "crowded out." The social re-unions of the whole Medical School supply an element
Lri
,`tuthe training of our Medical course that should never be per- tted to be lacking. Next year, in addition to a full attend-
411ce at the dinner, students should insist on at least one smoke night each term.
The fund to provide for the presentation of a complete series of photographs of fifth year groups since the inception of our Medical School is steadily progressing. Further sup- Port, however, is necessary if the photographs are to be pre- pared and hung before next year.
It is pleasing to record that the long-standing difference of opinion between the Committee of the Women's Hospital and students has been overcome. At last, even despite Professor Masson and the press, students are considered worthy of ac- commodation better than something it will perhaps be wiser not to attempt to describe. The Students' House is being al- most completely refurnished and cleaned throughout; and, as the reward of persistency, the long necessary boon of a tele- phone to the Midwifery Department has been granted. Our best thanks are due to our friend, the Matron, who has been an enthusiastic worker for the necessary comfort of students.
An Interview with Freddy.
1 am so sorry I am late, gentlemen," and so saying the speaker en- tered the little sitting room where we had been waiting for him.
" What can I do for you? Have either of you an appendix or other anatomical trifle that is—er, superfluous, eh?"
We explained that we thought a few words with him would be greatly appreciated by our readers, and asked him would he mind giv- ing us a few hints on how to become a suc- cessful surgeon.
" Well, really, gentle- men, indeed," drawing in a long shallow breath, " I do not quite know how to begin. Of course one must be bold; you know the C.
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 157 saying, Faint heart never opened a fat furuncle,' a timid sur- geon never yet succeeded.
" Then, too, one must always remember that the public only see the end results of our work, and the glitter and shine with which they are accompanied. Er—I would like you to make a note of that.
" Then, again, gentlemen, to succeed one must be exceed- mglY polite or excessively brusque. The natural man never
succeeds. Cultivate politeness—it pays. Apart from these
considerations skill is the only other factor in the making of a successful surgeon.
" Well I must be going. Would you gentlemen care to have a look round my wards with me? I am going to the Hos- pital now."
We came out and entered his Berliet, and five minutes later,
as we were mounting the Hospital steps, he continued:—
" When I was in Naples the other day I saw a case of ap- Pendicitis—quite a coincidence, was it not? I had a long yarn
with Moynihan about it.
" When I was in London I saw Lister—he is an unassuming old fellow. I saw Lane and Horsley at work. Horsley is a man I have great respect for. I don't care much for the colour
0f Lane's socks, but otherwise he is a good surgeon."
We were now entering the wards. " Good morning, sister, how are you this morning?" To a patient : " Well, my man,
"°w are you? You will soon be better. -
Passing along the ward the House Surgeon came up and
cold_Freddy that a man had just been admitted with a perfor- atted gastric ulcer. Freddy turned round to several students, ,w°0 by this time had collected, and said, " We will do him this 'ay week. Will that suit you, gentlemen?"
He passed on. " How is this man, sister? Has he passed a
g°0
ha c1 night? You know, gentlemen, sleep is a better surgeonI
an ever Bird will be. I would like you to make a note of at• Let me see. I wired your radius, did I not, my man?°1.1. I remember. This was a case we had some difficulty with.
here. Yo mustu kno give
w wth e neli
arl up e quor
y lost youg
this ti anme
, my ood m, . when you leave
the` hat That reminds me of a little verse I heard in Switzerland er day:
z58 THE SPECULUM. Decemb,2r, 1912.
" Fair liver! loveliest organ we possess, How sad 'ere long, that thou must be,
Cirrhosed and fatty; thy pristine vigour gone, And patches of sclerosis throughout thee.
And you, twin kidneys, pink and smooth, Excrete and filter while ye may;
To-morrow granular ye both may prove, So do your best to-day.'
Take a lesson, my man.
"The other day I saw Lane doing- some of his fracture work; he does it beautifully.
