I .—Su e a t R e c o r d s [including “ Sw a l l y, ” -i.e., Suwali,.
the roadstead north o f the mouth of the Tapti].
A. Twenty volumes of “ Consultations,” from 1B31-32 to 1702-4.
Y oL 15, 1679. This is a typical volume, clearly written and in good condition.
At page % is & petition to the Right Honble. Thomas Rolt, “ Governour of Bombay, President o f India, Persia,
C. Forty-one volumes of letters to Surat from various sub-factories and otfier places, from 1628 to 1704-5.,
Vol. 3* 1655-56. Letter from Ispahan, giving list o f.
prices there.
Yol, 5, 1659-60. Letters from “ Rajapore.”
V ol. 6, 1662-63, contains a narrative of the siege and capitulation of Cochin, p. 3 9 ; and the articles of agree
ment with the King o f Porqua, p. 87.
The Surat* “ P R O C E E D IN G S ” extend from 1700 to
•1804.
•
Surat was a Presidency of the East India Com pany, from 1612 to 16 7 8 ; and again from 1681 to 1685-87, when the Presidency of Western India was finally trans
ferred to Bombay. Between 1629 and 1635 Surat was the' chief seat of Government over all the Company’s possessions in the East.
Thomas Coryat, the author of “ His C r u d i t i e s died at Surat in December 1 6 1 7 : " killed with kindness,”
, writes Fr^er, by the English merchants, “ who laid his rambling brains at rest.” He was buried on the hill near Swally.
I I .—Bombay Re c o r d s.
A . Seventeen volumes of Diaries and Consultations, from 1669 to 170 2-3.
B. Forty-five volumes of letters from Bombay,, from 1672 to 1708-10.
C. Forty-two volumes of letters to Bombay, from 1673-74 t o #170 3-4.
[The Tannah “ PROCEEDIN GS ” extend from 1777 to 1799J
Bombay was transferred to the East India Company in 1669 ; and their first Governour was, as above stated, tSir George Oxenden, 1 6 6 8-9. The previous four £rover- nours of Bombay, appointed by the Crown, were Sir Abraham Shipman, his Secretary, Mr.* Hurflfrey Cooke, who first took possession, of the Island in 1665, Sir
.Gervase Lucas, who succeeded in 1666, and Captain Henry Garey, who officiated in 1667-8.
I I I .—An g e n g o Re c o r d s.— Two volumes.
•
Vol. 1, 1717-22. Extract of letters as to the estate of
late W . Gyfford. *
William Gyfford was Governour of Madras 1681-7, in succession to Streynsham Master, 1.678-81 [ see supra, under “ Miscellaneous,” Vols. 2 and 3 ], who had instituted a tax for cleaning the Black Town o f -Madra&,jand_Jmilding up a wall for its defence on its
ngrth and west sides. '"W hen- M a ster,left the inha- bitants petitioned against it, and “ our too easy AgenTT Gyfford,” elsewhere written of as “ that heavy President Gyfford,” abolished it. The popular memory of the opposition to this imposition, which led to open riot in 1684, is still preserved in Madras in* the name of “ Wall Tax Street ” leading along the remains of the west wall.
He was succeeded in the Governorship of Madras by Elihu Yale, 1687-92, who established the Factory at Cuddalore, and became a great benefactor of Yale College, U.S.
Gyfford was possibly a descendant of Philip Gyfford, Deputy Governour o f Bombay, who died 1676.
Y ol. 2, 1727. A host interesting account o f the place, ivritten on thin India paper, W H IC H IS FAST P E R IS H IN G . The story o f “ Gunner Ince’ s ” heroical defence y f Angengo,* some time prior to 1717, is worthy of a place beside Clive’ s defence of Arcot, aboirt 50 years later.
The Angengo “ P R O C E E D IN G S ” extend from 1774 to 1804. .
The East India Company built a factory and .fort at Angengo [Attinga, i.e., Anju-tenga, “ Five Cocoa-nut T re e s ” ] in 1695? but abandoned it in 1810, jvhen the sfation was subordinated to their Political Resi-'
* Since the publication o f the first edition .o f the R eport this has been published in the Times of 27th July 1886.
dent at Trevandrum. Angengo was the birth-place ctf Robert Orme, “ tha British Thucydides,” and “ father of Orienta} History.” He was born here in 1728, and died in England in 1801. It was, also the birth-place of i\£rff.
Paniel Draper, Sterne’s.[and the Abb6 Raynal’s] “ Eliza ” ; wjio died in Bristol 1778, aged 35. “ Eliza’s T ree” at Masu
lipatam was swept away b*y the great cyclone of J 864.*
•
IY .—- Fo r t St. Ge o r g e [ Ma d r a s] Re c o r d s.
