1JffiLi 'ij
4.5 Reading plates and interpreting results for fungi
The SDA plates culture plates were incubated at 30°C for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition produced by compounds and ciprofloxacin were recorded in mm and compared.
Inhibition zone of some selected active compounds are given below
i.d
I A
Figure 4.8: Antifungal activity olcompounds I, 2, 3 against Tricodarma harzianum
B.C. = Bacillus cereus
S.A. = Staphylococcus aureus L.M = Listeria tnonocvtogenes E.C. = Escherichia co/i
S.T. = Salmonella tjphitnurium C.F. = Citrobacterfreundii T.H. = Trichoderma harzianuin
81
Chapter IV Results and discussion
Table 4.3 : Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds
Name of Bacteria Name
of
Tasted Diameter of zone of inhibition in (mm) funghi
sample
B.
cereus S.
aureu L.
monocytogenes E.
co/i
S.
typhimurim
C frezuidi
T.
harzianurn
01 0 8 0 0 0 0 10
02 6 8 0 0 0 13 8
03 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
04* 8 14 15 0 0 14 14
05* 13 16 0 12 10 12 20
06* 12 15 0 15 13 12 17
07* 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
08* 11 16 0 16 11 14 0
09* 0 0 0 0 0 24 0
Standard 30 32 40 35 30 35 30
Compound 1 (4-hydroxy phenyl)- 1-phenyl-propenone Compound 2= 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7,7-dirnethyl-2-phenyl-
4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-chromen-5-one
Compound 3 = 4- { 3-[( 1 -Methylene-4-nitro-but-2-enyl)- hydrazono]-3--phcnyl-propcnyl } -phenol Compound 4 = 1,3-diphenyl-propanone
Compound 5= 2-Etoxy-4,6-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-3- carboxyhic acid propyl estcrand
Compound 6 = N-(2,4-Din itro-phenyl)-N' ( I ,3-diphenyl-allylidene)-hydrazine
a
Compound 7=1-(4-Amino-phcnyl)- 3-phenyl-propene
Compound 8 = 7-(4-Amino-phenyl)- 5-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-pyrano [2,3-d]
pyrimidine-2 ,4-dione
Compound 9z4 {l-[2,4-Dinitro- pheny1)-hydrazono-3-pheny1-a11yl } -
ph enyl amine
* For comparison with other substituent in our research group.
M
.
Chapter IV Results and discussion
The graphical representation of antimicrobial properties of the synthesized compound 01, 02 and 03 with standard has given below:
Fig 4.9: Zonc of inhibition vs bacterial and fungal strain.
From the antimicrobial screening it has been observed that the synthesized compound I possessed no activity against the tested bacterial strains except S.A. having 8 mm zone of inhibition. Synthesized compound 2 exhibited moderate activity against two gram positive bacterial strains B.C. and S.A and one gram negative strain C.F. having inhibition zone 6, 8 and 13 mm respectively. Compound 3 did not show any antibacterial activity against the tested strains. All of the synthesized compounds produce moderate activity against the fungi strain T.H. compared to the standard used Miconazole. Compound 1, 2 and 3 showed zone of inhibition 10, 8 and 6 mm respectively against T.H. From the observed result it can be assumed that compound 2 (4-(4-Hydroxy-pheriyl)-7,7-dimethyl-2-phenyl- 4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-chromen-5-one) which was synthesized from compound 1 (4- 3-[( I - Methylene-4-nitro-but-2-enyl)-hydrazono]-3-phenyl-propenyl } -phenol) showed enhanced antibacterial activities than compound I and antibacterial activities diminishes at compound 3 (4- {3-[( 1 -Methylene-4-nitro-but-2-enyl)-hydrazono] -3 -phenyl-propenyl) - phenol) which was synthesized from compound 2. Reverse order of activity was observed in case of the tested fungi T.H. The presence of unsaturated ketone function in synthesized compound may be responsible for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
83
C, H±<
F -F-94-IT—ok K I COW9 5 1, T ia I*1iJ1tI}:
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations
CHEAPTER V
Conclusion and Recommendations
This work described the synthesis, spectral characterization, and screening of antimicrobial activity of chalcone and chromene derivatives. First the chalcone was synthesized by p- hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde by Claisen smith reaction using NaOH as a catalyst and their structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, 'H NMR. This chalcone showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and showed good antifungal activity against Trichoderma harzianum. It was also observed that the chalcone possessed no activity against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia co/i, Salmonella typhimurium, Citrobacterfreundii. The compound, H 4-{3-[(l-Methylene-4-nitro-but-2-enyl)-hydrazono]- 3-phenyl-propenyl}-phenol did not show any activity against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia co/i, Salmonella typhimurium, Citrobacter freundi, Staphylococcus aureus. But the compound showed good antifungal activity against Trichoderma harzianum. The compound, III was successfully synthesized from chalcone and dimedone using zinc chloride as a catalyst and their structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, 'H NMR analysis. The compound also synthesized by Microwave irradiation using ethanol as a solvent. This compound showed highly antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii but no activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli. Salmonella typhimurium. The compound, Ill showed good antifungal activity against Trichoderma harzianum.
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