" I said to him, 'Arbuthnot, my boy, how do you get such good results?' Pick your cases,' he replied. Since then I have selected mine, and I only select good ones. I get the others transferred."
The next case was one of appendicitis. " I am sure it is good surgery" (we thought it was good business too). " They all recover if they are seen within 48 hours. Never use horsehair sutures in the intestine. That is a very real little bit of sur- gery I can assure you."
Passing out of the ward with a bow and a "Good morning, sister," the great man went towards the gate, and asking us to have a glass of stout and a prawn, invited us to take a seat once more in his Berliet.
As we glided along he asked: " Would you care for a posi;
get
on the staff of the ' Rage'? You know I can et you one
—seeing the looks on our faces, he changed the subject.
Five minutes later we were comfortably seated in a cosy cafe, and the great man waxed wordy.
" In my lengthy experience, I have achieved some remark - able successes. Well do I remember little Jim. You've heard of the surgeon who used an appendix as a urethra, and how he stared when the patient came up with appendicitis a few weeks later. That's nothing; why, in little Jim I used the small intestine as an aorta. If he had recovered from the anaesthetic he would have been a most interesting specimen in a few years. He lived only 55 minutes.
" If I had time 1 would tell you the story of the woman whose lungs I removed. She never breathed a word about i t
to anybody. I could tell you of the boy with Elephantiasis' only I am afraid you couldn't grasp it. Won't you have an - other prawn?
" In my student days we had some gay sparks among the students. You remember the old song:—
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 159
" I stood on the bridge at midnight, As the clocks were striking three.
I was just getting home to breakfast ; There was something wrong with me.
My voice was thick and glossy, And my legs were far from strong, ButI felt so gay and blithesome, In my dream of love and song.'
" But I am afraid I am keeping you, gentlemen. You must have other Birds to cook. I must pop off now and see the cor- oner. One of my patients that I did a gastro-enterostomy on last year has just died. I had better report the case."
In a few seconds he was whisked away in his Berliet in the midst of a polite " Good morning, gentlemen."
The Control of the " Speculum."
A statement of the present position regarding the control of the " Speculum" and of the facts leading up to it.
(Published by direction of the M.S.S. Committee.) In last issue of the " Speculum" a statement appeared which set forth the facts connected with the charges levelled against those responsible for issue No. 83, and of the subsequent trial and the happenings pertaining thereto. Since that issue many further happenings have transpired, in which the attitude of certain of our University authorities has not been provocative of confidence, and as the result of which the Committee has decided to place the whole question of future control of the
" Speculum" before the Annual General Meeting at the com- mencement of next year.
The resolution carried by the Council after its memorable discussion at the meeting of August 5th, directed the Profes- sorial Board to perform two things.
" To proceed under the Statute for the maintenance of discipline in the University against those responsible for the Publication of the articles in the Speculum,' with the assur- ance that the Council will do whatever is in its power to sustain such proceedings as the Professorial Board might adopt," and
2. " To consider the best way to deal with the whole ques-
tion
of the University magazines, and report to the Council."The first of these directions, in which the Professorial' Board was told to perform its previously neglected duty, was faithfully carried out. The editor was placed on trial, and in
THE SPECULUM. 1912.
our last issue a full report was published of the result of that trial. Suffice it for the present to say that the Council had
little anxiety in doing what was in its power to sustain the resolution which was the sum of the proceedings adopted by the Professorial Board.
Pursuant with the second direction, sub-committees were ap- pointed by the Professorial Board to meet the governing com- mittees of the University magazines. These sub-committees were to endeavour to arrange some form of agreement con- cerning the control of the magazines and to report to the Pro- fessorial Board, students being given to understand that such agreement, if arrived at, would settle the question.
The sub-committee appointed to meet the M.S.S. Committee, the publishing body of the " Speculum," met with the Com- mittee soon after this, and placed before it for consideration certain proposals as follows :—
I. That the M.S.S. agree to the nomination on the " Spec- ulum" Editorial Committee of three members of the Teaching Staff of the Medical School, who shall be nominated by the M.S.S. Committee and approved by the Professorial Board.
