Studies on carotenoid metabolism : being a thesis submitted to the University of New Zealand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

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S�tJ D IES

0

^{OAR Of}

lE�ABOLIS

D1

.,. De'Diai'CIIIIlVlt ua.sees Agr1oultauuJ. og,a,o\j�

• •• • •

1ng a

�eis Subm:i.ttecl to the IJni__.. .... ,...

in Partial Ful.:.f1llrlmt

o-r

the Requ1l"Qmfmto

ror Who

Dc.Ba-ee

of

Doctor

or

lbilorll'rll!u"•

NOVEitbJr

19S7

g,ruo]l:;S

O!t fHE \BILIZi�ION

OF rA.RlNlERtJ...Li

N:J, m,� C!.RCfl'ENOIOO.

IN'll�Ior:

CIIAP'lER 1. The

eftocrt of

the� on

the ian �

1n,tn�'VCilCUBl3

aclm1niotered aq oue

diopore

ot: teoo to vit&mt.n 1

1n the

8

�t. 18

OlW:'l'i.R Il. &tudleo cm _{the te �}

aonvera1on of intm�

a&4niG ^·

aqueous

diGpOJ:"slons

ot carotene

� t8D1n

A 1n the rat

Md. rabbit

x.

The eft'Gct of te hepa.teotazu

and evioOonlticm.,

CJU� Ill. Fl.lrtlwr

studies

an the

site �

canwroion of

intravencual,y

administorod aq cti.

roions

�

_oazootene

to vi

_A

in the

rat.

II.

The o:t'foot of removal of t

� and c1.ooapi

^taU en.

CIJIJ1l'ER IV. Studion

on

_tbe

&a vi t£9

OOM7CZ"Glon

� oaroten6 to vitamln

A 1n

t1 troe1 the rat, gulnoa pig

and ^....... y

Cl�

V

• A t�

of

^saoo factm-e

ai'lrecWu:t:

the

util.izat1on

of .�;

tcmlJ.3

edr:dAi sterod rutUOOUG

Qie s1ana

o£ oarotcne

to

_{vi tam1n A.}

CHAP.r.EH V _Further otWJ.e

on tho cfi'oot

^of

tooophel'Ol. on the

uttUooUan ot

intrevonouoJ..y

lldmin1stcrcd q

41operoiono

of oorotone.

101

VII.

ibe utUi.zation o£ aqueous

diq>eroiorul

^of ooroteno

by gu1n£a .t'�tO

tw.d oo.rotone e.nd vitamin A

by l.a.otetin[; goats. 116

CliAPl'ER VIII. h

utUtzat1on

^ot

int

wnow:U...Y

adminiatorod CXll'Otene

run �i� �

rat

a.nU coo.ts. 1-'0

W'.rm zx. In�tine

Bt.CI:m:"J

to

SeGUcn I.

�ION U A STUDY OF FAC'.rom AFFEC'lllC TI

Vr.rA!.UN

A �iCY OF laut Fill ^•

lth

PartiCl1.l..clr Retercnco

to

^F'ac'tors

�

tho 1n the Vitamin

_A

tenqy

of ll Ze&l.---tnd t.U.lk

Felt.

x. A l.l'l'"VqV

of tho aba.nBco ooaurr:S.na

1n the lewlo

of

vnrioua blood L •

and mS.ll: fat conotl tuonte in

g&'W"dng

!TelV' I�

over

tho r.1

and OtDI!Q"

CIW� XI. Studteo an tbe ut1lioot1on

of oarotooo

_trcm SUfiiDQr

posturo and

1

� aradlio oil by tlll

^{oa:r. 192}

ClltAPl'ER xn. The influanoo a£ variouo nutritional _1Ucrtioro OD

the

ut.Uimtian ot' �ene

o4cin1aterod oml.l3 to

^to.

:J• '?.

vitoml.n

A omtent

of the

blooc1 ..,._.&XID U.vor of

pertial.q

Gof1o1ont t

IQI:IIOn:a

tJ:on:ti.ng the un1fol'mity of vitamin

_A ester, relati

to vitanin

A alcohol,

1n

the bl.Goi �

pal'titllJ3

�ent

rats at

vor1.ou8 lnterwl.o attcr

�kiD ot liXJ pa of carotene 1n

5.'ho

eft'eot

ot

ti\vi'OI.4 activlt.Y

^an

the �

of CQI'Otene

to vita.r:d.n

A

24 h

after intrn'VOOCW'J

:tion

of

eoo ae an QqufJO an .t.n ^:�Cell

to

rnt partie.l.J3

Jeftciont 1n vitamin

A.

