SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of the Findings
The summary of the major findings are presented in the following four
S LI bs cc t ions:
5.1.1 Selected Characteristics of Santa! 'Women
Age
Age scores of the Santal women ranged from 18 to 58 with an average of 31.68 and the standard deviation was 7.38. The highest proportion (51 percent) of the Santal women was middle aged, while 45 percent were young aged and 4 percent were old.
Level of Education
The level of education scores of the Santal women ranged from 0 to 14 with an average of 3.62 and the standard deviation was 2.97. The highest proportion (67 percent) of the Santal women had education up to primary level compared to Ii percent illiterate, 20 percent having secondary level of education and only 2 percent having upper secondary level of education.
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Family Size
The family size scores of the Santal women ranged from 2 to II with an average of 5.29 and the standard deviation was 1.74. The highest proportion (45 percent) of the Santal women had medium family size compared to 33 percent small and only 22 percent large family size categories.
Farm Size
Farm size scores of the Santal women ranged from 0.01 to 2.12 with an average of 0.28 and the standard deviation was 0.41. The highest proportion (87 percent) of the Santal women had marginal farm size compared to 4 and 9 percent having small and medium farm.
Family Annual Income
Family income scores of the Santal women ranged from 12.13 to 119.25 with an average of 45.24 and the standard deviation was 23.25. The highest proportion (39 percent) of the Santal women had medium family income compared to 33 percent under low family income and 28 percent under high family income.
Cosmopoliteness
Cosmopoliteness scores of the Santal women ranged from 4 to 13 against the possible range of 0 to 15 with an average of 9.18 and the standard deviation was 2.23. The highest proportion (65 percent) of the Santal women had medium cosmopoliteness compared to 4 percent having low cosmopoliteness and 31 percent having high cosniopolitencss.
Extension Contact
The extension contact scores of the Santal women ranged from S to 18 against the possible range of 0 to 39 with an average of 11.19 and the standard deviation was 2.48. The highest proportion (80 percent) of (lie Santa] women had low extension contact compared to 20 percent having medium extension contact.
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Innovativcncss
The innovativeness scores of the Santal women ranged from 6 to 21 against the possible range of 0 to 50 with an average of 12.04 and the standard deviation was 2.60. Findings show that 51 percent of the Santal women had medium innovativeness while near about same proportion (49 percent) had low innovativeness.
Knowledge on agricultural income generating activities (IGA)
The scores for knowledge on agricultural income generating activities (IGA) of the Santal women ranged from 7 to 14 against the possible range of 0 to 15 with an average of 8.37 and the standard deviation 1.69. The highest proportion (82 percent) of the Santal women had poor knowledge on agricultural income generating activities compared to 16 and 2 percent having medium and high knowledge on agricultural income generating activities respectively.
Attitude towards agricultural income generating activities (IGA) The scores for attitude towards agricultural income generating activities (IGA) of the Santal women ranged from 24 to 56 against the possible range of 0 to 64 with an average of 40.09 and the standard deviation was 7.35. The highest proportion (56 percent) of the women had medium attitude towards agricultural income generating activities compared to 13 and 31 percent having low and high attitude towards agricultural income generating activities (IGA) respectively.
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5.1.2 Participation in Agricultural Income Generating Activities
Measuri rig the extent of participation of Santal women in agricultural income generating activities was the main focus of this study. It was quantified by computing scores. These scores of the respondents could range from '0' to '80', where '0' indicates lowcst level of participation and 'SO' indicates highest level of participation. Computed scores of the respondents ranged from 24 to 75 with an average of 30.92 and the standard deviation was 13.44. The findings of the study indicated that the highest proportion (58 percent) of the Santal women of the study area had low participation in agricultural income generating activities compared to 28 and 14 percent having medium and high participation in agricultural income generating activities.
5.1.3 Relationship between the selected characteristics of the Santal women with their participation in agricultural income
generating activities (IGA)
Eleven null hypotheses were formulated to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the Santal women and their participation in agricultural income generating activities (IGA). For testing each of the hypotheses the co-efficient of correlation (r) test was used.
Correlation analysis indicates that age and family size of the Santal women had no significant relationship with their participation in agricultural income generating activities. Hence, the null hypotheses concerning these two variables were accepted by the researcher.
5.1.4 Problem Confrontation Index (PCI)
The Santal women expressed some problems as barriers for their effective participation in agricultural income generating activities. An attempt was made to identify the problem of the Santal women in participating iii different agricultural income generating activities (ICIA). As many as 10
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problems were mentioned by the Sanial women of the study area. The problems were ranked in a decreasing order of Problem Confrontthion Index (PCI) which ranged from 124 to 392.
The problems in descending order of Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) were as follows:
Lack of necessary agricultural land (PCI score-392) Lack of capital (PCI score-378)
Lack of extension workers (PCI seore-341) Lack of quality seeds (PCI scorc-270)
Lack of communication facilities (PCI seorc-222) Lack of sufficient fertilizers (PCI score-212) Lack of sufficient insecticides (PCI score-184) Lack of knowledge on IGA (PCI seore-161) Lack of marketing opportunities (PCI score-145) 10.Lack of co-operation of male (PCI score-124)