Of these three one at least shall be a member of the Profes- sorial Board, and two shall be nominated and approved an- nually.
2. All matter for publication in the " Speculum" shall be submitted to a full meeting of the Editorial Committee; and the three Staff Representatives thereon, after conferring with the Editorial Committee, shall have full power by a simple ma- jority of their number, to veto the publication of any matter of
which they disapprove.
3. In return for such powers of control the three Staff Rep- resentatives are to co-operate, as far as possible, in the ad- ministration of the journal.
4. It shall be the duty of the Staff Representatives to see that this agreement is signed annually by every member of the Editorial Committee.
At this meeting the whole question of control of the " Spec- ulum" was most amicably discussed in conference.
The M.S.S. Committee, realising that the matter was one of control, and not of management, of the journal of the Society, decided that the final decision must rest with a general meeting
iii 41
of members of the Society. In the meantime the proposals were carefully considered, and as a result of those considera - tions, the Committee suggested certain amendments of the proposals to the representatives of the Professorial Board.
THE SPECULUM. 16T It was felt that if the Professorial Board were unwilling - to , have a peaceful settlement without an outside censorship for- indecency—though this had been shown to be unnecessary—
it was a matter of comparative indifference to the Society, as- it would make no difference to the journal. But the Committee' Was unanimous in opposing any power of outside censorship of criticism. This was felt to be the right of students. The amended proposals, were placed before the representatives of the Professorial Board, who readily accepted the amendments,, and eventually in essentially the following form they were sub- mitted to a special general meeting of the members of the So- ciety held at 1...t.5 p.m. on October 7th.
t. That the M.S.S. agree to the nomination on the " Spec- ulum" Editorial Committee of three members of the Teaching Staff of the Medical School. who shall be nominated by the M.S.S. Committee, and approved by and responsible to the Professorial Board. Of these three, one at least shall be a member of the Professorial Board, and two shall be nomin- ated and approved annually.
2. All matter for publication in the " Speculum" shall be submitted to a full meeting of the Editorial Committee ; and the three Staff Representatives thereon, after conferring with the other members of the Editorial Committee, shall have full Power, by a simple majority of their number, to veto the publi- cation of any matter which they consider beyond the bounds of decency. Provided always that in all other matters, including - question of -University tit(1 Hospital criticism, the Staff Rep- resentatives shall sit and vote only as ordinary members of the
3. In return for such powers of control, the three Staff -
Representatives are to co-operate with the Editorial Commit- tee, and to assist as far as possible in the administration of the Journal.
4. It shall be the duty of the Staff Representatives to see, that this agreement is signed annually by every member of the Editorial Committee.
As the meeting was not well attended, and was not repre- sentative, it was decided after discussion that the matter he referred to a further general meeting to be held in the evening at an early (late. But all this time the year was advancing, and the annual dread of examination had firmly established it- self, and therefore, to the disappointment of the Committee, it Nv4s found that, though students throughout the Medical School had evinced ‘,ery intense interest in the question, the /fleeting- that was held at 8 p.m. on October 21st, was not in
any way representative. The impossibility of proper consider- ation of the proposals for this year becoming - obvious, and the questions at issue being important and in no way matters of urgency—which fact the representatives of the Professorial Board had frequently impressed on the Committee—it was decided to refer the proposals for consideration to the Annual General Meeting at the commencement of next year, provided that no objection were raised by the representatives of the Pro- fessorial Board.
At this meeting a further important resolution, the direct result of a need made evident throughout the controversy, was carried. It was decided—" That the M.S.S. take immediate
-action with the view of obtaining an amendment of the Uni- versity Act to provide for the election of two additional mem- bers of the University Council to represent the undergradu- ates in the Council—such representatives to be graduates of the Melbourne University, and to be elected annually by the undergraduates."
