A field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Sher-e- Bangia Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207' during the period from October 2015 to January 2016 to study the "Effect of mulches and phosphorus on the growth and yield of squash". The experiment comprised of three levels of mulches viz.,
Mo
(control), MI(rice straw) and M2(black polythene) and three levels of phosphorus viz., Po(control),PI (60 kg P20s/ha) and P2 (90 kg P20slha). Thus there were nine treatments and the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on growth characters, yield contributing characters and yield of squash. All the growth characters varied significantly due to mulches and phosphorus but stem diameter and number of leaves at 15 days after transplanting was non- significant.
The parameter which was significantly varied by different mulches are as follows: The highest (56.38 ern) plant height and lowest (47.83 em) plant height, the maximum (31.77) number of leaves per plant and the minimum number (24.11) of leaves per plant at 45 days after transplanting, the maximum (2.70 em) stem diameter and the minimum (2.00 ern) stem diameter at 35 days after transplanting, the lowest days to
1st (10.22) and 50% (23.66) and highest days to 1st (14.29) and 50%
(28.29) male flower, the lowest days to 1st(12.48) and 50% (26.55) male flower and highest days to 1st (16.92) and 50% (32.44) female flower at days after transplanting, the lowest days (18.63) to 1st fruit harvest and highest days (25.29) to 1st fruit harvest at days after transplanting, the maximum (20.92) number of male flower per plant and minimum (16.85) number of male flower per plant, the maximum (18.29) number of female flower per plant and minimum (13.92) number of female flower per plant, the maximum (13.48) number of fruit set per plant and minimum (9.18)
number of fruits set per plant, the maximum (9.85) number of marketable fruits per plant and minimum (6.14) number of marketable fruits per plant, the highest (21.] 5 em) fruit length and the lowest (17.67 em) fruit length, the maximum (7.11cm) fruit diameter and the minimum (4.54 ern) fruit diameter, the maximum (328.0 g) fruit weight and the lowest (280.83 g) fruit weight, the highest (3.07 kg) fruit yield per plant and lowest (I.76 kg) fruit yield per plant the highest (12.01 kg) fruit yield per plot and lowest (6.99 kg) fruit yield per plot, the maximum (37.09 t) fruit yield per ha and lowest (21.58. t) fruit yield per ha was measured from M2 and
Mo
respectively.
The parameter which was significantly varied by different levels of phosphorus are as follows: The highest (53.63 em) plant height and lowest (49.31cm) plant height at 45 days after transplanting, the maximum (30.14) number of leaves per plant and the minimum (24.48) number of leaves per plant at 45 days after transplanting, the maximum (2.65 em) stem diameter and the minimum (2.00 ern) stem diameter at 35 days after transplanting were found from P2 and Po treatments, respectively. The lowest days to 1st (11.52) and 50% (25.25) maJe flower and highest days to 1st(13.03) and 50% (26.99) male flower, the lowest days to 1st(14.07) and 50% (28.37) female flower and highest days to 1st
(15.55) and 50% (30.48) female flower, the lowest days (20.92) to l" fruit harvest and highest days (23.33) to 1st fruit harvest was measured from PI and Po treatments respectively at days after transplanting. The maximum (20.37) number of male flower per plant and minimum (17.66) number of male flower per plant, the maximum (16.70) number of female flower per plant and minimum (15.22) number of female flower per plant, the maximum (12.22) number of fruits set per plant and minimum (10.22) number of fruits set per plant, the maximum (8.78) number of marketable fruits per plant and minimum (7.18) number of marketable fruits per plant, the highest (20.02 ern) fruit length and the lowest (18.86 ern) fruit length, the maximum (6.19 em) fruit diameter and the minimum (5.34
ern) fruit diameter, the maximum (299.82 g) fruit weight and the lowest (290.42 g) fruit weight, the highest (2.S8 kg) fruit yield per plant and lowest (2.20 kg) fruit yield per plant, the highest (10.14 kg) fruit yield per plot and lowest (8.S2 kg) fruit yield per plot, the maximum (31.32 t) fruit yield per ha and lowest (26.29 t) fruit yield per ha was measured from P2 andPorespectively.
In case of combined effect, tallest plant (61.23 em) and more leaves (36.00) per plant at 4S DAT were taken from the combinations of M2P2
while it was also observed significantly the maximum stem diameter (2.87 em) at 35 DAr, maximum male (22.22) flower per plant and female (19.11) flower per plant, maximum (14.43) number of fruits set per pJant, maximum (10.22) number of marketable fruits per plant, highest fruit length (21.79 em), maximum fruit diameter (7.S3 em), maximum fruit weight (338.26 g) as well was highest yield of fruit (3.29 kg) per plant, (12.94 kg) per plot and (39.95 t) per ha. Rest of the characters such as lowest days to 1st (9.5S) and SO%(22.11) male flowering, lowest days to l" (11.89), SO% (2S.66) female flowering, lowest (17.44) days to first fruit harvest was obtained from combination of M2P, (black polythene and 60 kg P20slha). Similarly, both control MoPo recorded significantly the shortest plant (47.SS em) at 45 DAT, minimum leaves (21.66) per plant at 45 DAr, minimum diameter (1.76 em) at 35 DAT, maximum days to )51(IS.11) and SO%(28.89) male flower days after transplanting, maximum days to l " (I7.66) and 50% (33.89) female flower days after transplanting , maximum (26.55) days tolst fruit harvest days after transplanting, minimum male flowers (l 6.11) per plant, minimum female flowers (13.22) per plant, minimum number of fruits set (8.22) per plant, minimum number of marketable fruits (S.11) per plant lowest fruit length (17.12 ern), lowest fruit diameter (4.23 ern), minimum (272.24 g) weight of individual fruit, lowest fruit yield (1.60 kg) per plant, (6.39 kg) per plot and (19.73 t) perha.
Combination of mulches and phosphorus the highest gross return (99,8,750 Tk) and lowest gross return (4,93,250 Tk) obtained from M2P2
and
Moro
treatment combination, respectively. Highest net return obtained 5,78,481.2 Tk and lowest net return 82,977.2Tk obtained from M2P2 and MoPo treatment combination, respectively. Calculating benefit cost ratio M2~2 treatment combination gave the highest (2.37) value than (1.20) MoPo treatment combination. So squash production with M2P2 is recommended for proper growth and yield of squash in aspect of Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University research field.Considering the findings of the experiment, it canbeconcluded that;
• Use of black polythene mulch showed best vegetative growth and yield of squash, which may also improve the soil health.
• Phosphorus (90 kg P20s/ha) gave best results for both vegetative growth and yield of squash.
• So, it can be concluded that combination of black polythene mulch and phosphorus (90 kg P20s/ha) is suitable for squash cultivation.
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