Effect of Different Treatments on Growth Parameter and Weight of Individual

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.5 Effect of Different Treatments on Growth Parameter and Weight of Individual

(75.72%) and T7 (67.49%) treatments and the minimum reduction of fruit infestation over control (%) from T3 (57.46%) followed by T1 (34.95%) treatment.

Dutta et al. (2011) reported similar type of result that the use of pheromone trap starting from 15 days after transplanting till final harvest gave substantial protection in shoot damage (58.39%), fruit damage (38.17%).

Table 19. Infestation of brinjal fruits caused by the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in different treatments at 130 DAT in weight

Treatment

Brinjal fruit by weight at 130 DAT Wt. of

Healthy fruit

Wt. of infested fruit

% Infestation

% Reduction over control

T1 345.3 d 215.00 a 38.52 b 34.95

T2 666.3 bc 165.33 bc 20.07 cd 66.11

T3 597.7 c 199.00 ab 25.19 c 57.46

T4 793.0 b 133.67 c 14.38 d 75.72

T5 1159.3 a 45.67 e 3.81 e 93.57

T6 1079.7 a 94.33 d 8.18 e 86.19

T7 722.3 bc 170.00 b 19.25 d 67.49

T8 118.3 e 172.00 b 59.22 a --

LSD(0.05) 176.98 35.95 5.78 --

CV(%) 14.75 13.74 14.00 --

In a column means having similar letter(s) are statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level of probability with 3 replications

[T1= Cultural method (clean cultivation to keep the plot free from weeds and debris to discourage pupation of insect); + mechanical control method (removal of infested roots, shoots and fruits) at the 7 days interval T2= Braconid wasps at the rate of 20-25/plot at weekly interval + field sanitation; T3= Sanitation at the 7 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T4= Field sanitation + Spraying Sevin 50 WP @ 1.0g/ at the 7 days interval; T5= Spraying Success 2.5 EC @ 0.5 ml/L of water at the 7 days interval + using Pheromone trap; T6= Spraying Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.01% at 20 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T7= Sanitation + Trichogramma evanesence at the rate of 1 card/plot at weekly interval (1000 eggs per card) T8= Untreated control]

4.5. Effect of Different Treatments on Growth Parameter and Weight of

treatment, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest weight (133.23 g) was recorded in T8 treatment which was statistically similar (137.00 g) with T1 (Figure 6).

Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (19.93 cm) was found from T5 treatment which was closely followed by T4 (19.59), T2 (19.32) and T6 (19.24) treatment, whereas the minimum length (17.86 cm) was found in T8 treatment followed by T1

(18.38) and T7 treatment (19.15) (Figure 6).

Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of fruit at 88 DAT, there were no significant differences among the treatments. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.16 cm) was found in T6

treatment which was numerically different from T5 (15.01 cm), T7 (14.85 cm), T3

(14.80 cm) and T4 (14.61 cm). On the other hand, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (14.07 cm) was recorded in T8 treatment. (Figure 6).

[T1= Cultural method (clean cultivation to keep the plot free from weeds and debris to discourage pupation of insect); + mechanical control method (removal of infested roots, shoots and fruits) at the 7 days interval T2= Braconid wasps at the rate of 20-25/plot at weekly interval + field sanitation; T3= Sanitation at the 7 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T4= Field sanitation + Spraying Sevin 50 WP @ 1.0g/ at the 7 days interval; T5= Spraying Success 2.5 EC @ 0.5 ml/L of water at the 7 days interval + using Pheromone trap; T6= Spraying Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.01% at 20 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T7= Sanitation + Trichogramma evanesence at the rate of 1 card/plot at weekly interval (1000 eggs per card) T8= Untreated control]

Figure 6: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 88 DAT

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

79 Single Fruit at 95 DAT

Individual fruit weight (g)

From figure 7, it was observed that the highest weight of individual fruit weight (170.40 g) was obtained from T5 treatment followed (165.47 g, 158.13 g, 153.07 g, 150.47 g and 147.53 g, respectively) by T6, T4, T7, T2 and T3 treatment. On the other hand, the lowest weight (129.87 g) was recorded from T8 treatment which was followed (136.13 g) by T1 treatment.

Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.02 cm) was found from T5 treatment which was statistically similar with (19.85, 19.79, 19.18, and 19.01 cm, respectively) to T6, T4, T2 and T3 treatment, whereas the minimum length (16.20 cm) was found in T8 treatment followed (18.47 cm and 18.85 cm, respectively) by T7 and T1 treatment (Figure 7).

Girth of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.53 cm) was found in T5 treatment which was non-significant from rest of the treatments but numerically different from T6, (15.24 cm), T4 (15.15 cm), T3 (14.97 cm) and T7 (14.88 cm). On the other hand, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (13.93 cm) was recorded in T8 treatment which followed (14.03 cm and 14.14 cm, respectively) by T2 and T1 treatment (Figure 7).

[T1= Cultural method + mechanical control; T2= Braconid wasps @ 20-25/plot + Sanitation; T3= Sanitation + Funnel Pheromone trap; T4= Sanitation + Sevin 50 WP @ 1.0g/L; T5= Success 2.5 EC @ 0.5 ml/L of water + Pheromone trap; T6= Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.01% + Funnel Pheromone trap; T7= Sanitation + Trichogramma evanesence @ 1 card/plot (1000 eggs per card) T8= Untreated control]

Figure 7: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 95 DAT

Single Fruit at 102 DAT Individual fruit weight (g)

From Figure 8, it was observed that the highest weight of individual fruit weight (173.34 g) was obtained from T5 treatment which was statistically similar with rest of the treatment except T1 (136.45 g) and T8 (130.45 g) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest weight (130.45 g) was recorded from T8 treatment followed (136.45 g, 143.67 g, 149.22 g, and 154.56 g, respectively) by T1, T3, T2 and T7

treatment.

Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.14 cm) was found from T5 treatment followed (20.10 cm, 19.59 cm, 19.43 cm, 18.62 cm and 18.29 cm, respectively) by T6, T4, T7, T2 and T3 treatment, whereas the minimum length (16.20 cm) was found in T8 treatment which was statistically different from T5 and T6 treatment and numerically different from rest of the treatment (Figure 8).

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

81 Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of brinjal fruit, there was no significant difference among the treatments. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.25 cm) was recorded from T5

treatment which was numerically different from T6 (15.08 cm), T4 (14.85 cm), T7

(14.71 cm), and T2 (14.17 cm) treatment, whereas, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (13.10 cm) was recorded from T8 treatment followed (13.46 cm) by T1

treatment (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 102 DAT

Single Fruit at 109 DAT Individual fruit weight

From figure 9, it was observed that at 109 DAT the highest weight of individual fruit weight (174.56 g) was recorded from T5 treatment which was statistically different from rest of the treatment except T6 (170.0 g), T4 (157.78 g), T7 (151.44 g) and T2 (145.89 g) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest weight (121.32 g) was recorded from T8 treatment.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

82 Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.29 cm) was found from T5 treatment followed (20.0 cm, 19.57 cm, 19.17 cm, 18.73 cm and 18.48 cm, respectively) by T6, T4, T7, T2 and T3 treatment, whereas the minimum length (15.90 cm) was found when plot remained untreated (T8) and followed (17.59 cm) by T1 treatment (Figure 9).

Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of brinjal fruit, there was no significant differences among the treatments. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.85 cm) was recorded from T5

treatment which was numerically different from T6 (15.64), T4 (14.83), T7 (14.43), T2 (14.14), and T3 (13.89) treatment, whereas, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (12.88 cm) was recorded from T8 treatment followed 13.34 cm by T1 treatment (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 109 DAT.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

83 Single fruit at 116 DAT

Weight of single fruit (g)

From Figure 10, it was observed that at 116 DAT the highest weight of individual fruit weight (174.0 g) was recorded from T5 treatment which was statistically different from rest of the treatment except T6 (169.33 g), T4 (156.67 g), T7 (150.22 g) and T2 (146.0 g) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest weight (116.78 g) was recorded from T8 treatment which was similar with (127.44 g and 137.89 g, respectively) to T1 and T3 treatment.

Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.39 cm) was found from T5 treatment followed (20.05 cm, 19.94 cm, 19.59 cm, 18.26 cm and 18.22 cm, respectively) by T6, T7, T4, T3 and T2 treatment, whereas the minimum length was recorded in (16.18 cm) T8 treatment (Figure 10).

Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of brinjal fruit, significant differences among the treatments was found at 116 DAT. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.77 cm) was recorded from T5 treatment followed by T6 (15.49 cm), T4 (14.89 cm), T7 (14.47 cm), T2

(14.19 cm), and T3 (13.99 cm) treatment, whereas, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (12.55 cm) was recorded from T8 treatment which showed significant differences from T5 and T6 treatment and followed (13.28 cm) by T1 treatment (Figure 10).

Figure 10:Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 116 DAT.

Single Fruit at 123 DAT Individual fruit weight (g)

From Figure 11, it was observed that at 123 DAT the highest weight of individual fruit weight (174.63 g) was recorded from T5 treatment which was statistically similar with (167.89 g and 156.67 g, respectively) to T6 and T4 treatment. On the other hand, the lowest weight (112.78 g) was recorded from T8 treatment which was similar with (126.89 g and 137.0 g, respectively) to T1 and T3 treatment.

Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.32 cm) was found from T5 treatment closely followed (19.90 cm, 19.55 cm and 19.21 cm, respectively) by T6, T4, and T7 treatment, whereas the minimum length (16.66 cm) was found when plot remained untreated followed by T1 treatment (17.61 cm) (Figure 11).

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

85 Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of brinjal fruit, there was significant differences among the treatments at 123 DAT. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.94 cm) was recorded from T5 treatment closely followed (15.63 cm and 15.13 cm, respectively) by T6 and T4 treatment, whereas, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (12.54 cm) was recorded from T8 treatment followed by T1 treatment (13.19 cm).

(Figure 11).

Figure 11: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 123 DAT.

Single Fruit at 130 DAT Individual fruit weight (g)

From Figure 12, it was observed that at 130 DAT the highest weight of individual fruit (172.11 g) was recorded from T5 treatment followed (171.11 g, 154.44 g, 148.67 g, 147.45 g and 141.22 g, respectively) by T6, T4, T7, T2 and T3 treatment.

On the other hand, the lowest weight (109.05 g) was recorded from T8 treatment which showed statistically similarity with (120.89 g) T1 treatment and showed significant differences from rest of the treatment.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

86 Length of individual fruit (cm)

The maximum length of healthy fruit (20.47 cm) was found from T5 treatment which was numerically different from T6 (19.98 cm), T4 (19.47 cm), T7 (19.18 cm), T2 (18.65 cm), T3 (18.35) and T1 (17.55 cm) and showed significant difference from T8 treatment from which the minimum length (16.50 cm) of individual fruit was recorded (Figure 12).

Girth of individual fruit (cm)

In case of girth of brinjal fruit, significant difference was found among the treatments at 130 DAT. The maximum girth of healthy fruit (15.82 cm) was recorded from T5 treatment followed (15.52 cm, 14.93 cm, 14.61 cm, and 14.32 cm, respectively) by T6, T4, T7 and T2 treatment, whereas, the minimum girth of healthy fruit (12.65 cm) was recorded from T8 treatment followed by T1 treatment (13.48 cm). (Figure 12).

[T1= Cultural method (clean cultivation to keep the plot free from weeds and debris to discourage pupation of insect); + mechanical control method (removal of infested roots, shoots and fruits) at the 7 days interval T2= Braconid wasps at the rate of 20-25/plot at weekly interval + field sanitation; T3= Sanitation at the 7 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T4= Field sanitation + Spraying Sevin 50 WP @ 1.0g/ at the 7 days interval; T5= Spraying Success 2.5 EC @ 0.5 ml/L of water at the 7 days interval + using Pheromone trap; T6= Spraying Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.01% at 20 days interval + using Funnel Pheromone trap; T7= Sanitation + Trichogramma evanesence at the rate of 1 card/plot at weekly interval (1000 eggs per card) T8= Untreated control]

Figure 12: Effect of different treatments against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in terms of length, girth and weight of single fruit at 130 DAT.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Weight of single fruit (g)

Length and girth (cm)

Treatment

Length of Single Fruit Girth of Single Fruit Wt. of Single Fruit

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