Concerning the proposals for the control of the " Speculum,"
our Society having acted throughout in perfect good faith, and having perfect confidence in the good faith of the University authorities, sudden and disastrous surprise was occasioned by reading in the daily papers'that at a meeting of the University Council on November I ith, the Council, to settle the question of control, had put into effect a mandatory resolution, which combined two alternatives for students, neither of which was similar to the agreement then under consideration, and which
students in good faith expected would be the procedure of set- tlement.
immediately on reading the reports, the Secretary, on behalf of the Committee, asked for a ruling when these mandates should come into actual effect, pointing out that another issue of the " Speculum" was due to he published this year, and that, owing to the season of the year, it was entirely impossible for the Society to consider different alternative questions which the mandate caused to arise. The reply was received that the authorities were willing to allow consideration to be postponed until early next year. This act of simple justice was termed
"consideration," and, in return for this, the Society were asked that this issue of the " Speculum" -should contain no reference whatever to the controversy concerning, the control 'of the journal. The reply to this was immediately sent that it would be impossible to publish an issue of the " Speculum" without some reference to the present situation; that the best possible way to acquaint students with the facts of the situation was
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 163 by medium of the " Speculum" and that in return for any
"consideration," the Society could not permit the expression
of our opinion to be stifled. The following letter in reply was sent to every member of the M.S.S. .Committee, which was also an official notification of the resolutions of the University Council :—
Dear Sir,_ 20th November, 1912.
I beg to advise you that the question of the management and control of University magazines has been further considered by the Council and the Professorial Board, with the result that the following rules have been adopted— •
1. That all magazines purporting to represent students of the University directly or through their Societies, be under University control.
2. That the control shall take the form of either—
(a) The appointment of censors approved of by • the Board, who shall have the absolute power of veto as to any proposed publication, or
(b) The vesting of complete responsibility for each maga- zine in a student editor selected by students, but approved by the Board.
3. That any violation by students of the above rules be con- sidered a breach of discipline, and dealt with accordingly.
I would draw your attention to the fact that the press re- ports of the last Council meeting concerning this matter con- tained some serious inaccuracies which are revealed by • the true text of the rules as set out above. There were also still more serious inaccuracies in the report of the discussion.
I may add that these rules were adopted in the belief that one of the alternatives might be acceptable in some. cases, and the other in others.
These rules are now in force and the Board desires to be in- formed as soon as possible which of the above alternatives the Committee of the Medical Students' Society prefers to adopt for the " Speculum," and also to have submitted for its ap- proval the names of either censors or a student editor, as the Case may be.
As it may be more convenient, however, that the appoint- ment of censors or a student editor should be postponed until the beginning of next year, the Professorial Board is willing to allow the matter to stand over till then. But it must be un- derstood that any publication of the " Speculum" before the rule is complied with must be in conformity with discipline.
Yours faithfully.
J. P. BAINBRIDGE, Registrar.
At the next meeting of the Committee the matter was fur- ther discussed, and the following letter was sent to the Pro- fessorial Board:—
The President of the Professorial Board.
Dear Sir,—
Our -Committee has been advised of the resolutions carried at ,a recent meeting of the University Council concerning the
•control of University magazines.
We wish respectfully to state that consideration of the ques- tions raised by the passing of these resolutions is rendered difficult by the fact that at the time the resolutions were passed, our Society, in perfect good faith, was in conference with ac- 'credited representatives of the Professorial Board concerning
an agreement which was to settle the question.
Our Committee further regret that the University author- ities have intensified the difficulties of the present situation by enforcing a mandatory settlement, when a settlement by agree- ment was in negotiation.
Regarding the action to be taken.—our Committee propose that the matter shall come for consideration before the An- nual General Meeting to be held at the commencement of next year, and desire to thank the Professorial Board for permitting the postponement of consideration until that time. Regarding the next issue of the " Speculum," we would state that it is not intended to publish anything that is not in conformity with discipline.
