Results and Discussion
4.1.5 Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath
Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath differed significantly between them regarding varieties but except tillering stage cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath did not differ significantly regarding different seedling(s) number per hill. Interaction of these two factors had significant effect in cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath at tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stage but not in booting stage (Table 5 and Appendix VIII).
Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 was significantly influenced by variety at all stages of crop growth ((Table 5 and Appendix V III)).
Varietal effects on the Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 are shown in Table 4. Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 increased from tillering to flowering stage. At tillering stage, the highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (53.77gm) was measured from Heera2 (Vs). The second highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (49.06gm) was obtained from Aloron (V5) which was at par with Tia (V4). The lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (40.31gm) was obtained from BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2). At panicle initiation stage, the highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (251.4gm) area was obtained from BRRI dhan49 (V1 ) which was statistically similar with BRRI hybrid dhan2. The second highest cumulative dry a
matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (222.6 gm) was obtained from Heera2 (V3) which was at par with BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2). The lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (149.0 gm) was obtained from Tia (V.1) which was statistically identical with Aloron (V5). At booting stage, maximum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (521.7 gm) area was measured from BRRI dhan49 (V1). The second highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (313.3gm) was obtained from BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2) which was at par with Tia. The lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (189.3 gm) was obtained from Aloron (V5). At flowering stage, the highest cumulative dry matter weight of stern and leaf sheath per m2 (655.3gm) area was measured from BRRI - dhan49 (V1). The second highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf
sheath per m2 (468.1 gm) was obtained from Heera2 (V3) which was at par with Tia (V4) and BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2). The lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (303.9 gm) was obtained from Aloron (V5).
Except at tillering stage, cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per was not significantly influenced by the different number of seedlings per hill at panicle initiation, booting and flowering stage ((Table 5 and Appendix VIII)), At tillering stage, the highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (51.83 gm) area was obtained from 3 seedlings per hill. The second highest
V. cumulative thy matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per in2 (49.08 gm) was
59
obtained from 2 seedlings per hill. The lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (31.04 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill. At panicle initiation stage, numerically highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (212.85 gm) area was obtained from 3 seedlings per hill and lowest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per in2 (192.75 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill. At booting stage, numerically highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (323.1 gm) area was obtained from 3 seedlings per hill and lowest cumulative city matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (301.41 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill:At flowering stage, similar trend was found.
Except at booting stage, cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per was significantly influenced by the combination of varieties and number of seedlings per hill (Table 5). At tillering stage, the maximum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (69.48 gm) area was obtained from the combination of Heera2 with 3 seedlings per hill (V3S3). The second highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (64.10 gm) was obtained from the combination of Aloron with 2 seedlings per hill (V5S7) which was statistically similar with the combination of Tia with 2 seedlings per hill (V4S2). The minimum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per (26.45 gm) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with] seedling
— per hill (V1 S1 ) which was statistically similar with V1 S2, V1 S3 and V2S1 . At panicle
S
a
initiation stage, the maximum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per in2 (290.7 gm) area was obtained from the combination of BRRI
S
dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1S3)which was statistically identical with the combination of BRRI hybrid dhan2 with 2 seedlings per hill (V2S2). The minimum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (36.6 gm) was obtained from the combination of Tia with I seedling per hill (V4S1) which was statistically similar with V1S2, V.1S7, V5S1 and V5S3. At booting stage, numerically maximum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (559.8 gm) area was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1S3) and minimum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per (184.7 gm) was obtained from the combination of Moron with 2 seedling per hill
S (V5S2). At flowering, the maximum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (736.5 gm) area was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1S3) which was statistically identical with the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 2 seedlings per hill (V1S2). The second highest cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (543.3 gm) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 1 seedlings per hill (V1 S1) which was statistically similar with the combination ofV2S1, V2S2, V1 S1 and V3S1. The minimum cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf sheath per m2 (285.8 gm) was obtained from the combination of Aloron with 2 seedling per hill (V5S2) which was statistically similar with V5S1 and V5S3.