A . Twenty-three volumes of Diaries and Consultations, ' from 1662-63 to 1705.
B. Twenty-six volumes of letters from Fort St. George, from 1661-62 to 1704.
C. Twenty-one volumes o f letters to Fort St. George, from 1672-73 to 1703-4. Yol. 13, 1687-88, is missing.
Fort St. George was founded by Francis Day in 1639-40, in subordination to Bantam; and in 1653 was raised to the rank <5f an independent Presidency.
V .— Fo r t S t. Da v i d Re c o r d s.t
A. Diaries and Consultations, four volumes, namely, for 1696, 1698, 1702, and 1704.
B. Letters from Fort St. David, one volume, namely, for 1692-93.
C. Translates of “ Phirmans,” , dated from 1689 to 17£>1, in two volumes.
Fort St. David [Cuddalore] was built on a site pur
chased from the Mahrattas in 1690, and after the .capture of Madras, in 1746, became for a time the chief^ettlement of the East India Company on the Coromandel coast.
•
Y L —Me t c h l i p a t a m [ Ma s u l i p a t a m] a n d Ma d a p o l l a m Re c o r d s.
A . Thirteen volumes of Diaries and Consultations, from 1675 to 1685.
--- * --- Z--- j---
**The A bbe Raynal’s apostrophe to Eliza Draper in his History o f the Settlement and Trade o f the East and West Indies, begins “ Anjengo, thou art nothing, but thou hast given birth to Eliza ! ” ; and it goes on in this absurd way for five 8vo. pages, in pica, every paragraph beginning with 1 Anjengo,’
or ‘ Eliza.’
f See also Cuddalore Records, p. 89.
B. Thirteen volumes of letters from the above Factories, from 1640 to 1686.
C. Eleven volumes of letters to the above Factories, from 1670-71 to 1685.
The Metchlipatam [i.e., Machlfpatam, “ Fish-tow n” ] or Masulipatam* Factory was. founded in 1611 under Captain Anthony Hippon, who commanded the Globe in
“ the Seventh Separate Voyage.” The English expelled by the Dutch from the Spice Islands found a* refuge here in 1622. The place w&s taken by the Dutch in 1686, but was re-occupied in 1690 by the E nglish; to whom it was Anally assigned after its recapture from the French [by Colonel F orde], in 1766.
V II.— Co n i m e r o Re c o r d s.
Four volumes of Diaries and Consultations, namely, for 1682-83, 1683, 1684, and 1685. One volume of letters from Conimero [also Conimere, Conimeer}, 1684, and one volume of letters to Conimero, 1684.
V III.— Pe t t i p o l l e e Re c o r d s.
Four volumes o f Diaries and Consultations o f 1683, 1684, 1685, and 1686-87. Two volumes of letters from Pettipollee, for J 6 8 2 -8 4 and 1685, and one volume of letters £o Pettipollee, for 1684-85.
_ * There is no certain etymSlogy of the name of Masulipatam, the MaicrwXta of Ptolemy and MaouAta " o f - the ~Periphts-j- bu tit-is_siran g e tTiat, from the time of the Pgriplus, Masulipatam has been famed for its muslins, anil otheF artistic cott<fn textures, and that the word muslin is derived from Mosul
[i.e., Mausul or Mausil], the Arabic name of the city which occupies part of the site o f Nineveh, i.e., “ Fish-Town ” ; and that while on the coasts of Southern India masoli and*masuli mean “ fish,” and masola on the (Joro- mandel Co#st means “ fishing-boat,” mahsul in Arabic means “ a tax,” and mahsuli “ a revenue station.” There used formerly to be an intimate connec
tion between the countries in the Persian Gulf and Masulipatam; and the characteristic fabrics manufactured there are still exported to Persia and Syria.
The Pettipollee [Pettapollee, Pottapolle] factory, esta
blished by Captain flippon and Peter Williamson Floris, is generally identified with Nizampatam, near Ellore, the name being derived from the neighbouring village of Pedapali.
I X .—CUDDALORE RECORDS,
*Two volurpes of Diaries and Consultations for 1685 and 1686. One volume of letters from, 1 6 8 4 ; and two volumes of-letters to, namely, for 1684 and 1685.
The East India Company first settled at Cuddalore [Kudalur, “ (the town at) the-Junc$ion-of-two-Rivers ” ] in 1682, erecting Fort St. David for the protection o f the place about 1690-1.