On behalf of the Committee.
Yours faithfully.
W. H. Col, Ns.
Hon. Secretary.
The Dyspeptic's Lament.
I am vexed, disappointed, distressed, My dinner I cannot digest ;
For beef, veal or mutton, I don't care a button, And pig-meat I loathe and detest.
I can't bear the smell of the fish ; The fowl is both tasteless and tough.
For entrees I ne'er have a wish,
And of game I have had quite enough.
December, t9t2. THE SPECULUM. 165 I could live on a beaten-up egg,
Or a nice bit of fresh bread and cheese;
Rinse my mouth with a small whiskey "peg,"
And give my poor stomach some ease.
But the gong, or the vile dinner bell Calls me off to the sick'ning routine;
I nearly got ill with the smell
Vrom ..'the steam of the boiling tureen.
What creatures of habit we are!
We eat when we feel no desire;
Though quite warm enough at the time, We keep putting coal on the fire.
The Curriculum Again.
The essentials of any system are obviously the units of which it is composed, and to these units the energy of those organis- ing the system ought to be directed. The gardener prepares the soil to the end that his plant may grow and thrive quickly and healthily, and draws his pay according to his success.
When will those in authority at this University realise that the students are the factors which go to make a University, and that they are not merely parasitic? When this blissful state arrives, perhaps a little more consideration will be shown to Us in matters which concern us very nearly.
During the past few years the Medical Course has been under no less than three different curricula, and the present One does not seem to us to have proved itself in any way per- fect. Does this constant changing of plans point to final success? The changing has not been done in order to cope with changes in the times, but. has been apparently purely ex- Perimental. and the results of the experiments are patent to all in the dissatisfaction which is felt by students and, we think, by certain of the Faculty also.
To consider third year. In this year we are examined on eighteen months' work. The rule at present is that one of the two subjects. Anatomy and Physiology, must be passed at the
• first sitting or the candidate will not he allowed to sit for the supplementary examination in the following March. Appar- ently the belief is to the effect that if a man - fail to satisfy the
requirements of the examiners in either of the subjects in August, it is impossible for him to have learnt his work thor- orighl y by the end of the following six or seven month:. In another school of the Lniyersity, there is a subject known as
Logic, and we do not think the Professors of this school would agree that the above deduction is a logical one. The candidate may, if he pleases, specialise in one of the two subjects, and if he do sufficiently well in the exams. in this one, can take the following six months in which to cram for the neglected sub- ject.
Is it right that the man who fails, by however little, to pass a certain exam., should have to wait for twelve months before another opportunity is afforded him of having his knowledge tested? During this time he has to live, and the conditions of our times demand that he shall pay for living; comparatively few of us are in the happy state of being able to pay this extra money without feeling it pretty considerably. Of course we see that this "holding back" of students through their course is conducive to increase of the University's revenue, but this only brings us back to the beginning of this article; the great essential of the University's being is the body of students, and as such they deserve a fair consideration from the governing body.
Again, in first year, the student who fails to satisfy the ex- aminers in any one subject has to wait twelve months before he can present himself for examination again, and must again pass exams. in any subject or subjects in which he may have passed in the previous year. Yet the uninformed hold forth on how much better the Melbourne course must be than, say, that of Edinburgh, because men get through so much more quickly at the latter place! Possibly there may be something in this argument, but surely the difference is largely explained by the fact that students are given' more opportunity there by exams. being held more frequently; and also, when a Pro- fessor goes away on leave there are competent men to fill his place.
As to why the student who fails in one of three subjects should be forced to do all three subjects again in the following year, it is hard to imagine what justification the authorities imagine they have behind them. Possibly they argue that if he passed his year in parts , he would have forgotten the first part before he passed the last. Well, how many men at the end of their third year could pass the exams. prescribed for first year? Let third year men answer this themselves.
