• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

The AALITRA Review

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "The AALITRA Review"

Copied!
10
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

The AALITRA Review

A JOURNAL OF LITERARY TRANSLATION No. 8, June 2014

Website: http://aalitra.org.au

Works by Zhong Zhang and Kaku Aizawa Elise Foxworth et al.

To cite this Article:

Elise Foxworth et al., “Works by Zhong Zhang and Kaku Aizawa”, The AALITRA Review: A Journal of Literary Translation, No.8 (Melbourne: Monash University, 2014), pp.46-54.

Published by MONASH UNIVERSITY

© Monash University 2014

(2)

!"#$%&'(&)*"+,&)*-+,&-+.&/-$0&123-4-

!"#$%&#'()*+,*-./01*.2.-.314*.55.*670084*59!:.077*

;<.3.=>154*3.31-/*!.-.<.2<14*2<.51*!/61.24*

.>7?.5@0.*A.>-704*.00.5*A.>-70*#$)*

3/51B97*A.0@

>()*+,*7>127*C/?A/0!<

>#*!"D+(*9$EF("%E',

!G(* HIJK*!"#$%&#'()$* !"#$%$#'()$* %,LMD%ENL* M"DFE)()* 'G(* DMMD"'N$E',* 'D* E$FE'(*

OGD$P*OG#$P4*#*'GE")*P($("#'ED$*+(#%,)"(-*-D"(#$*MD('*E$*:#M#$*#&D$P*QE'G*'"#$%&#R 'D"4*(%%#,E%'*#$)*MD('*-#SN*.ET#Q#*'D*.N%'"#&E#U**.%*QE'G*LD%'*-D"(#$*E$'(&&(V'N#&%*

E$*:#M#$4*OGD$P*OG#$P*VD$V(EF(%*DW*GEL%(&W*#%*%ELM&,*X-D"(#$Y4*#$)4*E$*'GE%*$D$M#"R WLVDQVWDQFHKHKDVVDFUL¿FHGDQDWLRQDOLW\WRUHDI¿UPWKHRQJRLQJUHOHYDQFHRIWKH UHXQL¿FDWLRQRIWKH.RUHDQSHQLQVXOD+DYLQJDVWDWHOHVV.RUHDQSRHWDVRXUJXHVW M"DFE)()*N%*QE'G*VDN$'&(%%*E$%EPG'%*E$'D*'G(*(ZM("E($V(*#$)*#%ME"#'ED$%*DW*-D"(#$%*

LQ-DSDQ0U$L]DZD¶VSUHVHQFHFRPSOHPHQWHG=KRQJ=KDQJ¶V$SDFL¿VWDQGDOO\

DW*#&&*QGD*%NWW("4*GE%*VDLM#%%ED$#'(*#VNL($4*L#$EW(%'*E$*GE%*Q"E'E$P%4*Q#%*([N#&&,*

E$%ME"E$PU

!"#$%&#'ED$*E%*P($("#&&,*#*%D&E'#",*#WW#E"\*GDQ(F("4*D$*'GE%*DVV#%ED$*E'*Q#%*#*

VD&&#+D"#'EF(*(WWD"'U*!G(*QD"SE$P*M#"',*Q#%*$D'*D$&,*#+&(*'D*VD$%N&'*QE'G*(#VG*D'G("4*

+N'4*LD"(*ELMD"'#$'&,4*Q(*Q("(*#+&(*'D*VD$%N&'*QE'G*'G(*Q"E'("%*'G(L%(&F(%U*!G(*VD&R

&#+D"#'EF(*M"DV(%%*Q#%*(Z'"(L(&,*P"#'EW,E$P*#%*Q(*M&#V()*#*M"(LENL*D$*VD$%($%N%U*

9$%N"M"E%E$P&,4*DN"*E$'("M"('#'ED$%*DW*'G(*MD('",*D"*M"D%(*E$*[N(%'ED$*)EWW("()*PEFE$P*

"E%(*'D*E$R)(M'G*)E%VN%%ED$%*]*Q(*DW'($*%M($'*DF("*'GE"',*LE$N'(%*)E%VN%%E$P*'G(*%NE'R

#+E&E',*DW*D$(*D"*#$D'G("*QD")*]*#$)4*'D*DN"*V"()E'4*Q(*%'"#'(PET()*'DP('G("4*#'*(F(",*

'N"$4*N$'E&*Q(*WDN$)*VD$%($%N%U*7#VG*VD$'"E+N'D"*+"DNPG'*#*)EWW("($'*%SE&&*%('^*%DL(*

G#)*#*P"(#'("*VDLL#$)*DW*:#M#$(%(*QGE&(*D'G("%*G#)*#*P"(#'("*VDLL#$)*DW*7$P&E%G\*

%DL(*Q("(*L#V"DR&(F(&*'GE$S("%4*QGE&(*D'G("%*Q("(*LEV"DR&(F(&*'GE$S("%U*_(''E$P*'D*

NQRZWKHZULWHUVDQGEHLQJDEOHWRGLVFXVVWKHLUZRUNZLWKWKHPLQWHQVL¿HGRXUFRPR LE'L($'*'D*M"(VE%ED$*#$)*'G(*&D$P("*Q(*QD"S()*'DP('G("*'G(*V&D%("*DN"*VD$$(V'ED$%*

+(V#L(U**

5(()&(%%*'D*%#,4*'"#$%&#'E$P*MD('",*E%*#*M#"'EVN&#"&,*VG#&&($PE$P*LE%%ED$*PEF($*

'G(*#(%'G('EV4*%,L+D&EV*#$)*"G,'GLEV*[N#&E'E(%*DW*'G(*&E'("#",*#"'U*OGD$P*OG#$P*#$)*

.DNX$L]DZDDUHERWKFUDIWVPHQRIWKHKLJKHVWRUGHUDQGZHKRSHWKH¿QDOWUDQVODR 'ED$%*)D*'G(L*`N%'EV(*E$*%NLLD$E$P*'G(*(LD'EF(*"(%MD$%(%*'G(E"*QD"S%*(FDS(*E$*'G(*

D"EPE$#&*:#M#$(%(U

(3)

