Effect of tomato hybrid lines Plant height

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Plate 1. Plate 1. Experimental field view under a polythene tunnel in summer season

4.1 Effect of tomato hybrid lines Plant height

Plant height of thirteen hybrids of tomato under field condition at final harvest stage showed significant differences (Table 4.1.1), plant height ranged from 86.58cm to l 14.52cm. The genotype

C,

showed the tallest plant height (114.52 cm) which was statistically similar to that of C⁸ and C¹³ showed the shortest (86.58cm) plant height.

The hybrids

C2, C4

&

C

ro were closely related to the

C

6 &

C

8. It was revealed that most of the hybrids of tomato performed better under field condition in Bangladesh.

Phookan et al. (1990) also reported a variation in plant height ranged from 46.00 cm to 95.00 cm in an experiment of 29 hybrids of tomato when grown under plastic house condition in summer.

Number of Branches

The number of branches per plant differed significantly among the hybrids of tomato at final harvest stage (Table 4.1.1 ). The number of branches per plant varied from 2.95 to 7.60. The hybrids

Cs

showed the highest (7.60) number per plant, which was significantly different from the remaining hybrids but it, was statistically similar to that of C1 (7.00). The lowest branching was observed in the hybrid C1 which was

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER4

In a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at 1 % level by DMRT. 'C' stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

Hybrids No. of Branches I Plant Plant height (cm) at last harvest

C1 7.00 a 101.43 b-d

C2 5.28 b 108.78 ab

C3 3.13 f-h 90.22 ef

C4 3.20 fg 107.70 ab

Cs 7.60 a 97.87 de

c6

4.47 c 114.52 a

C1

2.52 h 93.08 d-f

Cs 3.52 e-g 113.68 a

C9 3.52 c-g 93.93 d-f

Cio 4.00 c-c 106.47 a-c

C11 3.77 d-f 94.57 d-f

C12 4.40

cd

_{98.78 cd}

Cn 2.95

gh

_86.58

r

CV% 12.49 6.37

Table 4.1.1. Branch per plant and plant height of 13 tomato hybrid lines

be due to the difference of growing environments or the difference of hybrids or both.

under plastic house condition. Results was little bit lower to this finding, which might that the number of branches per plant varied from 5.00 to 10.50 in summer season statistically similar to other hybrids except Ci. C2 andC5• Phookan et al. (1990) found

Flower per cluster

Significant variation was observed among the hybrids in terms of number of flowers per cluster (Table 4.1.2). Maximum flowers per cluster (8.11) were produced by the hybrids, which were statistically similar to Cio, C12, C13 (7.87) and followed by other hybrids. The minimum flower per cluster was produced by the hybrid C² (5.07).

The number of flower per cluster is an important character, which has got the significant role to determine the yield of tomato fruit. The production of flowers per cluster may be affected by the cultivars and temperature. Aung ( 1976) and stevens ( 1979) reported that an extent of decreased flower number depends on cultivars. The finding supported to the variation among the hybrids in the present investigation.

Days to 50%, flowering

Days required to 50% flowering were recorded under field conditions of thirteen hybrids of tomato. All the hybrids varied from 41 days to 49 days (Table 4.1.2). The minimum days were required by the genotype C4 (41 days) that was statistically similar to that of

Cs

and Cio. The maximum days were required by the genotype C9 (48 days). Besides this all other hybrids showed statistically similar results. High temperature probably interrupted the process of flowering (Ahmad, 2002). Aung (1976); Charles and Harris (1972) and kuo et al. (1979) also reported that flower formation is affected by temperature stress.

/

Fruit

set

(o/o)

Diversity was observed among the hybrids percent fruit set {Appendix 3).

Percent fruit set varied from 43.22 to 24.17 (Figure 1 ). The highest fruit was set by C¹⁰ (43.22%), which was statistically similar with C⁴ (42.12%), C⁶ (42.50%), C⁷ (41.15) and 12(39.52%). The lowest fruit was set by

C

5 (24.i7%), which was statistically similar with C9 (26.04). The Remaining hybrids were given the same results for this trait. Baki & stomuel (1993) and Rama & Kalloo (1989) reported that fruit set in the heat tolerant hybrids of tomato ranged from 1.9 to 46.97%, this finding agreed with the present investigation.

Viable pollen grain {%.)

Percent viable pollen grain varied significantly among the thirteen hybrids of tomato (Table 4.1.2). The highest viable pollen grain was produced by the hybrid c , (64.33%), which was statistically similar to the hybrids C1

o

(62.63%) and c7

(59.07%). The remaining hybrids except C11 (48.40%) and

Cs

(39.00%) produced statistically similar viable pollen. This indicated that some of the hybrids have the capability to produce high percent of viable pollen grain as per carminoacetic acid viability test. It gives an apparent indication of pollen viability. (Bodo, 1991).