X .—Yi z a g a p a t a m Re c o r d s.
•
Three volumes of Diaries and Consultations for 1692-93, 1693-94,'and 1694-95.
The Company’s Factory at Yizagapatam [Yisakhapatam,
“ the 'City of Visakha,” i.e., Mangala, or Karttikya, the Hindu Mars] was established in 166 8; was seized by the Mogols in 1 6 8 9 ; and restored to the Company in 1690.
X I .— Co r o m a n d e l Co a s t R e c o r d s.
One volume, being a collection put together in 1788, relative, to various Factories, “ Tangore,” “ Arraagaon,”
&c., from 1624 to 1681.
Armagon, or Armeghon, the Company's first Factory
*on the Coromandel Coast, was built on the site of Chenna Xuppam, near Durgarayapatnam, in the Nellortf .District of the Madras Presidency, and was named after Arumugam Mudaliar, who greatly aided the Company in settling here in 1685. But the place was not very suitable for trade, 'and it had to be abandoned in 1638 in favour of Madras.
* See also Fort St. David Records, p. 87.
*
X I I . —Ca l c u t t a, [including Ch u t t a n u t t e e] Re c o e d s. •*
A . Eleven volumes of Diaries and Consultations, from 1690 to 1806.
The volume [5th] for 1698-^9 entered in the Depart
mental List, No. 2,397, is missing ;* while I have found a volume for 1697-98, not entered in the said Depart
mental List. In*the Consultations Volume for December 1694, reference is made to the wreck of th*e Royal James and Mary, which is thus described in a letter to the Com*- pany from Chuttanuttee, dated the 14th of that month (O.C. 5949)
* “ The Royal James and Mary [James I I . and Mary of
“ Modena] arrived in Balasore Road from the W est Coast
“ in August, with 286 Behar and 415 lbs. of Pepper, and
“ Redwood 268 candy 16 maunds, which she took in at
“ Madras ; but coming up the river .o f Hugly on the 24th
“ of September she fell on a sand on this side Tumbolee
“ Point, and was unfortunately lost, for she ilftmediately.
“ overset and broke her back, with the loss o f four or five
“ men’ s lives.”
This shipwreck of the Royal James and Mary is obviously the origin o f the name .of the James and Mary Sandbank, which has hitherto been supposed, by people in Calcutta, to be an Anglo-Indian corruption of either jahaz-mara
“ [the place where] the ship struck,” or jal-mari, “ dead watar.”
B. Ten volumes *of letters from Calcutta .to Chutta
nuttee, from 1690 to 1 7 0 4-5.
C. Eight volumes o f letters to Calcutta and Chutta
nuttee, from 167 7-78 to 1 7 0 3-4.
In 1*686, the English retreating from Hugli established themselves under Job Charnock at Chatanati. The new settlement gradually extended itself to Kalikata [Calcutta]
'and Grovindpur; and from 1689 became the chief ^eat o f the East India Company in Bengal. Port W illiam was
This volume has since t>een found.
originally built in 1696 ; and the three villages of Chata- nati, Kalikata, and Govindpur were finally assigned to the- Company in 1700. “ The 24 Parganas,” forming the sub-urban [Calcutta] “ District ” of the “ Presidency Divi
sion ” of Bengal, were ceded to the Company by Mir Jafhv our puppet Nawab Nazim gf Bengal, 20th December 1757.
[ I I I . — H u g h l y Re c o r d s.
A. Four volumes of Diaries and Consultations, namely, for 1 6 7 6 -7 7 and, 1677-78, the volumes for 1678-79 and.
167 9-80 being missing [in 1878, but since found J.
B. Four volumes of letters from* Hugly, namely, fo r 1678-79, 1679-80, and 168 0 -8 2 , the volume for 1684 being missing [in 1878, but since found].
C. Four volumes of letters to India, namely, for 1678-79, 1679-80, 1682-83, 1683-84.
The East India Company’s Factory at Hugli was
‘established in 1640, in order to provide them with a, better port for trading with Lower Bengal than Pippli in Orissa, where they had a factory from 1624 to 1642.
X I V . — CoSSIM BA ZA AR ' [ '“ C A ST L E BA ZA AR ” ] RECORDS.
Eight volumes of Diaries and Consultations from 1676-77 to 1684-85.
The East India Company’s first commercial agent at Kasimbazar was appointed in 1658.
X V . — Ma u l d a a n d En g l e sVa d R e c o r d s.
•
Five volumes of Diaries and Consultations from 1680 to 1690-93.