᪂ࡋࡁࠕࢧ࣒ࣛࠖࡢࡇ࡜ 5HGH¿QLQJ!"#"$

O</5_*O<.5_

ࡇࡢᩘᖺ᮶ࠊ⚾ࡣᮾ኱㜰࡛⏕ᴗࡢ㣧㣗 ᗑࢆႠࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡢᮍ᮶ࢆ⪃

࠼ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ࡝࠺ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸⤯ᮃ ឤ࡟ࡉ࠸࡞ࡲࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡘ࡜リ

ࢆࡘࡴ࠸࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

̿ࠉࡇࡢඛࡶᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡀᅾ᪥ྠ⬊࡜ࡋ

࡚ࠊࠉࡇࡢิᓥࡢᆅ࡛ᅾࡾࡘ࡙ࡅࡿࡓ

ࡵ࡟ࡣ୍య࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠉ̿

⊦㣫㔝ࡢᮾࡣࡎࢀࡢࠊࡲࡿ࡛Ὕ❍ࡢࡼ

࠺࡞ႚⲔᗑࡢཔᡣ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⣴

࡟࡜ࡾࡃࡴ࠺ࡕ࡟ࠊ⚾ࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ୍⦷

ࡢගࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᚤ࠿࡞⤖ㄽࢆ

ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

̿ࠉࢃࢀࢃࢀᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࡼࡾ

࡝ࡇࢁ࡜࡞ࡾᚓࡿ⮬❧ࡋࡓࠕࢧ࣒ࣛࡽ

ࡋࡉࠖࢆࡇࡢิᓥࡢᆅ࡟ᡴࡕ❧࡚ࡡࡤ

ࡽ࡞࠸ࠉ̿

⚾ࡣ⮬ศࡢᏑᅾࢆࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕᅾ᪥ࢧࣛ

࣒ࠖ࡜⮬⛠ࡍࡿࠋ᪥ᮏᅜࡢእᅜேⓏ㘓 ἲୖࠊ≉ูỌఫ㈨᱁⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࡑ ࡢࠕᅜ⡠➼ࠖࡢḍ࡟ࠕᮅ㩭ࠖࢆグࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ⚾ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞࿧ࡧ᪉࡟࡞ࡽ࠼ࡤ ࠕᅾ᪥ᮅ㩭ே࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕᅾ᪥ࢥࣜ࢔

࡛ࣥࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡽࡢ࿧⛠࡟

ࡼࡾࠊ⚾ࡢ⮬ᕫᏑᅾࡢᨻ἞ⓗ❧ሙࡸẸ ᪘ⓗ❧ሙࢆ⾲ࡋษࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ

ྰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࡡ࡚࠿ࡽ࡝࠺ࡶࡋࡗࡃࡾ

ࡏࡎࠊࡋࡔ࠸࡟≀㊊ࡾ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺᝿࠸

ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ࠸ࡗࡑ᪂ࡋ࠸࿧⛠ࢆ࡜⪃

࠼ࠊࡑ࠺⮬⛠ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕࢧ࣒ࣛࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠕ㌂⧢ࠖࡢ᪥ᮏ ㄒ⾲グ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㏻ࡣࠕࡦ࡜ࠖ࡜࠸࠺

ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ

⮬ᕫᏑᅾࡢᐜࢀ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬Ẹ᪘ㄒࡢ

᪥ᮏㄒ⾲グ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢࠕࢧ࣒ࣛࠖ࡜࠸

࠺ㄒࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋ

⚾ࡣᨻ἞ⓗ࡟࡝ࡢᅜᐙ࡟ࡶᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞

࠸↓ᅜ⡠ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠺ࡽⱝࡆ࡞஧༑ṓࡢ᫬ศࠊ୍ேࡢ᪥ᮏ

CD"* %DL(* 'EL(* $DQ* 1aF(* +(($* "N$$E$P* #************

VDWW((*%GDM*E$*<EP#%GE*/%#S#U*/F("*'G(*,(#"%*

1aF(*+(($*VD$%E)("E$P*'G(*WN'N"(*DW*L,*W(&&DQ*

.#($(-/(* -D"(#$%J* #$)* #PD$ETE$P* DF("* GDQ*

+&(#S*E'*&DDS%4*#&&*'G(*QGE&(*M#E$%'#SE$P&,*VDLR MD%E$P*MD('",U*

AG#'* #"(* Q(*.#($(-/(* -D"(#$%* 'D* )D4*

#%*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%4*E$*D")("*'D*%N"FEF(*D$*'GE%*

#"VGEM(&#PDb

1* P"#MM&(* QE'G* 'G(%(* LN%E$P%* +(GE$)*

'G(*VDN$'("*DW*L,*VDWW((*%GDM4*D$*'G(*DN'%SE"'%*

DW*7#%'("$*1S#E$D4*#%*EW*($%VD$V()*E$*#*V#F(U*.'*

&D$P*&#%'4*&ES(*#*"#,*DW*&EPG'4*#*MD%%E+&(*%D&N'ED$*

(L("P()U

A(*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%*G#F(*'D*V"(#'(*#**

)E%V"('(*c%#"#01*dM("%D$e*E)($'E',*G("(*D$*'GE%******************

#"VGEM(&#PDU

1* DW'($* V#&&* L,%(&W*.#($(-/(* %#"#0U* 1*

G#F(* %M(VE#&* M("L#$($'* "(%E)($V,* N$)("* 'G(*

.&E($* 0(PE%'"#'ED$* >#Q* DW* :#M#$4* #$)* L,******

QDWLRQDOLW\RQOHJDOGRFXPHQWVLVFODVVL¿HGDV

&KǀVHQMLQDQDWLRQDORIWKHSUHYLRXVO\XQL¿HG -D"(#eUH* _($("#&&,* %M(#SE$P4* 'G(* )(%EP$#'()*

'("L*]DLQLFKL&KǀVHQMLQ*V#$*LE%'#S($&,*ELM&,*

'G#'*D$(*E%*X5D"'GY*-D"(#$4*QG("(#%4*E$*W#V'4*

WD"*L#$,*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%*&ES(*L(4*E'*%GDN&)*