In a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at 1

%

level by DMRT. 'C 'stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

Hybrids Days to 50% No. of flowers I Viable pollen

Flowertna cluster 2rains (%)

C1

43 de 5.30 ef 54.13 cd

C2

44 cd 5.07 f 54.60 cd

CJ

47 b 6.15 c 57.27 b-d

C4

41 f 8.11 a 64.33 a

Cs 41 f 5.50 de 39.00 f

Cc,

_{42 ef 7.29 b 54.10 cd}

C1 43 de 5.64 de 59.07 a-c

Cs

45 be 5.80 d 51.65 de

C9

48 a 5.63 de 54.93 cd

Cio

41 f 7.82 a 62.63 ab

C11

43 de 5.58 de 48.40 e

C12

43 de 7.80 a 57.43 b-d

C13

44 c-c 7.87 a 56.36 cd

CV% 3.07 4.33 8.23

Table 4.1.2. Floral characteristics of 13 tomato hybrid lines

supported by Ahmad (2002).

remaining hybrids were given the same result in this experiment. These findings were diameter was obtained from C10 which was statistically similar with C3 and C

6•

The (5.96cm) diameter was obtained from C

5

followed by others. The lowest (3.50cm) 4.1.3). The ranges of fruit diameter were 5.96 cm to 3.50 cm (plate 4). The highest

In

case of fruit diameter the trend was also almost the same as in fruit length (Table Fr uit dia meter

tomato hybrids in summer season, which ranged from 1.94 cm to 5.46cm.

experiment (plate 4). Ahmad (2002) found similar result in an experiment of 49 hybrids C10. And the remaining hybrids were given more or less same results in this the hybrid C

4

(5.38 cm) and C9 (5.15). The shortest (3.59 cm) fruit was found from the longest (5.47 cm) fruit was found from the hybrid C

3

that was statistically similar to Fruit length of thirteen (13) tomato hybrids differed significantly (Table 4.1.3). The F ru it length

Figure 1.

Fr uit set (

⁰/o)

of 13 tomato h ybri d lines

'C 'stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

In a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at I% level by DMRT. 'C 'stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

Hybrids Fruit length (cm) Fruit diameter (cm) Brix percent

C1

4.73 c 4.63 d 4.40 e

C2

4.91 be 5.21 b 4.28 e

C3

_{5.47 a 3.82 f 4.65 de}

C4

5.38 a 4.84 c 5.45 a

C5

4.96 be 5.96 a 4.92 cd

c6

4.12 e 3.63 fg 3.83 f

C1

4.57 cd 4.53 de 5.02 b-d

Cs

_{4.57 cd 5.08 b 5.13 a-c}

C9

5.15 ab 4.95 be 5.12 a-c

C10

3.59 f 3.50 g 5.40 ab

C11

_{4.09 e 4.27 e 4.98 b-d}

C12

4.70 c 4.66 cd 4.83 cd

C13

5.13 ab 4.67 cd 5.17 a-c

CV%

_{6.81 5.57 6.65}

Table 4.1.3. Fruit characteristics of 13 tomato hybrid lines

result ofbrix percentage(%) was fully similar with the findings of Ahmad (2002).

the results showed the range from 5.45% in

C4

to 4.28% in

C2

(Table 4.1.3). The visual estimation full-ripened fruits were considered for this measurement. However, hybrids except

C6.

Only the

C6

hybrids were given the lowest result (3.83%). With No significant variation was found in case of brix percentage among the thirteen Brix percent

Number of fruits per cluster

Significant variation was found among the thirteen hybrids for fruits per cluster (Table 4.1.4). The number of fruits per cluster ranged from 1.35 to 3.43. The maximum 3.43 fruits were found from

C4,

which is statistically similar to Cro (3.35).

The minimum fruits were found from

Cs

(1.35), which is statistically similar to

C2

and

C9.

From the remaining hybrids

C

6 and

C12

were given statistically similar results, but C1,

C3, C

11 and

C13

were closely related than the others.

Number of fruits per plant

Significant difference was observed for fruits number per plant among the hybrids. The number of fruits varied from 5.28 to 19.25. The highest (19.25) no. of fruits were obtained from the hybrid

C12 .

From the remaining hybrids

C

4,

C

6 and

C

10

showed the similar result than the others. The lowest numbers of fruits per plant were obtained from

C9

(5.28), which are statistically similar with

C2, C3, Cs, C11

and

C13.