1'he ct:reot of

ttwm activity

^Oft t oon ,

of carotene to

vitom1.n A 2ft. h after 1ntro.�GW3 adml.nl t:Lcm _of OOI"'

tene

^an oqt&OOUO cU.o an 1n to p� _dofto1ent

1n

v.ltam:ln A . The eftcO't _o'E

the t! yro1d

CID

tho

reml

an

ot

l�Slq)htM.lmlo.

and en wetgj:\t

J.ncreasee in

_rat

�

1ntmvenous

lnjeoticn

of oaroteno

an aqueo d1

on 1n

'ii'Jecn.

6.

o£ oaroteno ani vJ. tam.1.n A alcohol in the _blood

of po.rtiolly

Oeficient

hepatecstomi

nnd

�

^aooro

ted rate

attor

intra-

� injootion

Twoon dispersions af COS'Ot ^•

7.

or mroteno ana. vitamin

A alcohol 1n

the bl.ocd of

�tectcmized rabbits

after int

�l18 injectiGn

^ot Trleen di ^ona of OElZ"'

tene

.

8. Appeart.\rlce

of carotene

and v1

_{tam1n A}

1n

_{the blood}

and U

wre

of'

pneumoneot

anizod and

ao�i

tatocl.

rat

S

_min

after J.n.jootton of

_CUI'Oteno

in

_'1\�cn.

Pezi\as1an ot'

tbo

1ntact tl&l'tiaJ.l.y cleftoJ.ent t

'With

¹

di a£ carotene

^{aa vitomin}

A

alodlol

in pbsGiological.

oal.in0 ror

vary�

periods

up

to ,.. h.

1

Per1\lslcn

of 1oolated organs

from po.rtial.l3 aee.t.alent rats th TwQ U1 ona or _{OUA•J at} of

oaroteno in p}\yoi�ical

tor

1'8.1Yina pert.odB

\4)

to 4

11.

Poft\lo1cn

of 1oola�

o.rga.no from

partla1J3

dcftcl.ont

rata

td th _Twocn

U!operoionc

or c:suu:.uuotDU

of vitmUn A

aloobol 1n r:>l\Y olOflica,l

ooJJ.ne

for

var.v1ne pcriodn

⁾ to 4

1

li!""";U.·• uo· CID

thl'aJ8b the

l\l!lOll

ot the

lntest:J.no o£

the

deftc1

rat botb &n Y!!9

th di of

;;��� Vf 1

^A

fl.J.ocilol

snd reti.nono 1n

�.wa1• or with of oarotcne

or

�:•.n

A alcohol

in sallne.

13.

IncJJbatian o£ _t1

olioeo W'll U

from xartiall3

det1aient

rats \11th

�.

Yi tomln A 8loohol. rctioono in Tween, mxl th cai'Oten ^· V1tom1n A

cobol in

^on

form t"or fl'an 2

to 4

1 aboppcd mt intestine

,...,.._..., n1

th

^cal'Otene £U¥l

..... u,..L ...

A oohol

one &M �

ancrm..ona tor vadoua intervals up

to 16

1S.

auoeo

rux1 t �mate

8Q.DCU

pigs

Two ditme:l"'d.cono arxl of _OQI'O

tene

and vitam:Ln A elcclbol in

pl\ysiologi<Xll. far � poriado to 24

16.

IDO'I.Illaticln

of blo

^the

rat, � pig

unu:sp wJ.

th

_�

p1-epamtion

ot OGrOtono .liWOijLft A aloohol tor J.>Erioda to

16 h.

17. :tela

and 1n canbf.natlon,

inteot.1nal

te. to

dalliiDIUI�to i �on

of true v.t.tamln

A alcohol DJ1d 1

^ta

'lrOUatographic

t1 fi'all

Oild.OaUon

produot

s

ot' cnrotone

m1.ch 1nter:tere

th the &.ntlllm\Y

tridlloridD reaot1

21. ot

CBI"'to

id.

�ta and

_{Vi tam1n}

A ln the 'blAod. 11� oi'

rota

pal"U all.Y c1et1o1 in vi toad.n

A flftor

the intra: injootiao

_�

the

pigr.xm�

^e.o n

ciispcll'B:ILOillS.