)(%EP$#'(* 'G#'* D$(* E%* %ELM&,* -D"(#$4* $(E'G("*

DI¿OLDWHGZLWKWKH6RXWKRU1RUWK7KHUHIRUH 'GE%*'("L*)D(%*$D'*#VVN"#'(&,*"(M"(%($'*(E'G("*

P\SROLWLFDODI¿OLDWLRQRUHWKQLFVWDWXV

!G(*'("L*%#"#0*E%*'G(*:#M#$(%(*'"#$%R

&E'("#'ED$* DW* 'G(* E$)EP($DN%* -D"(#$* QD")4*

QGEVG*P($("#&&,*'"#$%&#'(%*#%*XM("%D$YU*1*VGD%(*

'GE%*QD")*X%#"#0Y*]*'G(*:#M#$(%(*'"#$%&E'("#R 'ED$*DW*L,*('G$EV*-D"(#$*&#$PN#P(*]*#%*#*"(R MD%E'D",*WD"*L,*DQ$*E)($'E',U

=D&E'EV#&&,4*1*)D*$D'*+(&D$P*'D*#$,*$#R 'ED$\*1*#L*#*%'#'(&(%%*XM("%D$YU*

.%* #* $#fF(* 'Q($',R,(#"RD&)* 1* W(&&* E$*

&DF(* QE'G* #* :#M#$(%(* PE"&U* .'* 'G#'* 'EL(* 1* N$R )("Q($'* #* V"E%E%* DW* %ME"E'* #$)* [N(%'ED$()* (FR (",'GE$P* E$V&N)E$P* L,* %'#'(&(%%* )(%EP$#'ED$U*

(4)

ே࡜ࡢᜊឡࢆᶵ࡟⢭⚄ࡢ༴ᶵ࡟ぢ⯙ࢃ

ࢀࡓ⚾ࡀࡑࡢᚋࠊ↓ᅜ⡠ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬

ぬ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡢࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊ⮬ศࡀ ᣢࡘࠕᮅ㩭ᅜ⡠ࠖࡢࠕᮅ㩭ࠖࢆࠊ୍஑

ᅄඵᖺ┦ḟ࠸࡛ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ༡໭୧ᨻᗓ࡟

࠶ࡢ༙ᓥࡀศ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢࠊ୍ࡘࡢ ࠕᮅ㩭ࠖࡔ࡜ࡍࡿᨻ἞ⓗ❧ሙࡀࡿ࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾᚓࡓࡢࡶࠊࡦ࡜࠼࡟ࠊ࠶

ࡢ࠺ࡽⱝࡁ⢭⚄ࡢ༴ᶵ࠿ࡽ⬺ࡅฟࡑ࠺

࡜ࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡀ㈎ࡿࡼ࠺࡟

ㄞࡳ࠶ࡉࡗࡓᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ᩥᏛࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

໭࡛ࡶ༡࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓྠ᫬࡟໭࡛ࡶ

༡࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡑࡢࠕᮅ㩭ࠖ⡠

ࡣࠊᮅ㩭⡠ࡢ∗ぶ࡜㡑ᅜ⡠ࡢẕぶ࡜ࡢ 㛫࡟⏕ࡲࢀࠊࡋ࠿ࡶẸ᪘ⓗ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ

࡟࠾⢒ᮎ࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡺ࠼࡟

༡໭࡝ࡕࡽࡢᨻ἞⤌⧊࠿ࡽࡶࡲࡗࡓࡃ

␯㐲ࡔࡗࡓ⚾ࡀࠊ࠶ࡢ⢭⚄ࡢ༴ᶵ࠿ࡽ

⬺ࡅฟࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ࢧ࣒ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢୡ

⏺ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚ࡺࡁ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ࡟㐪࿴

ឤ࡞ࡃ⮬↛࡟㑅ࡧᚓࡓᨻ἞ⓗ❧ሙ࡛࠶

ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ

ࠕᅾ᪥ࠖ࡜ࡣࡴࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢิᓥ࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿᨻ἞ⓗ❧ሙࢆ⾲ࡍㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡀ⚾

ࡓࡕᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤẸ᪘ⓗ❧ሙ ࡢពࢆࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࠖ࡜⮬⛠ࡍ

ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶࠕᅾ᪥ࠖࡢඛ㥑⪅

࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ≉ᶒⓗ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ

࠺ࡔࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࠕᅾ᪥ࠖࡣ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤᅾ

᪥⳹ேࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊᅾ᪥ࣈࣛࢪࣝேࡶ࠸

ࡿ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕᅾ᪥ࠖࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅾ᪥

እᅜேࡢࡓࡵ࡟࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁᚋ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࡎ

࡞ࡢࡔࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡣࠕᅾ᪥㡑ᅜ㸬ᮅ㩭ேࠖ࡜

࠸࠺࿧⛠࡟ᐇ࡟ࡼࡃ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮

⏤ࠊࡘࡲࡾẸ᪘ศ᩿ࡢṔྐ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ

࡞࠸ࠋ

࠶ࡢ༙ᓥࡢᨻ἞ⓗศ᩿ࡀࠊࡇࡢิᓥ࡟

ࡲ࡛Ἴཬࡋࠊ⚾ࡓࡕᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡢᨻ἞ⓗ

❧ሙࡶศ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠶ࡢ༙ᓥࡢศ᩿ࡢ ⱞࡋࡳࡣࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡇࡢิᓥࡢᅾ᪥ྠ⬊

ࡢⱞࡋࡳ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚷࡲࢃࡋࡁศ

᩿ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓᨻ἞ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᚷ㑊

ࡸᢠ࠸ࡢ᝿࠸ࡀࠊẸ᪘ⓗ❧ሙࡔࡅ࡛࡞

ࡃᨻ἞ⓗ❧ሙࡢពࢆྵࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿࡑࡢࠕ㡑ᅜ㸬ᮅ㩭ࠖࡢ㒊ศࢆ࠾ࡢࡎ

࡜┬␎ࡉࡏࠊࡘࡲࡾࡣᮏ᮶Ẹ᪘ⓗព࿡

ࢆఱࡽ⾲ࡍࡣࡎࡢ࡞࠸ࠕᅾ᪥ࠖ࡜࠸࠺

1'*Q#%*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$*&E'("#'N"(4*QGEVG*1*)(R FDN"()* 'G"DNPGDN'* 'GE%* M("ED)4* 'G#'* ($#+&()*

