LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix
4.2 Yield contributing parameters
4.2.2 Effective tillers hill -1 Effect of duckweed
Significant effect was found on number of effective tillers hill-1 of rice among the treatment due to application of duckweed at different rates (Table 3).
Results revealed that the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (13.02) was found from the treatment D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) followed by D1 (200 g duckweeds m-2) whereas the lowest number of effective tillers hill-1 (7.41) was found from control treatment D0 (0 g duckweeds m-2).
Effect of nitrogen
Different doses of nitrogen showed significant influence on number of effective tillers hill-1 of rice (Table 3). Results showed that the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.67) was found from the treatment N2 (90 kg N ha-1) followed by N1 (45 kg N ha-1) whereas the lowest number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.97) was found from the treatment N3 (180 kg N ha-1). Karim (2019) and Chamely and Islam (2015) also found significant effect of N on number of effective tillers hill-1 of rice which supported the present study.
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Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
Number of effective tillers hill-1 of rice showed significant variation due to combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen at different doses (Table 3). The highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (14.73) was found from the treatment combination of D2N2 which was statistically similar with D1N2 whereas the lowest number of effective tillers hill-1 (6.40) was found from the treatment combination of D0N3 which was statistically similar with D0N1 and D3N3. 4.2.3 Number of grains panicle-1
Effect of duckweed
Significant effect was found on number of grains panicle-1 of rice among the treatment due to application of duckweed at different rates (Table 3). Results revealed that the highest number of grains panicle-1 (179.40) was found from the treatment D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) which was statistically identical with D1 (200 g duckweeds m-2) whereas the lowest number of grains panicle-1 (132.60) was found from control treatment D0 (0 g duckweeds m-2).
Effect of nitrogen
Different doses of nitrogen showed significant influence on number of grains panicle-1 of rice (Table 3). Results showed that the highest number of grains panicle-1 (169.70) was found from the treatment N2 (90 kg N ha-1) which was statistically similar with N1 (45 kg N ha-1) whereas the lowest number of grains panicle-1 (149.80) was found from the treatment N3 (180 kg N ha-1). The result obtained from the present study was good relation with the findings of Karim (2019), Adhikari (2018) and Chamely and Islam (2015).
Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
Number of grains panicle-1 of rice showed significant variation due to combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen at different doses (Table 3). Results indicated that the highest number of grains panicle-1 (189.50) was found from
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the treatment combination of D2N2 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of D1N1, D1N2, D2N1, D2N3 and D3N2. The lowest number of grains panicle-1 (121.50) was found from the treatment combination of D0N3 which was statistically similar with D0N1, D0N2 and D3N3.
4.2.4 Number of filled grains panicle-1 Effect of duckweed
Significant effect was found on number of filled grains panicle-1 of rice among the treatment due to application of duckweed at different rates (Table 3).
Results revealed that the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 (170.00) was found from the treatment D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) which was statistically identical with D1 (200 g duckweeds m-2) whereas the lowest number of filled grains panicle-1 (110.10) was found from control treatment D0 (0 g duckweeds m-2).
Effect of nitrogen
Different doses of nitrogen showed significant influence on number of filled grains panicle-1 of rice (Table 3). Results showed that the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 (156.60) was found from the treatment N2 (90 kg N ha-1) whereas the lowest number of filled grains panicle-1 (129.30) was found from the treatment N3 (180 kg N ha-1) which was statistically identical with N1 (45 kg N ha-1). Similar result was also observed by Chamely and Islam (2015) and Adhikari (2018).
Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
Number of filled grains panicle-1 of rice showed significant variation due to combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen at different doses (Table 3). The highest number of filled grains panicle-1 (183.90) was found from the treatment combination of D2N2 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of D1N2, D2N1 and D2N3. The lowest number of filled grains
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panicle-1 (93.18) was found from the treatment combination of D0N3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of D0N1.
4.2.5 Number of unfilled grains panicle-1 Effect of duckweed
Significant effect was found on number of unfilled grains panicle-1 of rice among the treatment due to application of duckweed at different rates (Table 3). Results revealed that the lowest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (9.35) was found from the treatment D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) which was significantly different from other treatments. The highest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (22.53) was found from control treatment D0 (0 g duckweeds m-
2) which was significantly different from other treatments followed by D1 (200 g duckweeds m-2). Chamely and Islam (2015) also found similar result with the present study.
Effect of nitrogen
Different doses of nitrogen showed significant influence on number of unfilled grains panicle-1 of rice (Table 3). Results showed that the lowest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (13.08) was found from the treatment N2 (90 kg N ha-1) whereas the highest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (20.51) was found from the treatment N3 (180 kg N ha-1) followed by N1 (45 kg N ha-1).
Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
Number of unfilled grains panicle-1 of rice showed significant variation due to combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen at different doses (Table 3). Results indicated that the lowest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (5.62) was found from the treatment combination of D2N2 which was significantly different from other treatment combinations whereas the highest number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (28.29) was found from the treatment combination of D0N3 followed by D0N1 and D3N3.