The differences for fruits per plant among the hybrids are clearly demonstrated in Table 4.1.4. Phookan et al. (1990) conducted an experiment to evaluate 29 hybrids of tomato in relation to 8 different growth and yield attributing parameters under plastic house condition during summer season and found fruit number ranging from 2.67 to 70.00 which are good in agreement with the result of the present study. The result also has the similarity of the findings of Ahmad (2002).

Fruit yield per plant

There was no significant variation in respect of fruit yield per plant among the thirteen (13) hybrids. The highest (587.50g) fruit yield was obtained from the hybrid C12 and the lowest (221.50 g) fruit yield was obtained from the hybrid C3. But the remaining hybrids were given the statistically similar result which is clearly demonstrated in Figure 2 and Appendix 3. Baki (1991) in an experiment on heat tolerant tomato under high temperature conditions (39°C day /28° C night) reported a yield of 410, 173 and 11 g depending on the level of heat tolerance of the hybrids.

Findings of Ahmad (2002) also support the results of this trait.

Average fruit weight

Significant variation was found for average fruit weight among the hybrids as revealed from table 4.1.4. The highest (65.l 7g) average individual fruit weight was obtained from the hybrid C2 followed by other and the lowest (19.00g) average individual fruit weight was obtained from the hybrid C6 which is statistically similar with CJO and C12. The remaining hybrids were closely related to each other. At night temperature of 14°C, Went (1957) obtained tomato fruit three times than the size as obtained at 26°C. The temperature range of the present study was 29.35°C to 34.03°C (Appendix 1). Ahmad (2002) also found the range of individual fruit weight from 5.25g to 43.38g among 25 heat tolerant hybrids which supports the findings of the present study.

In

a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at 1 % level by DMRT

'C' stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

Hybrids No. of fruits I No. of fruits I Average fruit

lines cluster plant wel2bt le)

C1

1.77

e-g

9.86

c

44.33 cd

C2

1.62 f-b 5.48 ef 65.17 a

C3

1.96 de 6.34

d-f

33.50 e

C4

3.43 a 14.91 b 28.67 f

Cs

1.35 b 8.72 c-e 49.00 b

c6

3.10 b 16.22 b 19.00 g

C1

2.31 c 8.87 cd 34.33 e

Cs

1.83 ef 6.24 d-f 40.50 d

C9

1.47

gh

5.28 f 47.33 be

Cio

3.35 ab 16.13 b 21.00 g

C11

1.98 de 7.97 c-f 39.83 d

C12

3.08 b 19.25 a 21.67 g

C13

2.20 cd 7.57 c-f 42.67 d

CV% 11.10 24.51 9.93

Table 4.1.4. Yield contributing characteristics of 13 tomato hybrid lines

'C 'stands for cross or combination or hybrid line

Figur e 2. Fruit yield (g) per plant of 13 tomato hybrid lines

Cs

C1

0.00

I

EIYleld per plant (g)

I

100.00 700.00

600.00

1 I

^500.00

I

I

i l 400.00

c

•

Q.

...

•

Q.

:3! 300.00

>=

•

₁

l

^200.00

J

In a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at 1 % level by DMRT. H=Hormone and Nl-l=No-hormone

Treatment Days to

50%

No. of flowers I Viable pollen Fruit set

Flowering cluster zrains

(%) (%)

H 43.82 6.43 54.92 44.65 a

NH 43.82 6.42 54.92 24.46 b

Table 4.2.2. Effect of hormone and no-hormone on floral characteristics in 13 tomato hybrid lines

using the plant growth regulator "Tornatotone" were also reported by A VRDC ( 1990).

the hormonal treatment over non-hormonal treatment (24.46). Increasing fruit set by percent fruit set (Table 4.2.2). The highest (44.65) percent fruit set was observed by All the parameters studied were insignificantly affected by the hormone except In a column, means followed by common letters under the same factor are not significantly different at 1 % level by DMRT. H=Honnone and NH=No-hormone

Treatment No of branches I Plant Plant height (cm) at last harvest

H 4.37 a 96.68 b

NH 4.14 a 104.50 a

Table 4.2.1. Effect of hormone and no-hormone on branch per plant & plant height in 13 tomato hybrid lines

Higher plant height (cm) was obtained by the non-hormonal treatment.

of branches per plant and plant height (cm) at last harvest were statistically identical.

(cm) at last harvest was significantly affected by the treatment (Table 4.2.1 ). Number Number of branches per plant was not significantly differed but plant height