The East India Company had a factory at Maldah as far back as 1686. Angrez-abad, i.e., “ English-town,”
corrupted by us into Englesvad, and “ English-hazaar,”
gradually in the 17th century grew round the English Factory at Maldah.. and is now the? chief* town o f the District.
# • X Y I . — Pa t t a n a Re c o r d s.
Four volumes o f Diaries and Consultations from 1680-81 to 1683-84.
Patna [i.e., Pattana, “ the City the ancient Patali- putra, the Palibothra of Megasthenes, was the seat of one of the Company’s factories in Bengal so early as 1620.
X V II.—Da c c a Re c o r d s.
One volume o f Diaries and Records for 1689-91.
t)acca [Dakha, and so called from the dakh, or Butea frondosa, trees of the neighbourhood] was occupied by flourishing Dutch, English, and French factories in the 17th century.
X V I II .—Ba l a s o r e Re c o r d s.
Three volumes of Diaries and Consultations for 1679-80, 1680-81, and 1686-87.
The right to establish a factory at Balasore [B al- Eshwar, “ Strength of God ” ] was granted to the Company in 1642 ; and in 1645, and 1646, in return, as the story goes, for medical services rendered to the Great Mogul [Shah Jehan, 1 6 2 7 -5 8 ], and to his viceroy ih e Nawab o f Bengal [Sultan Shuja, 1 6 3 9 -6 0 ], by Surgeon Gabriel B(r)oughion o f the Company’s ship Hopewell, additional privileges were awarded to the Company in respect of their factories at Hugli and Balasore. It was to Balasore that the Pippli factory was transferred in 1642.*
X I X . — Re c o r d s r e l a t i n g t o Fo r t Yo r k, Fo r t Ma r l b o r o u g h, Ja v a, Si a m, a n d M a c a s s a r.
A. Fort York. Four volumes of Diaries and Consulta
tions from 1695 to 1 7 0 1-3. Three volumes of letters from Fort Y ofk for 1 6 8 5 -6 , 170 1-2, and 1702-3, and one volume of letters to Fort York for 11/0 1 —3.
B . Fort Marlborough. Instructions relating to ship Duke, and diary, 1^740-41. [The Fort Marlborough
“ PROCEEDIN GS ” extend from 1704 to 1818.]
C. Java. Two volumes of letters from Bantam, 1649-50, 1666, and ode volume of letters to Bantam, 1659-60.
D. “ Three extra volumes.”
#E. Siam. One volume of Diaries *and Consultations for 1683.
F. Macassar. One volume, 1613-s-74.
X X .—St. He l e n a Re c o r d s.— Four volumes of Consultations, &*c.
Vol. 1, 1676.
Vol. 2 ,1 6 9 4 -9 5 . • Consultations.
Yol. 3, 1695-96.
An odd volume, dotted 1677-1714. Copies of the laws and ordinances of St. Helena. This is one o f the most interesting volumes o f the Old Records.
The Dutch, who first occupied the Island of St.
Helena in 1645, abandoned it in 1651, when it was at once taken possession o f by the English. The Dutch expelled us from it in 1673, but we immediately retook it, and in December 1674 it was formally granted by the Crown to the East India Company, by whom it was held until 1834, when the island was re-invested in the Crown.
The Sfc Helena “ PROCEEDIN GS ” date from 1704 to 1835.*
* I ha*d in 1880 to determine whether there was any documentary evidence- in support o f a suggestion o f Longw ood having been convened to the Emperor Bonaparte, and the following extracts from the St. Helena P ro
ceedings in the India Office, made b y me in the course o f my search, are o f sufficient interest to warrant my printing them here as a foot-note.
The St. Helena Proceedings kept in the India Office extend, «as above shown, from 1704 to 1835,* and therefore cover the whole period of the
* A lter this w as w ritten several additional volu m es w ere fou n d , carrying th ese
“ P roceedin gs ” b a ck to 1676.
"There are no special separate Factory Records o f the
Emperor Bonaparte’s captivity, viz., from 1815 to 1821. They fill five long quarto volumes of MS. I looked through all.these volumes page by page, and found that, while they contained many interesting allusions and references to Bonaparte, there was not a word in then).of any conveyance o f Longwood to the E m p eror; on the contrary, they afforded presumptive evidence of no such -conveyance ever having been made or contemplated. They contain occa
sional reports on the Company’s farms on the island, and in these reports Longw ood is also mentioned, showing that to the last it continued to belong
to the Company. •
I.w ill now detail some of the entries relating to the Emperor which I have , moted in the volumes.
A .— St. Helena Council Volume fo r 1815-16.