L(*'D*(Z'"EV#'(*L,%(&W*W"DL*L,*V"E%E%*DW*E)($R 'E',U*1*"(#&ET()*'G#'*'G(*&KǀVHQ%'#'N%*QGEVG*1*

Q#%* #%%EP$()4* E$* W#V'4* "(W("%* 'D* 'G(* M"(RJghi*

1RUWK6RXWKXQL¿HG.RUHDQSHQLQVXOD,QGHHG

&KǀVHQVLJQL¿HG WKLV VLQJOH SROLWLFDO HQWLW\

-D"(#4*#%*)E%'E$V'*W"DL*X5D"'G*-D"(#Y*#%*E'*E%*

VDLLD$&,*LE%N$)("%'DD)*E$*:#M#$U**

&KǀVHQ* QGEVG* )D(%* $D'* L(#$* (E'G("*

5D"'G* D"* 2DN'G* -D"(#* +N'* %ELN&'#$(DN%&,*

L(#$%*2)'/* 5D"'G* #$)* 2DN'G* -D"(#4* Q#%* #***

QDWXUDODQG¿WWLQJFKRLFHRISROLWLFDODI¿OLDWLRQ WD"* L(U* 6D"$* 'D* #* W#'G("* QE'G*&KǀVHQ%'#'N%*

#$)* #* LD'G("* QE'G* 2DN'G* -D"(#$* $#'ED$#&ER ',4* 1* Q#%* "#E%()* QE'G* &E''&(* VD$$(V'ED$* 'D* L,*

.RUHDQ HWKQLFLW\ DQG ZDV QRW DI¿OLDWHG ZLWK (E'G("*M"DR5D"'G*D"*M"DR2DN'G*MD&E'EV#&*D"P#$ER T#'ED$%U*!GN%*1*Q#%*W"((*W"DL*#$*(LD'ED$#&*#'R '#VGL($'*'D*D$(*D"*D'G("*c%E)(a*DW*'G(*)EFE)(U*1*

&EF()*E$*'G(*QD"&)*#%*#*$(Q*3#"#0U*!GE%*3#"#0*

E)($'E',*Q#%*#$*E$(FE'#+&(*#$)*QGD&&,*$#'N"#&*

%(&W*)('("LE$()*MD&E'EV#&*LD)(*DW*+(E$P*WD"*L(U

!G(* '("L* .#($(-/(* d&E'("#&&,* :#M#$R***

"(%E)($'e*N$)($E#+&,*"(W("%*'D*DN"*MD&E'EV#&*%'#R 'N%*D$*'GE%*#"VGEM(&#PDUK*<DQ(F("4*Q(*.#($(-/(*

-D"(#$%*N%(*'G(*'("L*X45676896Y*'D*"(W("*'D*

DN"*('G$EV*%'#'N%U*1'*QDN&)*%((L*'G#'*Q(*G#F(*

(ZV&N%EF(&,*#MM"DM"E#'()*'G(*'("L*.#($(-/(*+N'4*

E$*#V'N#&*W#V'4*.#($(-/(*"(W("%*$D'*D$&,*'D*-D"(R

#$*"(%E)($'%*E$*:#M#$*+N'*#&%D*'D*.#($(-/(*;GER

$(%(4*.#($(-/(* 6"#TE&E#$%* #$)* #&&* WD"(EP$* "(%ER )($'%*E$*:#M#$U

5(F("'G(&(%%4* 'G("(* E%* #* "(#R

%D$* QG,* Q(* .#($(-/(* -D"(#$%* G#F(*

G#)* 'D* "(W("* 'D* DN"%(&F(%* `N%'* #%* 45676:

896 EHFDXVH XVH RI WKH RI¿FLDO ODEHOV X=DLQLFKL .DQNRNX&KǀVHQMLQYh* (L+D)E(%*

'G(* GE%'D"EV#&&,* ELMD%()* ('G$EV* )EFE%ED$U*

!G(*MD&E'EV#&*)EFE%ED$*DW*'G(*M($E$%N&#*

%M"(#)*#V"D%%*'D*'G(*#"VGEM(&#PD4*L#$EW(%'E$P*

E'%(&W*D$*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%U*!G(*M#E$*'G#'*M#"'ER 'ED$*+"DNPG'*'D*'G(*M($E$%N&#*Q#%*%G#"()*+,*N%*

RQWKHDUFKLSHODJR2XUQHHGWRHYDGHDQG¿JKW 'G(* MD&E'EV#&* )(%EP$#'ED$%* P($("#'()* +,* 'GE%*

#+GD""($'* )EFE%ED$4* $#'N"#&&,* &()* 'D* 'G(* )"DMR ME$P4*+,*%DL(4*DW*X.DQNRNX&KǀVHQMLQY*W"DL*

'G(*'("L*.#($(-/(*)N(*'D*'G(*(ZM&EVE'*('G$EV*#$)*

MD&E'EV#&*VD$$D'#'ED$%*E$G("($'*E$*'G(*'("L%U*1$*

D'G("*QD")%4*Q(*V#L(*'D*"(W("*'D*DN"%(&F(%*#%*

48 Elise Foxworth et al.

(5)

㒊ศ࡟Ẹ᪘ⓗ❧ሙࡢព࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠕ

⤫୍ࠖ࡬ࡢ㢪࠸ࡲ࡛ࢆࡶᙉࡃྵࡵ࡚ࠊ ࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࠖ࡜⮬⛠ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ

ࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࠖࡶࠊ༙ୡ⣖࡟

ரࡿ᫬௦࡜ୡ௦ࢆ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ࠊ࠶

ࡽࡺࡿ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㢼໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗ ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ≉࡟༙ୡ⣖௨ୖ࡟

ࡶரࡿࠕ᪥㸬㡑㸬ᮅࠖࡢ୕ࡘ࡝ࡶ࠼ࡢ ᚷࡲࢃࡋࡁ㛵ಀࡢࡣࡊࡲ࡛ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀ

ᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡀࠊၿࡁ࡟ࡘࡅᝏࡋࡁ࡟ࡘ ࡅࠊࡑࢀࡽ୕᪉࠸ࡎࢀ࠿࡟ྰᛂ࡞ࡃࡶ

ᚑᒓࡉࡏࡽࢀࠊ࠸࠿࡟᣺ࡾᅇࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆࠊᅾ᪥୕ୡ࡛࠶ࡿ⚾࡛ࡍࡽࡶ