61
a
'S
TableS. Cumulative dry matter weight of stem and leaf seath of transplanted Aman rice as influenced by variety and seedling(s) number per hill
Dry matter
Dry matter 2
weight/in at Dry matter Dry matter Treatment weight/rn at 2 weight/m at 2 weight/rn 2 at
panicle initiation
uhlering stage(grn) booting stage flowering stage stage
Variety
V1 30.00 d 251.4 a 521.7 a 655.3 a
V2 40.31c 234.2ab 313.3b 461.5b
V3 53.77 a 222.6 b 253.5 e 468.1 b
V4 46.78 b 149.0 c 270.2 be 425.7 b
Vs 49.06 b 168.2 c 189.3 d 303.9 c
LSD(5%) 2.87 23.16 43.62 51.77
Seedling numbers hill"
S1 31.04c 192.75 301.41 441.2
S2 49.08 b 209.61 304.23 464.7
53 51.83 a 212.85 323.10 482.8
LSD (5%) 2.22 ns ns ns
Variety x Seedling numbers per hill
V1S1 26.45h 217.1cd 525.1 543.3b
V1S2 29.16gb 246.3 be 480.2 686.0 a
VS3 34.41 1gb 290.7 a 559.8 736.5 a
V2S1 30.11 1gb 201.0de 303.2 456.5 be
V2S2 44.09 e 243.7 be 315.2 492.9 be
V2S3 46.72 de 257.9 ab 321.5 435,2 c
V3S, 34.14£ 244.1 be 220.4 461.1 be
V3S2 57.69 e 227.2 bed 235.5 451.4 c
V353 69.48 a 196.6 de 304.5 491.7 be
V4S1 32.76 fg 136.6 g 280.7 434.3 c
V452 63.12b 153.9fg 305.6 407.3c
V4S3 44.45 e 156.4 fg 224.3 435.6 c
V5S1 31.74fg 164.9efg 177.6 311.0d
VsS2 51.34d 176.9ef 184.7 285.8d
V5S3 64.10b 162.7efg 205.4 315.0d
LSD (0.05) 4.97 40.12 ns 89.67
CV(%) 6.75 11.70 14.59 11.58
Note: V, = BRRI dhan49. V2= BRRI hybrid dhan2. V3 = Hera, V4= Tia, V5 = Moron, S= I seedling, Sz= 2seedlings, S= 3 seedlings
(Values followed by same letter(s) in a column do not differ by MSTAT range test)
S
62
4.1.6 Total dry matter production
Dry matter weight per m2 is the material which was dried to a constant weight.
Total dry matter (TDM) production indicates the production potential of a crop. A high TDM production is the first pre requisite for high yield. Data of TDM of leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and panicles of used varieties were measured at tillering, panicle initiation, booting and flowering and harvest stage. Total dry matter differed significantly between them regarding varieties but except booting stage seedling(s) numbers per hill (Table 6 and appendix IX) and interaction of these two factors had significant effect at all growth stages.
a Total dry matter weight per m2 was significantly influenced by variety at all stages of crop growth (Table 6 and appendix IX). Varietal effects on the Total dry matter weight per m2 are shown in Table 6. Total dry matter weight per m2 increased from tillering to flowering stage. At tillering stage, the highest total dry matter weight per m2 (91 .57 gm) was measured from Heera2 (V3). The second highest total dry matter weight per m2 (86.43 gm) was obtained from Aloron (V3). The lowest total dry matter weight per m2 (55.01 gin) was obtained from BRRI dhan49 (V1 ). At panicle initiation stage, the maximum total dry matter weight per in2 (416.5 gm) was obtained from BRRI dhan49 (Vi ) which was statistically similar with BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2). The second highest total dry matter weight per (375.3 gm) was obtained from Ucera2 (V3). The lowest total dry matter weight per
63
a.
-s
m2 (277.4 gm) was obtained from ha (V4) which was statistically at par with Aloron (V5). At booting stage. the highest total city matter weight per m2 (812.7 gm) was measured from BRRI dhan49 (V1 ). The second highest total dry, matter weight per rn2 (499.4 gm) was obtained from BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2) which was statistically identical with Tia (V4). The lowest total dry matter weight per m2 (309.3 gm) was obtained from Aloron (V5 ). Similar trend was obtained at flowering stage. This confirms the reports of Amin c/ at (2006) and Son ci al.
(1998) that total dry matter production differed due to varietal variation.
Dry matter production was significantly influenced by different seedling number per hill at all stage except booting stage (Table 6 and appendix TX). At tillering stage, the highest total dry matter weight per m2 (89.24 gm) was measured from 3 seedlings per hill. The second highest total dry matter weight per m2 (82.71 gm) was obtained from 2 seedlings per hill. The lowest total dry matter weight per m2 (56.8 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill. At particle initiation stage, the highest total dry matter weight per m (370.1 gm) was measured from 3 seedlings per hill which was statistically similar with 2 seedlings per hill. The lowest total dry matter weight per m2 (330.0 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill. At booting stage, numerically maximum total dry matter weight per ni2 (521.2 gm) was measured from 3 seedlings per hill and minimum (478.3 gm) from I seedling.