•

Levela

of tooapberol 1n rat

_tiSSlJD

at

_wrious

t.1roo 1ntcrvala

the intraw lnjootlon ot

_nq

die ;eroione

o£ 0( 171 oootate

�1 '

� et'fOGt

of prolJ.mlnary

^• B1nW.

cus or

qucnt

1ntrawnotaD inJootionG

at an o.q

aia:5POlrai on of 'X• ryl

^{coo :te}

in

^J.

on

run blood l.evola of vi tomin 1'l t'�

�[.JLeno

slmtl.arly ooaw:r:xLJLJn:lrao�ea..

/.rtmiONmlC)f) of carotcno

an1 vitamin

A in 'Gbola t

^G at tine intOl'Vals attar

the

lntravawue

injeot!on

of on aqueous di l'\l1CID

106

carotene

in 107

25.

^{teno and}

vltamin

A

1n the

blDOCl

' gulooa p1,aa after lntra�tKID of

aqwou.G di

I"Bions _of 00&"0

UUUmti.on of

_di

epers1orle of

^carotene

and Vitamin A aloohol aw paJ.mltate ln.jeot.ed in

OUt.1l3

into lactatine eoat

1

Z'/.

26.

ut5ltmUon cl

di

^of _�

et t.amt.n A oloobo1 wxl

,PQlm1

^tate

tn.;Jeotod d1reotl3 into

t ti of

the gland of

� f1XX

Etroct o1' 1rrtra o&JiniotrntiCJD of eo.al cne

of vitom.t.n _A

palm1tnto,

v.ltamln A sloohol am

m

to

_mt

pt.rt1al.J3

deftciont in vitomin

29. .Lavels

ot � vltom.in A

1n

tho blood

milk

fbt

af'ter �VQDOW') aullii.IIJWlOII'Q

to

^a

gce.t of

o. OJrOtono Clf'\'!alaion.

,'!0. �of Ofli"'tone, mnthqiwllo ard cblo�U

af'ter �

with acotano ar¥1

�

QO li.&.lmailw.

1

of � after McliOB to

dri

gftU90,

blendlna

^. th o.oetono and

chriOIOO�tC)f�)JW�

Clll magnesia and u. .... ,� ...

)2. 1'ho

ef.feot of V&l"::ow.1 t"wJtars cm

the of

� and Vitomin _,

.. in the

_blood

plnam

U o1' mto

panie.lJ3 oient 1n v!tomln b 'tar doe.ln8 oralJ.s

^with caa"Otene.

123

1

1T/

b

Ofteot Of f, ecparateJ3 r.Ye.lli'OSS.

1.ot

<\VWl1dO and high qyaniw v.b1 te olowr

arxi � � cyan1do the Ql)'""'t ... 1'\Yiftf'V'�

ot � and vltQIUin A 1n

tho blood

j,M.U� a.rd

U'VOI'

_{o£ roto}

partinlJ3

deficient

1n fttamin

'lhe et ot: � a�oQmiimiJnU.liatereu

� a."ld

1nmu in

on

_the plAsma vitamin _A

alcohol. tmd OGtor lewls � Stocto-color\Y t

th l101'mlll am

high

tamtn 1� li"Nr

2t0

1

1

^•

G-rowth of oompletel_y deficient

rats _after

1nJoction of � ciispendona

o¥ various

O&I"'teno

. t1onah1p

bet\\'0 blood

levels of toeophcrol.

at the

time of carotene

inJection

an4 tho

quantity of Vitamin

A

appearing in the

11-ver Of tho l'O.t

24

h .lA

•

}.

Cbn.nge e 1n the 1 ls of various oonsti tusnt

s.

in tho milk

tat of earls- ana. lat v:t.ng, pasture-fed

ot:r.1 bom

earls spring to late

mmmor.

Change 1n

^{the levels} of

vo.r.louo

_CIOJU)

t1

_a

in tho blood

_plA

ot: early-

and la

ving, pae�uro-ted fi'om ear.£3 :1rine to late

Slll!lller.

Cbonges 1n tbe levels

of vnriou.o

ture

oonet1Wel1ts

t�t

the seaoon.

Eft'eot or � oa.roteno

intake and ot:

.: ,lemonting with

_carotene

1n

_araab.1s oil an _the

level

_o1'

carotene• xant.h.opb.yll,

Vi tMd.n A alcohol and

eato.r in milk tat.

1

1

1. IJ.lustratlng the tedmique ot

lung

roernmlf.Ll.a