㔜࠸ᐇឤ࡜ࡋ࡚ཝࡋࡃᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡉࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿ᫖௒࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

౛࠼ࡤࠊ஧ࠐࠐࠐᖺࠊ࠶ࡢ༙ᓥ࡛ࡢ༡

໭㤳⬻఍ㄯࠊࡑࡋ࡚஧ࠐࠐ஧ᖺࡢ㡑᪥

㹕ᮼ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡢ࠸࠿

࡟ከࡃࡢ⪅ࡀㅖᡭࢆୖࡆ࡚Ḽ႐ࡋࡓࡇ

࡜ࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊᖹተ࡛ࡢᮅ

᪥㤳⬻఍ㄯ࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢᮅ⡿ࡢᑐヰࡢ୰

࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ໭ඹ࿴ᅜࡢᢼ⮴≢⨥

ࡸ᰾㛤Ⓨࡢ஦ᐇ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀᅾ᪥

ྠ⬊ࡀ࠸࠿࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢲ࣓࣮ࢪࢆㄳࡅ㈇

ࢃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

࠿ࠋ

ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡇࡢิᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛

ᗄᗘ࡜࡞ࡃ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࠊ௒࡞࠾⧞ࡾᗈ ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠕ᪥㸬㡑㸬ᮅࠖࡢࡇࡢ⹫ࡋࡁ Ⲕ␒๻ࡢ๻ሙ࠿ࡽࢃࢀࢃࢀᅾ᪥ྠ⬊ࡀ

୍้ࡶ᪩ࡃ⬺ࡅฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡢ༙

ᓥࡢศ᩿ᨻ἞ࡸࡇࡢิᓥࡢᨻ἞࡜୍⥺

ࢆ⏬ࡃࡋࡓࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬❧

ࡋࡓ❧ሙࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟☜❧ࡍࡿ௨እ࡟᪉ἲ ࡣ↓࠸ࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ໭ඹ࿴ᅜ࡛

ࡶ༡㡑ᅜ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏᅜ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠕࢨ࢖ࢽ ࢳࠖࡢࡑࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓ❧ሙࡇࡑࡀࠊࢃࢀ

ࢃࢀࡢࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㄂ࡾࠖࢆಖ ࡕࡘࡘࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ༙ᓥࡢ⤫୍࡟ᐤ୚

ࡋᚓࡿ၏୍ࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࡢิᓥ ࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࡢ⤯ᮃࠖࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ஌ࡾ

㉺࠼࡚ࡺࡃࡑࡢᮍ᮶࡬ࡢࠊ၏୍ࡢᅾࡾ

᪉࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡣ᫖௒ࠊࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝿࠸࡟࡜ࡾࡘ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡸࡲ࡞

࠸ࠋ

ࡓࡔ⚾ࡣỴࡋ࡚ᨻ἞ᐙ࡛ࡶࠊ⤌⧊ࡢ⪅

࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡀࡾ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡶࡦ࡜ࡾࡢリ

ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

456768964* '#SE$P* 'G(* $(N'"#&* :#M#$(%(* '("L*

.#($(-/(4*)(FDE)*DW*('G$EV*ELM&EV#'ED$%4*#MM"DR M"E#'E$P*E'*'D*%EP$EW,*$D'*D$&,*DN"*('G$EV*%'#'N%4*

EXWDOVRRXUGHVLUHIRUXQL¿FDWLRQ

9$WD"'N$#'(&,4* GDQ(F("4* D$(* V#$$D'*

)($,*'G#'*DN"*'("L*45676896*G#%*+(VDL(*Q#R '("()*)DQ$*E$*F#"EDN%*Q#,%*DF("*'G(*&#%'*G#&W*

V($'N",*#$)*'G"DNPG*'G(*M#%%E$P*DW*P($("#'ED$%U*

;#NPG'* +('Q(($* 'G(* #$'#PD$E%'EV* "(&#'ED$%GEM*

DW*:#M#$4*'G(*0/-*#$)*'G(*@=0-*WD"*DF("*G#&W*

#*V($'N",4*WD"*+(''("*D"*WD"*QD"%(4*Q(*.#($(-/(*

G#F(*+(($*WD"V()*'D*#&EP$*DN"%(&F(%*QE'G*D$(*

DW*'G(*'G"((*%'#'(%U*7F($*14*#*'GE")*P($("#'ED$*

.#($(-/(4*#L*#VN'(&,*#$)*M#E$WN&&,*#Q#"(*DW*'G(*

Q#,*E$*QGEVG*Q(*G#F(*+(($*L#$EMN&#'()U*

CD"* (Z#LM&(4* %D* L#$,* DW* N%* E$* 'G(*

.#($(-/(* -D"(#$* VDLLN$E',* Q("(* DF("`D,()*

+,*'G(*1$'("R-D"(#$*2NLLE'*DW*HIII*#$)*'G(*

-D"(#R:#M#$*AD"&)* ;NM* DW* HIIHU*!G($* $(Q%*

DW* 5D"'G* -D"(#$* $NV&(#"* )(F(&DML($'* #$)*

V"EL(%*DW*#+)NV'ED$*V#L(*'D*&EPG'*E$*'G(*5D"'G*

-D"(#$R:#M#$*2NLLE'*E$*=,D$P,#$P*#$)*%N+R

%([N($'*5D"'G*-D"(#$R92*'#&S%\*'G(*&#''("*G#F(*

G#)*)(F(%'#'E$P*VD$%([N($V(%*WD"*'G(*.#($(-/(*

VDLLN$E',U*

!GE%* %($%(&(%%* W#"V(* G#%* +(($* "(M(#'R ()*VDN$'&(%%*'EL(%*#$)*VD$'E$N(%*'D*+(*M&#,()*

DN'*+('Q(($*:#M#$*#$)*'G(*'QD*-D"(#%U*2N"(R

&,4* 'G("(* E%* $D* D'G("* L(#$%* WD"* N%* 'D* (%V#M(*

'GE%*W#"V(*G("(*D$*'GE%*#"VGEM(&#PD4*'G#$*'D*"(R*******

(%'#+&E%G* #$* E$)(M($)($'* MD%E'ED$* #%*45676:

