CHAPTER 5
Figure 5.1 Lead Acid Battery
During charging time, the battery charges 70 percent within 5-8 hours; The remaining 30 percent are full and the payment process gradually takes another 7-10 hours. Charging is important for the quality of the battery and can be compared to a short break when the food is good. If it is removed, the battery will eventually lose its ability to fully charge and its performance will decrease due to sulfation. The charge on the water at the third level keeps the battery and charger fully charged.
Switching from level 1 to 2 appears to occur safely when the battery reaches a certain rated voltage. The current starts to drop as the battery starts to saturate, and full charge is obtained while the current is reduced to three percent of the current level. Batteries with high leaks may not be able to achieve current saturation at low, and a flat timer takes over the charging cycle.
The correct setting of the charger voltage is critical and ranges from 2.30 to 2.45V per cell.
Setting the voltage gate is a contraction, battery experts refer to this as "dancing on the needle head." On the one hand, the battery needs to be fully charged to achieve maximum capacity and avoid sulfation on the plate is not good; On the other hand, overheating conditions lead to corrosion grid on the plate and lead to gassing. To make the "dancing on the needle"
harder, the battery pack adjusts in temperature. Warmer environments require lower voltage thresholds and in colder climates prefer higher temperatures. The charger reveals that temperature changes should include a temperature sensor to adjust the charger voltage for
optimal charger performance. If this is not possible, it is better to choose a lower voltage for storage.
Once fully charged by saturation, the battery should not live at a voltage higher than 48 hours but should be reduced to the above-mentioned voltage level. This is especially important for closed systems because these systems are less likely to tolerate large-scale flooding.
Charging more than what the battery can irritate turns into useless energy hot when the battery starts to gas. The recommended surface temperature for most lead acid batteries is 2.25 to 2.27V / cell. (Large battery batteries float at 2.25V and 25 ° C (77 ° F.) Manufacturers recommend lowering the charge over water at a temperature above 29 ° C ( 85 ° F).
Many charged batteries are kept afloat. To reduce stress, a substance called hysteresis removes the current floating when the battery is fully charged. As the peak voltage fluctuates due to self-discharge, the occasional charge replenishes lost energy. Of course, batteries are only borrowed from time to time for a short period of time. This type works well for load- bearing installations when ready.
Lead acid batteries should always be kept in a charged state. An investment charge should be made every three months, at least, to prevent the voltage falling below 2V / cell.
5.3 Procedure of different stepsfor charging of GEL battery
Yes generally Gel charge ratio and typically the volt should be between 13.8 vdc to 14.8 vdc with current limiter equal to the decimal ratio of your battery.
Figure 5.2 Gel battery
1. The first step is a bulk charger, where up to 80% of the battery power is replaced by a high voltage and current amp level of the charger.
2. When the battery voltage reaches 14.4 volts this step starts the absorption charge. This is where the voltage is maintained at 14.4 volts permanently and the current (amps) goes down until the battery is 98% charged.
3. Next step Float. This is a controlled voltage that will not exceed 13.4 volts and is usually less than 1 amp current. This time will bring the battery 100% charged or close. The floating battery will not boil or heat the battery, but it will keep the battery 100% ready and prevent cycling during not working for a long time. Note: Some gel cells and AGM batteries may require special settings or a charger.
5.4 Procedure of different stepsfor charging of Lithium ION battery
The charging process of lithium ion battery is divided into two parts: the current charging system at voltage reduces the charging time. Excessive charging and discharge of lithium-ion batteries can cause permanent damage to both positive and negative electrodes. Excessive removal leads to the failure of the carbon dioxide system, and the failure may result in the introduction of lithium ions during charging; Excessive charge causes excessive lithium ions to form in the negative carbon system, and some lithium ions can no longer release it.
Figure 5.3 Lithium ION Battery
Lithium-ion batteries retain the best performance of charge and discharge path for shallow charger and shallow charger. Overall, 60% DOD is 2 to 4 times the life cycle below 100%
DOD.
Phase 1: Trickle Charge - Trickle charge is used to charge the battery. When the battery voltage is lower than about 3V, the battery is first charged with a constant current of up to 0.1C.
Phase 2: Constant Current Charging—when the battery voltage rises above the charger area, the charger current is increased for constant charging. Current values for chargers always range between 0.2C and 1.0C.
Phase 3: Constant Voltage Charging - When the battery voltage rises to 4.2V, the charger charges all the time off and the charger voltage process always starts. For best performance, the acceptance should be better than + 1%.
Stage 4: Charging Termination - Unlike nickel batteries, continuous Li-ion battery charging is not recommended. Ongoing charging can cause plate and lithium plate effects. This can lead to improper battery operation and the risk of accidental failure.