At flowering stage, the highest total dry matter weight per m2 (707.4 gm) was measured from 3 seedlings per hill which was statistically identical with 2
MI
seedlings per hill. The lowest total dry matter weight per m2 (641.2 gm) was obtained from I seedling per hill. The result was conformity with Miah ci al.
(2004), Obulamma et al. (2002) who observed significant increased in dry matter production with the increased seedlings number per hill.
Total dry matter production was significantly affected due to the interaction of variety and seedling per hill at tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stage but unaffected at booting stage (Table 6 and appendix IX). At tillering stage. the maximum total thy matter weight per m2 (111.9 gm) was obtained from the combination of Ileera2 with 3 seedlings per hill (V3S3) which was statistically at par with the combination of Aloron with 3 seedlings (V5S3). The second highest total dry matter weight per m2 (99.57 gm) was obtained from the combination of Tia with 2 seedlings per hill (V4S2). The minimum total dry matter weight per m 2 (45.56 gm) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with I seedling per hill (V1S1 ). At panicle initiation stage, the highest total dry matter weight per m2 (442.3 gin) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1 S3) which was statistically at par with the combination of BRRI hybrid dhan2 with 3 seedlings per hill (V2S3). The second highest total dry matter weight per m2 (416.4 gm) was obtained from the combination of BRRI hybrid dhan2 with 2 seedlings per hill (V2S2) which was statistically identical with V1 S2 and V3S1. The minimum total dry matter weight per m2 (256.7 gm) was obtained from the combination of Tia with I seedling per hill (V4S1 ) statistically e
A.
65
similar with V4S2, V4S3 and V5S1 . At booting stage, numerically maximum total dry matter weight per m2 (876.6 gm) was obtained from the combination of BRRI
S
dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1 S3) and minimum total dry matter weight per m2 (290.9 gm) was obtained from the combination of Aloron with I seedling per hill (V5S1). At flowering stage, the maximum total dry matter weight per (1086.0) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1 S3) which was statistically at par with the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 2 seedlings per hill (V1 S2). The second highest total city matter weight per in2 (841.4 gin) was obtained from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 1 seedlings per hill (V1 S1 ). The minimum total city matter weight per m2 (444.6) was obtained from the combination of Aloron with 2 seedling per hill (V5S2) which was a- statistically at par with the combination ofV5S3 and V5S3.
-e
S
a.
a
Table 6. Total dry matter weight of transplanted 4mw: rite as influenced by variety and seedling(s) number per hill
Dry matter - Dry matter Dry matter
weight/rn at 2 Dry inatterweight 2
weight/rn at weight/rn at 2
Treatment . /m 2
at parncle
tillering booting flowering
- initiation stage(g) -
stage(g) stage(g) stage(g)
Variety
V1 55.01 e 416.5 a 812.7 a 965.5 a
V2 67.40 d 396.7 ab 499.4 b 678.4 b
V3 91.57a 375.3b 407.0c 666.7bc
V4 80.83 c 277.4 c 445.9 be 614.8 e
V5 86.43 b 304.4 c 309.3 d 455.2 d
LSD (5%) 4.48 32.84 57.22 57.75
Seedling numbers hill'
S 56.8 c 330.0 b 478.3 641.2 b
S2 82.71 b 362.0 a 485.1 679.8 ab
S3 89.24 a 370.1 a 521.2 707.4 a
LSD (5%) 3.47 25.44 ns 44.73
Variety x Seedling numbers per hill
VLSI 45.56j 359.8 ede 811.2 811.4 b
V,S2 57.16 hi 407.3 be 750.5 999.3 a
V,S3 62.32 gh 482.3 a 876.6 1086.0 a
V251 53.94 i 347.8 de 478.7 673.4 cxi
V2S2 70.95e1 416.4bc 507.2 714.6bc
V2S3 77.32 de 425.9 ab 512.3 647.3 ed
V3S1 65.87 fg 406.8 be 362.1 653.7 cd
V3$2 96.90 d 383.2 bed 379.1 647.4 cxi
V3S3 111.9 a 335.9 def 479.7 699.0 c
V4S3 59.88 ghi 256.7 h 448.8 618.8 cxl
V4S2 99.57 b 285.3 Igh 491.0 593.2 d
V4S3 83.03 ed 290.2 fgh 398.0 632.3 ed
V5S, 58.76 ghi 279.1 gh 290.9 448.5 e
V5S2 88.95 c 317.8 efg 297.9 444.6 e
V5S3 Ii 1.ôa 316.2 efg 339.6 472.5 e
LSD (0.05) 7.76 56.87 ns 100.0
CV (%) 6,08 9.60 11.97 8.84
Note: V, = URRI dhan49, V2= BRRI hybrid dhan2, V3= Hera. V4= Tia, V = Moron, S,= I seedling, 52= 2seedlings, S3= 3 seedlings
(Values followed bNI same letter(s) in a column do not differ by MSTAT range test)
67
a
4.1.7 Panicle length
Variety had significant effect on panicle length in respect of the grain filling % but seedling number per hill and interaction of these two factors had no significant effect (Figure
5.