896*)EFD"V()*W"DL*'G(*MD&E'EV#&*)EFE)(*DW*'G(*

M($E$%N&#*#$)*MD&E'EVSE$P*D$*'G(*#"VGEM(&#PDU*

1'*E%*M"(VE%(&,*'GE%*E$)(M($)($'*%'#$V(*#%*4567:

6896ZKLFKLVQRWDI¿OLDWHGZLWKWKH-DSDQHVH

%'#'(4*'G(*@=0-*D"*'G(*0/-*'G#'*($#+&(%*N%*'D*

FRQWULEXWHWRWKHXQL¿FDWLRQRIWKHSHQLQVXOD QGE&(* L#E$'#E$E$P* DN"* M"E)(* #%*45676896U* 1'*

E%*#&%D*'G(*D$&,*(ZM"(%%ED$*DW*DN"*E)($'E',*'G#'*

#&&DQ%*N%*'D*LDF(*WD"Q#")*#$)*DF("VDL(*'G(*

W((&E$P%* DW* GDM(&(%%$(%%* #LD$P%'*45676896*

D$* 'GE%* #"VGEM(&#PDU* * !G(%(* #"(* 'G(* 'GDNPG'%*

'G#'*VD$'E$N#&&,*M&#PN(*L(U

<DQ(F("4*1*#L*$D'*#*MD&E'EV#&*L#$4*$D"*

DP,DI¿OLDWHGZLWKDQ\SROLWLFDORUJDQL]DWLRQ 1*#L*L("(&,*#*%D&E'#",*MD('U

5DQ4* QG($* VN""($'* MD&E'EV#&*************************

E$%'E'N'ED$%* G#F(* &D%'* 'G(E"* "D&(* #%* #$VGD"%* DW*

'G(*45676896* VDLLN$E',4* D$(* VDN&)* #"PN(*

'G#'*Q(*Q"E'("%*G#F(*'G(*)N',*'D*%'(M*NM*#$)*)D*

Redefining Saram 49

(6)

᪤Ꮡࡢᨻ἞ࡸ⤌⧊ࡀࠊࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࡢࡼࡾ

࡝ࡇࢁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢຊࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ௒ࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡟௦ࢃࡿࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࡢࡼ

ࡾ࡝ࡇࢁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᩥ໬ࠖࢆఱ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛

ࡶᡴࡕ❧࡚ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡑࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞㔜ࡁ㈐ົࢆࠊᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚❧ࡘ

ࢃࢀࢃࢀᩥேࡣ⫼㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ゝ

࠼ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢᨻ἞ᐙ࡛

ࡶ࡞ࡃ⤌⧊ࡢ⪅࡛ࡶ࡞࠸⚾ࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛

◁⢏ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃᑠࡉ࡞リே࡜ࡋ

࡚ࠊࡲࡓ࡜ࡘ࡜࡜ࡘ࡜ࠊリࢆ᭩ࡁࡘ࡙

ࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢᆅୖ࡟ࡲࡗࡓࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ࠕ ࢧ࣒ࣛࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆ⠏ࡁୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠋ

QG#'(F("*E'*'#S(%*'D*V"(#'(*VN&'N"#&*WDN$)#'ED$%*

WD"*#*45676896*E)($'E',U*.$)*14*+(E$P*$(E'G("*

#*MD&E'EVE#$*$D"*#*L(L+("*DW*#$,*MD&E'EV#&*D"R P#$ET#'ED$4*V#$*D$&,*VD$'E$N(*'D*Q"E'(*L,*MDR (L%4*(F($*'GDNPG*'G(,*#"(*D$&,*'E$,*)"DM%*E$*

'G(*DV(#$U*

1$*%GD"'4*'GE%*E%*L,*MN"MD%(*]*'D*+NE&)*

#$*($'E"(&,*$(Q*%#"#0*E)($'E',U 50 Elise Foxworth et al.

5D'(%^

J**!G(*'("L*]DLQLFKL.RUHDQV"(W("%*'D*-D"(#$%4*QGD%(*M"(%($V(*E$*:#M#$*E%*#*"(%N&'*DW*:#M#$a%*VD&D$E%#'ED$DW*

'G(*-D"(#$*M($E$%N&#*dJgJIRJghje*#%*DMMD%()*'D*$(QRVDL("*-D"(#$%U

H***1$*(WW(V'4*'GE%*)D(%*$D'*VD$%'E'N'(*#*$#'ED$#&E',*#%*'G(*$#'ED$*%'#'(*&KǀVHQ*D"*-D"(#*$D*&D$P("*(ZE%'%U*!GN%4*

'G(*%'#'N%*"($)("%*OGD$P*OG#$P*#$)*D'G("*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%*E$*:#M#$*QGD*G#F(*$D'*#)DM'()*(E'G("*:#M#$(%(*D"*

2DN'G*-D"(#$*$#'ED$#&E',*%'#'(&(%%U

K***!G(*#N'GD"*MN"MD%(WN&&,*L#$EMN&#'(%*'G(*"($)("E$P*DW*'G(*QD")*X.#($(-/(Y*E$*GE%*'(Z'U*<(*N%(%*:#M#$(%(*

d;GE$(%(e*E)(DP"#L%*ࠕᅾ᪥ࠖ'D*)(%EP$#'(*E'%*VDLLD$*L(#$E$P*X:#M#$R"(%E)($'Y*+N'*N%(%*#*)EWW("($'*MGD$('R EV*%V"EM'*ࠕࢨ࢖ࢽࢳࠖ'D*%NPP(%'*#$D'G("*L(#$E$P4*QGEVG*G(*(&#+D"#'(%*D$*E$*'G(*'(Z'U*!G(*'"#$%&#'D"%*)(VE)()*

'D*"($)("*'G(*'("L%*.#($(-/(*#$)*45676896*"(%M(V'EF(&,U

h***=DLQLFKL.DQNRNXMLQ*"(W("%*'D*'GD%(*QGD*G#F(*#)DM'()*2DN'G*-D"(#$*$#'ED$#&E',*#$)*=DLQLFKL&KǀVHQMLQ*

"(W("%*'D*'GD%(*QGD*G#F(*(E'G("*#&EP$()*'G(L%(&F(%*QE'G*5D"'G*-D"(#*#$)kD"*'GD%(*QGD*G#F(*"(WN%()*'D*#&EP$*

'G(L%(&F(%*QE'G*(E'G("*5D"'G*D"*2DN'G*-D"(#4*WD"*QGDL*'G(*QD")*&KǀVHQVLJQL¿HVWKHIRUPHUO\XQL¿HG.RUHD 3D%'*:#M#$(%(*LE%'#S($&,*#%%NL(*E'*D$&,*"(W("%*'D*M"DR5D"'G*.#($(-/(*-D"(#$%4*QGD*#%ME"(*'D*+(*$#'ED$#&%*DW*