1. Government Order of 11th September 1815 :—
“ A royal salute to be fired immediately in honour of the decisive victory obtained by the Duke of W ellington over Bonaparte in person, with the capture of 214 pieces of cannon. A festival for the garrison, with the usual .allowance of wine, to be prepared and issued on Thursday.
“ (Signed) T. H. Br o o k e, Secretary.
2. A Proclamation of 17th October 1815, setting forth that whereas H .R.H . the Prince Regent had been pleased to command that “ General N apoleon Bonaparte ” should be detained on the Island of St. Helena, and the Hon. Court of Directors have been pleased to issue orders consequent -on this determination, the inhabitants of the island are warned from aiding or abetting the escape o f the “ said General Napoleon-Bonaparte, or that of .any of the French persons who have arrived here with him ” ; and are interdicted from “ the holding any communication or correspondence with him or them,” on pain of expulsion from the island.
3. A*Government Order of 17th October 1815, directing, under orders from the Prince Regent, that “ General Napoleon Bonaparte ” is to be
respected and considered on all occasions as a General.” “ The respective
“ officers of this garrison, therefore, whenever the said General Bonaparte
“ may pass, or they may in any way meet with him, are to ffUrn out guards, and otherwise show him the same marks of respect precisely as a General
•“ in His Miajesty’s service [n o t in chief command] would be entitled to.”
4. Under the same date an entry is made to the effect that, Rear" Admiral Sir George Cockburn having signified his wish that the house at Longwood, hitherto the residence of fhe Lieutenant Governour, should be prepared for the recaption of “ General Bonaparte,” * it had becom e necessary th a t.
* T h e E m p e r o r landed o n th e isla n d 16th October^ and slept th e night in Jam es’
■ T ow n . T h e next m orn in g he rode o u t to see L on g w ood , w h ich w as to b e set in order for
following places, but only “ PROCEEDIN GS ” : Tan-
another house should be provided for the Lieutenant Governour, “ the rent of which together with all expenses ” are to be charged to the account of His Majesty’s Government, in obedience to the fourth paragraph of the Court’s letter of 1st August 1815. •
5. Under date of 24th October 1815 is a letter from Mr. Secretary Brooke to Mr. Joseph Luson, A cting A gent of the Hon. East* India Company at the Cape of G ood Hope, in which, inter alia, it is stated that, the arrival at the island of General Napoleon Bonaparte having led to the importation of regular and ample supplies of live stock and other necessaries from the Cape o f G ood H ope, for the use of the troops and squadron stationed at St.
Helena, “ it becomes a question - . . whether the services' of the St. Helena schooner will be any longer required here.”
6. Under date of 30th O ctober a Minute in Council allots compensation to His Excellency Rear-Admiral Sir George Cockburn for his removal from Longwood. This Minute is confirmed by the Council under date of 6th November following.
7. Under date of 9thN ovem ber isa letter from the St. Helena Council to His Excellency the Earl o f Moira* Governor General in Council, Bengal, pointing out how, owing to the residence on the island of “ General Napoleon Bona
parte,” and tike other State prisoners who have follow ed his fortunes, and the consequent “ large augmentation to our garrison besides naval armament,”
they were suddenly called upon to provide for an increased consumption of fctod, the supply of which was all the more straitened because of the cir
cumstance of all ships, except those of the K ing’s Government and the East India Company, being prohibited from touching at the island during the detention there of General Bonaparte ; and they request, therefore, that their indents on the Government o f Bengal for provisions may be punctually com plied with.
8. Under date of 14th Decem ber is a long Minute by Admiral Cockburn on the privations he had endured through giving up Longw ood to Bona
parte. It reads very like the record of an “ aboard of ship ” quarreli I t is very petty, and possibly throws light on Admiral Cockburn’s tftatm ent o f Bonaparte while the latter was at the Briars, o f which Las Casas complains.
9. Under date o f 6th December, Admiral Coekburn transmits for the
•consideration of <he Governor, Mr. Wilkes, “ some regulations which I deetn
“ necessany to be forthwith established for the better security of General
“ Bonaparte and his followers at Longw ood.” In consequence of ih e above
h is r e c e p tio n ; b a t o n his way b ack , having n oticed the hou se called th e B riars, and being very lo th to return to the room s w h ich had been assigned as h is tem porary residen ce in Jam es’ T ow n , Sir George C ockburn at on ce allow ed h im to ch an ge h is quarters t o the B riars. H e con tin u ed to live there u n til th e 10th D ecem b er, on w h ifii day he rem ored t o L on g w ood.