If there be a satisfactory explanation of these puzzling reg- ulations, we should greatly like it to be forthcoming; and if there be none, we hope Some of us, at least, may see a day dawn in which the student will be considered worth just a little consideration from those who fill the seats of the mighty.
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 167 Post Graduate Teaching At Home and
Abroad.
During my student days it used to be the laudable ambition of the medical student that, at some time after the attainment of his degree, he should have a trip Home." Partly, no doubt, this desire arose from a wish to visit the land of his forefathers, and partly because he was anxious to familiarise himself with medical work and education as they existed in the larger centres. This "wanderlust" seems, if anything, to have become more general as years have passed; and a fairly large proportion of Melbourne medical graduates have at some time worked in various medical schools and hospitals in Great Britain. If possible, a graduate should travel before he has settled down to practice, preferably after he has finished his hospital residentship, which forms an almost necessary sixth Year of student life. The difficulties of giving up practice when one is established are sufficient to deter many from a prolonged holiday until the advantages to be gained from it are much less than they would have been at an earlier period.
Of all places, London appears to offer the greatest advant- ages and facilities for post-graduate work, and it is there that the largest number of our men are to be found, To many of these, the special nature of their future work has been decided upon, and the school or hospital at which they will pursue their post-ciraduate study is readily chosen. Many, however, go with nj'fixed views ; they wish to gain whatever in the way of knowledge will be useful to them, perhaps in general prac- tice, and it is often a matter of difficulty for them to decide where they shall go. In London there are so many hospitals and schools of medicine, and such a number of well known men, that choice is not easy ; and a further difficulty is that the organisation of post-graduate work has not yet reached in London the stage arrived at in, say, Berlin or Vienna.
If London is to be the Mecca of the medical pilgrim, he should endeavour before leaving Australia to have some idea of the kind of work he wishes to see, and it is wise to get from Medical friends here some letters of introduction to teachers or medical men in London. It must be remembered that the largest and best known general hospitals are filled with stud-
.,nts, and their wants in the way of clinical instruction must be supplied before any special attention can be given to post- graduates.
The London Post-Graduate Association is an institution
t
hat is endeavouring to meet the needs of the visiting prac-titioner who wants to see something of both general and special medical practice in London. It is connected with many of the best known general and special hospitals ; the former being Charing Cross, Guy's, King's College, St. George's, St.
Mary's, St. Thomas' University College and Westminster.
Among the special hospitals are Brompton (chest diseases), Great -'Ormond-st. Children's, National Paralysed and Epilep- tic, London, Ophthalmic, and St. Mark's (rectal diseases).
Members of the Association may also attend the Polyclinic in Chenies-st., where lectures and demonstrations are given on four afternoons a week. The fee for membership is ito/to/- for three months, or it5/15/- for six months, and during the time one's ticket lasts the member has the right to attend all the practice of these hospitals. It is certainly very interesting to learn soinething of the personality of many men whose names have been familiar for years ; but, if it is desired to do much solid work, it is probably better not to spread oneself too much over different hospitals. Most of the honoraries
—at the general hospitals especially—visit their wards in the af- ternoon : at Great Ormond-st., however, morning is the time when most of the work is done, and one learns much from such men as Still. Voelcker, Hutchison, Batten and Arbuth- not Lane.
In connection with the Polyclinic in Chenies-st., there are special classes (for which a fee of one or two guineas is paid) in numerous special departments, such as nervous diseases, graphic methods in cardiac diseases, surgical anatomy, etc. The number of these classes is gradually increasing, but three years ago they were not well attended, although the teaching was in the hands of able and well known men, who made their subjects very interesting.
• Other post-graduate centres in London are the West London Post-Graduate College ; the London School of Clinical 'Medi ,
cine (connected with the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich); and the North London Post-Graduate course at Tottenham.
At all these the work is confined to men who have graduated ; and they are well attended, but the writer has no personal knowledge of them.
