Syllabuses for Senior Year (Fourth Year) Courses
5. Bioenergy: Introduction, Biogas technology, Mechanism of biogas formation, Design of fixed dome biogas plant, Maintenance of biogas plant, Construction
material and cost of a family size fixed dome biogas plant; Types of biomass and their basic properties, Transformation of biomass energy, Biomass gasification process, Types of gasifier, Problems with gasification, Prospects and potential of
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biomass gasification, Biomass gasifier stove and its design, Applications of biomass, Technologies for utilization of biomass – examples, Economics of biomass, Trends in biomass energy utilization.
6. Other Non-conventional Systems: Geothermal Energy: Principles, Geothermal Resources, Electricity Production, Geothermal Technologies, Challenges, Economics; Fuel Cells; Transportation - hybrids, flexfuels, fuel cells; Hydrogen Energy: Basic properties of hydrogen, Technologies of hydrogen production, Fuel Cell – operating principle, main parts, properties and types, Chemical Energy Conversions, Fuel Cell Integration, Modeling of Fuel Cells, Control of Fuel Cells.
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N.B. (A student will have to answer at least 2 questions from PART-A and 2 questions from PART- B in the final exam)
Recommended Books
1. Schaeffer, John. 2007. Real Goods Solar Living Sourcebook: The Complete Guide to Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Living (30th anniversary edition). Gaiam.
2. Boyle, Godfrey. Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future, Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2012.
3. Bob Everett, Boyle, Godfrey, and Janet Ramage (eds.) 2004. Energy Systems and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press
4. Tester, et al. Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2nd Edition. MIT Press, 2012.
5. Aldo V. da Rosa, “Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes”, 2005, Academic Press.
6. Gilbert M. Masters, “Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems”, 2004, Wiley.
7. Bent Sorensen, “Renewable energy: its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy, and planning aspects” Elsevier Academic Press.
8. John Twidell, Tony Weir, Anthony D. Weir “Renewable Energy Resources”, Taylor & Francis.
9. John. A. Duiffie and Willium A. Beckman; Solar Engineering of Thermal Process, 3 edition, Wiley. . 10. K. Sukhatme, Suhas P. Sukhatme; Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage. Tata
McGraw-Hill Education.
Aims and objectives
There is an increasing recognition that physics can provide a very real - and very valuable - insight into the behavior of complex biological systems, and that a physical approach to biological problems can provide a new way of looking at the world. This course will introduce the students to the basics of biological systems, and then provide examples of how familiar physical principles (thermodynamics, statistical mechanics) underlie complex biological phenomena. This course will introduce the wonders of biology: the organisms, cells, and molecules that make up the living world. We will demonstrate the power of physical concepts to understand and make powerful predictions about biological systems, the motions of proteins to drive biological processes. The physical concepts will be substantially familiar, but their applications will be novel. Students will be taught how to interpret experimental observations of various biomedical systems by using their physics and mathematics knowledge and by applying problem solving skills. They will acquire new knowledge and skills that will be applicable to complex systems quite generally, not only in biomedicine. Where possible, examples will be drawn from the recent scientific literature.
The objective of this course are as follows:
1. To introduce the topic of biomedical physics, and to show how physical principles help one to understand the function of living systems at all levels of complexity - starting at the molecular, via the cellular, to the organ and system levels.
2. To introduce stability analysis of thermodynamically open systems.
3. To convey an appreciation that living systems are structures in time as much as structures in space.
4. To provide an introduction to coupled oscillatory processes characteristic of living systems.
5. To introduce some analytical techniques for analysis of data related to complex, oscillatory systems.
6. To introduce to key physical principles as applied to medical imaging and radiation therapy.
7. To develop basic understanding of medical physics concepts.
Learning outcomes
On completion successful students will be able to:
1. describe the building units of a living cell at an organelle level and in some cases at a molecular level and know about the functionality of these units.
2. understand basic atom and binding theory and can describe the electron configuration of simple molecules, and see this in connection to larger molecules such as proteins and amino acids.
3. explain the physical principles of the functioning of a cell, how cells make ensembles (tissues and organs), and how they interact within larger biological systems;
4. demonstrate an understanding of the structure of cells, and the major components within a cell and recognize that biological systems are far from equilibrium
PHY-409: Biophysics and Medical Physics
Theory: 30 Lectures Credit: 2 Physics Core Course Contact Hours: 30 Full Marks: 50 Pre-requisites: PHY-102, 207, 304, 306 Lectures: 2 (1 hour) sessions/week
5. explain DNA and DNA replication, as well as the role of RNA in the DNA translation and transcription.
6. apply their knowledge of physics and mathematics to the understanding of basic principles of living systems - starting from a cell to the cardiovascular system and the brain;
7. discuss the importance of diffusion, random walks, entropy and self-assembly in biological systems
8. describe electrical signals from cells and how electromagnetic signals are transmitted through biological tissue.
9. explain the basic characteristics of living systems as thermodynamically open systems and general physiological processes and how thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and electromagnetism may describe these processes.
10. explain the difference between imaging with ionising and non-ionising and describe the principles of a variety of biophysics and medical imaging concepts for each of the imaging modalities covered including NMR spectroscopy and optical microscopy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) and the basic principles of spectroscopic methods like UV-VIS, EPR and NMR/MRI.
11. compare and contrast the medical imaging techniques that are available in a hospital setting and explain their relative merits
12. understand the general principles of medical image reconstruction and registration and identify the key factors that affect image quality and address these factors for the different imaging modalities;
13. learn to communicate the physical principles behind medical technology, radiation safety, and relevant applications, radiation in the context of radiation dosimetry and risk
14. describe radioactivity, radiation doses, RBE, radiation quality, radiation weight factors, organ weight factors, the oxygen effect, Bq, Gy, Sv, sensing and therapeutic applications of physics in medicine and able to make simple calculations of radiation doses.
Section A: Biophysics
1. Properties and Structure of Macromolecules: Atomic and molecular forces; Stability and