Figure 6, Table 7 and Appendix X).The panicle length varied significantly due to variety shown in Figure 5 and Appendix X. It was observed that Tia (V4) produced significantly longer (26.58 cm) panicle. The second highest panicle length (24.38 cm) was measured from
Fieera2 (V3) and the shortest panicle length (23.66 cm) was measured from Aloron
This confirms the report of Obulamma etal. (2004), Ahmed eta! (1997) and Idris and Matin (1990) that panicle length was differed due to variety.
Panicle length(cm) 30
25 I I I
E I
20 .15
10
0
BRRI dhan 49 BRRI hybrid ilcera Tia Moron
dhan 2
Variety
Figure 5. Effect of variety on panicle length of transplanted Anion rice a
.-,
The longest (24.62 cm) and shortest (24.08 cm) panicle length was observed in 1 and 3 seedlings per hill respectively though the value did not differ significantly (Figure 6 and Appendix X).
The results are conformity with Hasanuzzaman c/ at (2009), Islam c/ al. (2008), Hushine (2004), BRRI (1999), Zhang and Huang (1990) who stated that panicle length was unaffected by the number of seedlings per hill. But this result is contradictory with Bozorgi ci at (2011) and Roshan c/ at (2011) who stated that
panicle length significantly differed due to seedling number variation per hill.
Penicle Length 30.0
25.0 I
2-20.0 'C
g 15.0
10.0
5.0
I Seedling 2 Seedlings 3 SeedlIngs
Seedling(s) number per m2
Figure 6. Effect of variety on panicle length of transplanted amass rice
Panicle length was not significantly affected by the interaction of variety and seedling numbers per hill (Table 7 and Appendix X). Longer (26.83 cm) panicle a
a' length was observed from the combination Tia and 3 seedling per hill (V4S3) and
shorter (22.40 cm) was found from the combination BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedlings per hill (V1 S3).
F-a
Table 7. Panicle length of transplanted Amass rice as influenced by variety and seedling(s) per per hill
Treatment Panicle length(cm)
V1S1 22.67
V1S2 22.50
V1S3 22.40
V2S1 25.30
V2S2 24.43
Y1S3 23.67
V3S1 24.80
V3S2 24.23
V3S3 24.10
V4S1 26,43
V4S2 26.47
V4S3 26.83
V5S1 23.90
V5S2 23.67
VsS3 23.40
L (0.05) ns
CV(%) 3.03
Note: V1 = BRRI dhan49, V2= BR.RI hybrid dhan2. V3 = Hera, V4 = Tia. V5 = Aloron, Su= I seedling, Sz= Zseedlings, S= 3 seedlings
'I'
4.2 Yield contributing characters
4.2.1 Filled grain per
It is evident from Table 8 and appendix X that filled grain per m2 is significantly influenced by variety but neither by the number of seedling per hill nor by the interaction of this two factors.
Table 8 shows that variety affected significantly in number of filled grains per m2. From the Table 8 and Appendix X it is revealed that BRRI dhan49 (V1) gave significantly higher number of filled grains (38384.72) per m2 than others varieties. The second highest filled grain per m2 (23l43.56) was found with BRRI hybrid cthan2 (V2). The lowest filled grains per m2 (17342,54) was obtained from Heera2 (V3) which was statistically identical with Tia (V4) and Aloron (V5).