In London there is abundance of clinical material, no lack of excellent teachers, and always a large number of gradu - ates willing to avail themselves of instruction. Though much has been done and is being done for post-graduate teaching, it seems to me that co-operation of the various post-graduate centres with head offices at some central place (such as the
at Chenies-st.) would be very helpful to the 'cause.
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 169
of post-graduate teaching, as \ v el 1 as to those strangers in London who are anxious to work and who wish to spend their time to the best advantage. The places mentioned above by no means comprise the whole list of post-graduate institu- tions ; and it is certainly difficult for the Australian to discover exactly the best method of filling his time during his stay in the great metropolis:
In Edinburgh post-graduate work has developed very much during the last few years ; and particularly to the man who has recently qualified, a month or two may he pleasantly spent there. The city and its surroundings are beautiful and his- torically interesting; excursions at week ends arc readily made and reveal some of the finest scenery to he seen anywhere; at the same time they need not materially interfere with one's classes. Above all, one is impressed by the friendliness and geniality of the professional and teaching element in Edin- burgh, and feels there more at home than probably anywhere out of Australia. At the end. of July there is a series of classes lasting a fortnight, and including 'a special course on diseases of children by the staff of the Hospital for Sick Chil- dren, a course of lectures by Dr. Ballantvne on Antenatal Pa- thology, one by Dr. Berry Hart on Modern Methods in Ob- stetric Practice, and another by Dr. Cramer on the Physiology of Digestion, of Metabolism and of Nutrition. •
During the whole of August there is a course of Internal Medicine lasting from 9 to 6 daily—the work including med- ical applied anatomy, bacteriological and blood examination, examination of the nervous system, of digestive products and urine, and a course on the recent graphic methods of examina- tion of the heart. All these are of a practical kind, and there are also daily hospital clinics at the fine Royal Infirmary, and a series of demonstrations in pulmonary tuberculosis at the well-known Royal Victoria Hospital for Consumption.
August and September are the vacation months in Edin- burgh ; and at this time the University laboratories and hos- pital wards are not occupied by students, so that postgradu- ates have the place to themselves. During September the Work comprises a so-called general course, a surgical course
(surgical anatomy, surgical pathology—demonstrations and histological methods—and operative surgery), and numerous special classes comprising most of the special subjects useful for post-graduates. One's time during the whole of these Months is fully occupied, and to cover a large field in a short sPace of time there are few better places for graduates. The attendance at the classes is large, but not usually too large for
individual attention, and one is interested in rubbing shoul- ders with medicos from almost all parts of the globe.
Glasgow and Dublin also afford facilities for post-graduate work during the summer vacation, and one Melbourne grad- uate whom I met was well satisfied with the work at the latter place.
If it were not for the inconvenience of living and learning in a city where one knows little or nothing of the language, it is probable that more of our men would visit Continental medical centres, where methods differ more from ours than they do in the United Kingdom. Americans, however, are much in evidence abroad, and the influence of these travelled medical men on American medical practice is evident in their journals and text books. Probably nowhere is post-graduate teaching more thoroughly organised than in Berlin, where good work has been done by a body of English speaking grad- uates called the Anglo-American Medical Association, with its headquarters at a bookstore or library centrally situated in Friedrichstasse. Regular meetings are held every Saturday evening at a well-known cafe in the same street, and there are daily informal meetings from 12 to 2 daily at another easily accessible cafe. Here a table is reserved for lunch for mem- bers of the association, and an English speaking waiter is at other times ready to afford information to those who desire it.
In addition to a president, vice-president, and secretary of the Association, there is what is called an orientation commit- tee, each member of which (19 in all) has a special depart- ment of post-graduate work allotted to him ; for example : Haematology, Gynazcology, Radiology, Surgery, etc.; so that anyone may apply to that member of the committee who is in charge of the subject for any information he may want in re- gard to it.