'G(*@(LDV"#'EV*=(DM&(a%*0(MN+&EV*DW*-D"(#;

(7)

ᅾ᪥ࢧ࣒࣐ࣛࣝ )-2+25*2&6-#-7&8-9:

O</5_*O<.5_

l2#"#L*L(#$E$P*cM("%D$a*E$*-D"(#$

ᅾ᪥ࢧ࣒ࣛࡢゝⴥࠉࡑࢀࡣ

ࡅࡗࡋ࡚ᖐࡾࡼ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸ࠉ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜

࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶ฿㐩ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࠉ࣐࡛࢘ࣜࣝ

ࡘࡴࡂࡔࡉࢀࡿ

᪂ࡋ࠸ゝⴥ

᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛࡞ࡃ

᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽࡣࡳࡔࡋ࡚࠸࡚

᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡶ

ᤊ࠼ࡁࢀ࡞࠸

ࢧ࣒ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ

࣐࡛࢘ࣜࣝࡶ࣐࡛࢘ࣜࣝ࡞࠸

ࢧ࣒ࣛࡢ࣐࢘ࣜࣝࡣ

࣐࢘ࣜࣝࢆ㧗ࡃ࡟ぢୖࡆ ࡣࡿ࠿㐲ࡃ࡟ᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡪࢇ

పࡃ࡜㏆࠸

㊊ඖࡢ᰿῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽ

ⱆ⏕࠼⫱ࡕࡺࡃ ᪂ࡋ࠸ኚ␗✀

ࡓ࡜࠼㓶ࡃ࡜ࡶᣋ࡞ࡃ࡚

᰿ᙉ࠸࣐࢘ࣜࣝ

᪥ᮏㄒࡢ

! ࠉ㨣Ꮚ

! ࠉࠉࡢ࣐࢘ࣜࣝ

ࡑࢀࡇࡑ

ࠉࢧ࣒࣐ࣛࣝࡔ

!G(*QD")%*DW*'G(*.#($(-/(*3#"#0 5D*"('N"$*'D** * :#M#$(%(

5D*#)F#$V(*'D*** -D"(#$

/N'*DW*'G(%(

.*$(Q*&#$PN#P(*E%*V"#W'()

:#M#$(%(*,('*$D'*:#M#$(%(

6"(#SE$P*#Q#,*W"DL*:#M#$(%(

9$#+&(*'D*+(*V#M'N"()*

E$*:#M#$(%(*

!G(*:#M#$(%(*DW*'G(*3#"#0

-D"(#$*,('*$D'*-D"(#$

!G(*-D"(#$*DW*'G(*3#"#0

>DQ&,*,('*W#LE&E#"*

2(''E$P*%EPG'%*D$*'G(*ME$$#V&(4*-D"(#$*

.%ME"#'ED$%*W"DL*#*)E%'#$V(

.*$(Q*G,+"E)*

(FD&F()*W"DL*#*%(()&E$P*

QE'G*"DD'%*W"DL*#W#"

<DQ(F("*N$#''"#V'EF(*#$)*V&NL%,*

/N"*-D"(#$*E%*$(F("'G(&(%%*E$P"#E$()

(8)

ࠉ㯲ࡗ࡚࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸

ࠉ㯲ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡶ

ࠉࡇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢิᓥࡸ

ࠉ࠶ࡢ࣐࢘ࣜࣝࡢ༙ᓥࡸࡽ࠿ࡽ

ࠉᚓయࡢ▱ࢀࡠᙉ኱࡞ຊ࡝ࡶࡢᡭ ࠉࢧ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡍࡤࡸࡃఙࡧ࡚ࡁ࡚

ࠉࡄࡋࡷࡾ

ࠉᥱࡾࡘࡪࡉࢀࡿ࠿

ࠉᙼࡽࡢࡩ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛

ࠉࡲࢇࡲ࡜

ࠉᘬࡁࡎࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺

ࠉࢧ࣒ࣛࡽࡋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵ

ࠉᑐᓖࡋᢠ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ

ࠉࢧ࣒࣐ࣛࣝࡇࡑ ࠉຊࡔ

ࠉࡘࡴࡂࡔࡏ

!G(*+#%'#")*VGE&)*

* * * * *

*

DW*:#M#$(%(

* * * * *

*

DW*-D"(#$

!GE%*E%*3#"#0*L#&4*DN"*FDEV(

2E&($V(*E%*$D'*#$*DM'ED$

CD"*E$*%E&($V(4

'G(*MDQ("WN&4*E$%V"N'#+&(*G#$)%*DW 'G(*&#$PN#P(%*DW*:#M#$*#$)*-D"(#

QDN&)*)(%V($)*'D*V"N%G*DN"*3#"#0*

D"*%Q((M*E'*#Q#,**

%LD'G("E$P*E'*E$*E'%*($'E"(',

!D*&EF(*#%*3#"#0

A(*V#$*"(%E%'*#$)*VD$W"D$'*

/N"*FDEV(4*3#"#0*L#&

E%*DN"*MDQ("

.Q#S($*

52 Elise Foxworth et al.

(9)

ᆅ㟈ࡢᅜ࠿ࡽ༡ࡢᓥࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡬ ! 7RWKH&KLOGUHQRIWKH6RXWK3DFL¿F,VODQGV