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Table 3. Yield contributing parameters of rice as influenced by duckweed and nitrogen and also their combination
Treatments
Yield contributing parameters
No. of non- effective tillers hill-1
No. of effective tillers hill-1
No. of grains panicle-1
No. of filled grains panicle-1
No. of unfilled grains panicle-1
Panicle length (cm)
1000 grain weight (g)
Effect of duckweed
D0 4.25 a 7.41 d 132.6 c 110.1 c 22.53 a 18.89 c 20.94 b D1 2.40 c 11.87 b 171.6 a 155.7 a 15.81c 23.48 a 23.05 ab D2 1.76 d 13.02 a 179.4 a 170.0 a 9.35 d 24.58 a 24.49 a D3 3.11 b 8.58 c 152.8 b 133.5 b 19.30 b 21.29 b 22.31 b
LSD(0.05) 0.31 1.05 16.89 15.34 1.73 2.07 2.13
CV (%) 11.13 10.49 10.86 11.02 10.53 9.62 9.59
Effect of nitrogen (N)
N1 2.93 b 10.02 b 157.7 ab 141.1 b 16.65 b 22.01 ab 22.88 ab N2 2.26 c 11.67 a 169.7 a 156.6 a 13.08 c 23.29 a 23.82 a N3 3.45 a 8.972 c 149.8 b 129.3 b 20.51 a 20.88 b 21.40 b
LSD(0.05) 0.27 0.91 14.62 13.28 1.49 1.80 1.84
CV (%) 11.13 10.49 10.86 11.02 10.53 9.62 9.59
Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
D0N1 4.53 a 7.57 fg 131.1 de 108.8 ef 22.26 b 18.90 ef 21.40 b-d D0N2 3.43 bc 8.25 ef 145.3 c-e 128.3 de 17.03 cd 20.61 c-f 22.07 a-d D0N3 4.80 a 6.40 g 121.5 e 93.18 f 28.29 a 17.17 f 19.37 d D1N1 2.47 e 11.30 cd 170.7 a-c 155.0 bc 15.69 de 23.73 a-d 23.03 a-d D1N2 1.53 g 13.80 ab 180.2 ab 167.4 ab 12.79 e 24.55 ab 24.45 a-c D1N3 3.20 b-d 10.52 d 163.7 a-c 144.8 b-d 18.96 c 22.15 b-e 21.67 a-d D2N1 1.67 fg 12.80 bc 178.1 ab 168.4 ab 9.723 f 24.15 a-c 24.67 ab D2N2 1.40 g 14.73 a 189.5 a 183.9 a 5.623 g 25.83 a 25.13 a D2N3 2.20 ef 11.53 cd 170.4 a-c 157.7 a-c 12.71 e 23.75 a-d 23.67 a-c D3N1 3.03 cd 8.42 ef 151.0 b-d 132.1 c-e 18.94 c 21.27 b-e 22.40 a-d D3N2 2.67 de 9.89 de 163.7 a-c 146.8 b-d 16.86 cd 22.17 b-e 23.63 a-c D3N3 3.62 b 7.44 fg 143.7 c-e 121.6 de 22.09 b 20.43 d-f 20.91 cd
LSD(0.05) 0.54 1.82 29.25 26.57 2.99 3.59 3.69
CV (%) 11.13 10.49 10.86 11.02 10.53 9.62 9.59
In a column means having similar letters) arc statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level of probability
D0 = Control (0 g duckweeds m-2), D1 = 200 g duckweeds m-2, D2 = 400 g duckweeds m-2, D3
= 600 g duckweeds m-2
N1 = 45 kg N ha-1, N2 = 90 kg N ha-1, N3 = 180 kg N ha-1
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4.2.6 Panicle length Effect of duckweed
Significant effect was found on panicle length of rice among the treatment due to application of duckweed at different rates (Table 3). Results revealed that the highest panicle length (24.58 cm) was found from the treatment D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) which was statistically identical with D1 (200 g duckweeds m-
2) whereas the lowest panicle length (18.89 cm) was found from control treatment D0 (0 g duckweeds m-2).
Effect of nitrogen
Different doses of nitrogen showed significant influence on panicle length of rice (Table 3). Results showed that the highest panicle length (23.29 cm) was found from the treatment N2 (90 kg N ha-1) which was statistically similar with N1 (45 kg N ha-1) whereas the lowest panicle length (20.88 cm) was found from the treatment N3 (180 kg N ha-1). Similar result was also observed by Chamely and Islam (2015) and Adhikari (2018) who found significant effect of N on panicle length of rice.
Combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen
Panicle length of rice showed significant variation due to combined effect of duckweed and nitrogen at different doses (Table 3). Results indicated that the highest panicle length (25.83 cm) was found from the treatment combination of D2N2 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of D1N1, D1N2, D2N1 and D2N3. The lowest panicle length (17.17 cm) was found from the treatment combination of D0N3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of D0N1, D0N2 and D3N3.
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4.2.7 Weight of 1000 grain