Obulamma et at (2004) and BRRI (1994) round that number of filled grains per panicle significantly differed due to variety.
Number of filled grains per m2 was not significantly influenced by the number of seedlings per hill (Table 8 and Appendix X). The highest (24812.26) and lowest (21818.11) of filled grains per m2 was obtained with I and 3 seedling per hill respectively. The result is in agreement with Shah ci at (1991) and Singh ci at (1987) who stated that filled grains per m2 was unaffected by the number of seedling(s) per hill.
71
Results presented in Table 8 shows that interaction effect of variety and seedling numbers per hi]l was not significant on filled grains per m2. Highest (39953.88) filled grains per m2 was found from the combination of BRRI dhan49 with I seedlings (V1 S1 ) and lowest (14025.09) was found from lleera2 with 2 seedlings (V;S').
4.2.2 Number of unfilled grains per
Among the traits made, number of unfilled grains per rn2 plays a vital role in yield reduction. Variety, seedling number per hill and interaction of these two factors had significant effect in respect of the number of unfilled grains per m2 (Table 8 and Appendix X).
Results showed that variety had significant effect in respect of the number of unfilled grains per m2 (Table 8 and Appendix X). I3RRI dhan49 (V1) produced maximum number (9239.23) of unfilled grains per m2 and Aloron (V5) produced minimum number (2456.01) of unfilled grains per in, and this variation might be due to genetic characteristics. I3INA (1993) and Chowdury €/ al. (1 993) also reported differences in number of unfilled grains per m2 due to varietal differences.
Number of unfilled grains per m2 was statistically influenced by the number of seedlings per hill (Table 8 and Appendix X). The minimum number (4122.52) of unfilled grains per m2 was counted at I seedlings per hill and the maximum a-
number (5917.98) was found at 3 seedling per hill which was statistically at par with 2 seedlings per hill. Bozorgi ciaL (2011), Roshan et al. (2011) and Islam ci at (2009) also observed that sterile spikelets per panicle were affected by seedlings number per hill.
interaction of variety and seedling numbers per hill had significant effect on unfilled grains per flY (Table 8). The maximum (11289.63) unfilled grains per was obtained from BRRI dhan49 with 3 seedling per hill (V1 S3) which was statistically identical with the combination of BRRI dhan49 with 2 seedlings (V1 S2). Minimum (1468.85) unfilled grains per m2 was obtained from the combination of Tia with I seedlings per hill (V4S1 ) which was statistically similar with the combination of Aloron with 2 seedlings per hill (V5S2).
4.23 Grain filling %
Variety, seedling number per hill and interaction of these two factors had significant effect in respect of the grain filling % (Table 8 and appendix X).
Results show that variety had significant effect in respect of the grain filling % (Table 8). Aloron (V5) produced maximum grain filling % (87.98%). The second highest grain filling % was found with Tia (V3) which was at par with BRRI dhan49 (V1) and Heera2 (V3). The lowest grain filling % was found with BRRI hybrid dhan2 (V2) which was statistically similar with BRRI dhan49 (V i ) and l-Ieera2 (V3).
n
73
Grain filling % was found statistically significant on the seedling numbers per hill (Table 8). The minimum number (79.77%) of grain fihling% was counted at 3 seedling per hill which was statistically similar with 2 seedlings per hill. The maximum number (85.78%) was found at I seedlings per hill. This contradictory with the report of Miah eta! (2004), who reported that percentage of filled grain did not show statistically significant variation due to seedlings transplanted per hill.
interaction of variety and seedling numbers per hill had significant effect on grain filling % (Table 8). Minimum (72.91%) grain filling % was obtained from the combination of I3RRI hybrid dhan2 with 3 seedling per hill (V2S3) which was statistically similar with the combination of Heera2 with 2 seedlings per hill (V3S2) and Tia with 3 seedling per hill (V4S3). The maximum (93.41%) grain filling % was obtained from Tia with I seedlings per hill (V4S1 ) which was statistically identical with the combination of Aloron with 2 seedlings per hill (V 5S2) and Aloron with I seedlings per hill (V5S1 ).
4.2.4 1000-grain weight
Variety had significant effect on 1000-grain weight but seedling number per hill or interaction of these two factors had no significant effect over 1000-grain weight (Table 8 and appendix LX).
From the Table 8, it is revealed that 1000-grain weight of Aloron (V5) gave significantly heavier (26.87 g) which was statistically at par with BRRI hybrid -e
-C