;#"7&<*=&>-+.&";&?-#<*@0-$=%

.1O.A.*-.-9 ឡἑ㠉

Ꮫᰯᖐࡾ࡟ᶓ㐨࡬

㏞㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㊰ᆅ࡟ࡶ

∵ࡸ㇜ࡸ㭜ࡀ࠸࡚ࡶᖹẼ࡛

ࢃࡽࢃࡽ࡜࠶ࡩࢀฟࡓࡁࡳࡓࡕ

༙ୡ⣖๓࡟᪥ᮏࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡔࡗࡓࡰࡃࡶ

௒ࡢࡁࡳࡓࡕ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟

ゎᨺࡉࢀࡓ༗ᚋࡢ᪥ᕪࡋࡢୗࢆ

཭ࡔࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㥑ࡅᢤࡅࡓẼࡀࡍࡿ

ࡑࡢࡇࢁࡰࡃࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

࠿ࡘ࡚᪥ᮏ㌷ࡢරኈ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ

ࡰࡃࡽࡢ∗ࡸ♽∗ࡓࡕࡀ

ࡁࡳࡓࡕࡢᓥ࡟ᨷࡵධࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ

ࠕ᱈ኴ㑻ࡢ㨣㏥἞ࠖࢆᆅ࡛⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡟

㏫ࡽ࠺ᝏ㨣ࢆ࡞ࡂಽࡍࡣࡎࡀ

ࡁࡳࡓࡕࡢ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇࡸ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇࢆ

࠶ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶࡇࡕࡽ࡛ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇẅࡋࡓ

᪥ᮏ㌷ࡶ᪥ᮏᅜᐙࡶ

ࡑࡢேࡧ࡜ࡢྡࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡢᩘࡉ࠼

୍ᗘࡶࡓࡋ࠿ࡵ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ

࠶ࡸࡲࡾࡶࡏࡎ▱ࡽࢇ࡫ࡾࡋ࡚

භ༑ᖺࡶ୐༑ᖺࡶᨺࡗࡓࡽ࠿ࡋࡔ

⪥࡟③࠸ᛅ࿌࡟ࡣ

ぢࡊࡿ࣭⪺࠿ࡊࡿ࣭ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆỴࡵ㎸ࡳ

᭱㏆ࡶཎⓎ஦ᨾࢆ㜵ࡆ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

ࢁࡃ࡛࡞ࡋࡢࡇࡢᅜ࡟ࡣ

ࡰࡃࡽࡶࡶࡣࡸᘬᑟࢆΏࡋ ᛶ᰿ࢆࡓࡓࡁ┤ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡘࡶࡾࡔ

⹢ẅࢆࡃࡄࡗ࡚ᖾ࠸࡟⏕ࡁṧࡗࡓ

;GE&)"($*Q(#FE$P*'G"DNPG*+#VS%'"(('%

D$*'G(E"*Q#,*GDL(*W"DL*%VGDD&

)DQ$*L#T(R&ES(*&#$(%

N$W#T()*+,*'G(*VDQ%4*MEP%*#$)*VGEVS($%U 8DN*VGE&)"($4*`D%'&E$P*#$)*M&#,E$P4 1*Q#%*`N%'*&ES(*,DN

G#&W*#*V($'N",*#PD4*#*VGE&)*E$*:#M#$4 )#%GE$P*'G"DNPG*'G(*%'"(('%*QE'G*W"E($)%*

N$)("*'G(*&E+("#'E$P*#W'("$DD$*%N$&EPG'U .'*'G(*'EL(*1*)E)$a'*S$DQ

'G#'*DN"*W#'G("%*#$)*P"#$)W#'G("%4*'G($*%D&)E("%4*

E$F#)()*,DN"*E%&#$)%U*

.%*E$*3DLD'#"Da%*&(P($)#",*'#&(*

'G(,*Q("(*L(#$'*'D*)(W(#'*(FE&*FE&&#E$%*E$*)E%'#$'

***&#$)%4*

+N'*E$%'(#)*SE&&()*,DN"*P"#$)W#'G("%*#$)*P"#$)

***LD'G("%*

'G"DNPGDN'*,DN"*GDL(&#$)%

5(E'G("*'G(*:#M#$(%(*%'#'(*$D"*E'%*#"L,*

G#%*(F("*VD$%E)("()*'G(*$NL+("4*

&('*#&D$(*'G(*$#L(%4*DW*'G(*M(DM&(*'G(,*SE&&()U 5D*#MD&DPE(%4*$D*"(VDP$E'ED$U

CD"*%(F($',*,(#"%4*`N%'*VDLM&#V($V,U 0(WN%#&*'D*%((4*G(#"4*D"*%M(#S

'G(*N$%(''&E$P*'"N'GU

A(*LN%'*)(&EF("*'GE%*%G#L(WN&*$#'ED$

'G#'*W#E&()*'D*M"(F($'*'G(*"(V($'*$NV&(#"*)E%#%'("

E'%*&#%'*"E'(%*#$)*"()((L*DN"%(&F(%U

(10)

ࡁࡳࡓࡕࡢ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇࡸ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇࢆ

኱஦࡟ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࠉࡰࡃࡽࡢᏊࡓࡕ࡟ࡶ

ᾏࡸᒣࡸ㔛࡟⏕ࡁࡿேࡧ࡜ࢆ

∵ࡸ㇜ࡸ㭜ࢆࡶࡩࡃࡵ

኱஦࡟ࡏࡼ࡜ᩍ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ

;GE&)"($4*QGD%(*P"#$)LD'G("%*#$)*P"#$)W#'G("%

%DL(GDQ*(%V#M()*#$)*%N"FEF()*'G(*L#%%#V"(%4 '#S(*V#"(*DW*'G(LU*A(*'DD*LN%'*'(#VG*DN"*VGE&

***)"($*'G#'*(F(",*&EFE$P*+(E$P*]*

+,*'G(*DV(#$4*E$*'G(*LDN$'#E$%*D"*'G(*FE&&#P(%*

E$V&N)E$P*'G(*VDQ4*'G(*MEP*#$)*'G(*VGEVS($*]

E%*'D*+(*VG("E%G()U 54 Elise Foxworth et al.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

SAIP2012 Contribution ID:75 Type:Oral Presentation Radiation Shielding calculations using MCNPX transport code for cost optimization of the shielding material to be used at iThemba

ررقلما مسا تلالآا في ينوتركللإا مكحتلا زمرلا ارهك242 ةدمتعلما تاعاسلا 3 :فصولا اذه فصي رايتلا تاكرمح في مكحتلل ةردقلا تاينوتركلإ رئاود مادختسلا لماش فصو ىلع ررقلما ةفلتخلما