A yearly booklet is published which is full of information regarding the Association and post-graduate teaching. It gives a list of some of the courses available for graduates (there are Boo of these courses altogether) under the headings of the various special departments, and in each case specifies the name of the teacher, the subject, day and time of meeting.
the fee payable (usually £2 to £5 per course) and whether the instructor speaks English. Fresh courses begin usually each month and last through the month; and the number of stud- ents attending the class is as a rule 4 to 8. The instructors in- clude some of the best known medical men in the German capital (Bier, Baginsky, Oppenheim, Ziehen, Cohnheim, Landau, Grawitz, Pick, etc.). For a month or two while one
December, 1912. THE SPECULUM. 171 is acquiring the language, and this is readily done at one's pension, it is possible to get classes in English ; and at the end of two months one may begin to attend those. in German with a fair prospect of being able to understand a good deal of what is going on.
A similar organisation is in force in Vienna, which is LO,;( --;
a great post-graduate school, and largely attended by Ameri- cans. Osler in an article contributed to a Handbook of Foreign Clinical Study, says that if a man is going into general prac- tice, Vienna still offers the best opportunity for classes of in- struction in the special branches ; at the same time he empha- sises a fact that concerns others than those who intend to trave l, viz., the necessity of a knowledge of French and Ger- man if one desires to reach the higher ranks of the profession.
Many Australians during the past few years have bec.inne familiar with the work—especially in the surgical clinics---at Baltimore, Chicago, New York, etc. For post-graduate study probably the best opportunities are afforded by the John Hop- kins Hospital at Baltimore. When post-graduate work was first begun there it was confined to two months during the Year, and was of a somewhat elementary character. Lately, however, the post-graduate work has been of a more advanced kind, and goes on throughout the year. At the same time courses similar to those given to medical undergraduates are obtainable by those who may want them. The list of subjects taught is a very complete one, and usually the whole ground is covered three times in a year, each course taking from two to three months. The fees in America are higher than those on the Continent, as is also the cost of living.
In order to co-operate in all matters connected with post- graduate medical teaching, there was formed lately an Inter- national Association for such teaching, with its headquarters in Berlin. One of its objects was to collect all available infor- mation on the various matters connected with the subject and Presumably to make this knowledge available generally.
So far it has not been possible to do a great deal of post- graduate teaching in our own medical centre, although occa- sional classes have been held from time to time ; and from per- , s9nal knowledge I can say that some of these are in no way
inferior to similar classes held elsewhere. The attendance at these courses shows that there is a real demand for post-grad- uate instruction on the part of suburban and city practitioners, and I believe that if suitable arrangements could be made there Would be a good response on the part of country practitioners for, say, a fortnight's continuous course. Such a course would
comprise laboratory demonstrations and practical classes at the University, clinical demonstrations at the general and special hospitals, and attendance at the ordinary ward work and out-patient departments of both places. It would be ad- visable for such a series of lectures and demonstrations to take place in vacation time, and some self-sacrifice would be demanded from the teachers and demonstrators. Still, a small beginning might be made of a course that would in time grow into something much larger and that would give medical men living away from the city an opportunity of getting into touch with up-to-date methods of diagnosing and treating disease.
" Speculum Records."
The Committee of the M.S.S. has decided to obtain, if pos- sible, a complete series of all copies of the " Speculum .' that have been issued. The intention is that the copies shall be bound and preserved in the Medical School Library, and that in future a complete record of publications of the " Speculum"
will be kept.
The value and interest of such a record of the learning, the wit, and the activities of our Medical School must appeal to all in whom an interest is not extinct.
There are many numbers still missing from the series, and of those that have been obtained, some are not in a good condi- tion. The Committee therefore make appeal to any Old Boys or others, who can assist, to do what is possible to help to make the series complete.
The issues wanted are Numbers 1-19, 22, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 5 1 , 5 2, 54, 58, 72, 73.
On behalf of the Committee,
THE EDITOR.
The " Expert "
You never heard of Homey ! Say, stranger, you're in luck ! He's the miserablest piffler that I know.
Which the same's a common estimate by those who don't hold truck
With a man who makes our game a cheapjack show.
