LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS
4.6 Yield and yield contributing parameters Number of spikes m -2
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4.6 Yield and yield contributing parameters
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Effect of varieties
Statistically significant variation was recorded in terms of different wheat varieties in terms of number of spikelet spike-1 (Table 4.4.19). The highest number of spikes spike-
1was observed from V2 (16.53) which was statistically similar to V1 (16.27) and followed by V6 (15.97), while the lowest number of spikes spike-1was found from V5 (15.19).
Interaction effect of sowing dates and varieties
Number of spikelet spike-1 varied significantly due to the interaction effect of wheat varieties and sowing dates under the present trial (Table 4.4.20). Data revealed that the highest number of spikelet spike-1 was observed from V1S4 (18.77), whereas the lowest number of spikelet spike-1 was obtained from the treatment combination V6S1 (11.43).
Total grains spike-1 Effect of Sowing dates
Number of grains per spike is important yield attribute which determine the yield potential of crop. More the number of grains per ear more will be the yield. Total grains spike-1 showed statistically significant differences due to different sowing dates (Table 4.4.18). Maximum grains spike-1 was recorded from S2 (44.03) which was statistically similar to S3 (44.01) and followed by S1 (38.29), again minimum grains spike-1 was observed from S5 (34.70).
Effect of varieties
Number of grains per spike is important yield attribute which determine the yield potential of crop. More the number of grains per ear more will be the yield. Total grains spike-1 varied significantly due to different wheat varieties under the present trial (Table 4.4.19). Data revealed that the highest total grains spike-1 was observed from V6 (46.0) which was statistically similar to V4 and V2 (44.87 and 44.48, respectively), whereas the lowest total grains spike-1 was found from V1 (38.55).
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Interaction effect of sowing dates and varieties
Statistically significant variation was recorded due to the interaction effect of wheat varieties and sowing dates in terms of total grains spike-1 (Table 4.4.20). The highest total grains spike-1 was found from V2S3 (52.33), while the lowest total grains spike-1 was recorded from the treatment combination V6S1 (25.00).
1000-grain weight
1000-grain weight showed statistically significant differences due to different sowing dates (Table 4.4.18). The highest 1000-seeds weight (54.32 g) was found from S2 which was statistically similar (53.60 g and 52.19 g) from S1& S3, while the lowest 1000-grains weight (35.81 g) was observed from S5. Chowdhury (2002) reported that 1000-grain weight decreased with delay in sowing time from November 15 and the lowest 1000- grain weight were recorded in December 15 sown plants.
Effect of Varieties
The 1000-grain weight is most important yield attribute, which determines the yield contribution of individual grain as well as quality appearance of grain. More the 1000- grain weight, more grain looks bolder in appearance. The 1000-grain weight determines the ability of the plant to translocate the photo assimilates to sink. Different wheat varieties showed statistically significant difference on 1000-seeds weight (Table 4.4.19).
The highest 1000-grains weight (49.48 g) was recorded from V6 which was statistically similar (49.21 g) to V5, whereas the lowest 1000-seeds weight (41.4 g) was found from V3 which was statistically similar (42.19 g) to V2.
Interaction Effect of sowing dates and varieties
Interaction effect of wheat varieties and sowing dates showed significant differences on weight of 1000-grains (Table 4.4.20). The highest weight of 1000-grains (56.83 g) was found from V6S2, while the lowest weight of 1000-grains (32.20 g) was obtained from the treatment combination of V3S5.
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Table 4.4.18. Effect of sowing date on yield contributing characters
Sowing days
Spike/m2
Spikelet spike-1
Grains spike-1
Grain weight (g)
Grain yield (t/ha)
Biological yield (t/ha)
Harvest index (%)
S1 247 13.09 33.29 53.6 3.29 14.17 23.2
S2 233.56 15.81 44.03 54.32 3.52 11.9 29.6
S3 236.83 16.36 44.01 52.19 3.39 10.3 32.9
S4 248.78 17.37 44.32 41.97 3.24 10.78 30.1
S5 200.22 16.86 42.7 35.81 2.44 8.64 28.2
LSD(0.05) 15.093 0.644 3.036 2.798 0.124 0.391 0.234
% CV 10.54 8.35 5.36 9.56 5.56 9.87 7.65
S1= Nov 20 S2= Nov 30 S3= Dec 10 S4= Dec 20 S5= Dec 30
Relations of biological yield with the average canopy temperature (booting, heading and anthesis)
The regression analysis showed that the biological yield was decreased with the increase of canopy temperature, however the solpe was not so high (-0.497). But when polygonal regression was fitted it was observed that the biological yield increased when the canopy temperature increased from 200C, was maximum at about 21.50C and thereafter decreased.
Fig.4.4.15 Relationships of the biological yield with the average canopy temperature from booting to anthesis
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Table 4.4.19.Effect of variety on yield contributing characters of wheat Variety Spike
m-2
Spikelet spike-1
Grain s spike-
1
1000- Grain weigh
t (g)
Grain yield (tha-1)
Biologic al yield (tha-1)
Harvest index
(%)
V1 224.53 16.97 38.55 44.97 3.41 11.3 30.2
V2 223.73 16.53 44.48 42.19 2.97 10.58 28.1
V3 263.93 15.93 43.89 41.4 3.42 11.49 29.8
V4 248.13 15.77 44.87 47.23 3.72 11.24 33.1
V5 204 15.19 42.63 49.51 3.23 10.99 29.4
V6 235.33 15.97 46 49.48 3.81 11.33 33.6
LSD(0.05) 16.534 0.706 3.325 2.066 0.355 1.085 0.465
CV% 12.42 5.56 7.58 6.89 5.56 8.78 7.673
V1= BARI Gom 25, V2= BARI Gom 26, V3= BARI Gom 27, V4= BARI Gom 28, V5= BARI Gom 29, V6= BARI Gom 30
Grain yield/ha Effect of sowing date
Grain yield is the function of effective tillers, spikem-2 number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Data on grain yield have been presented in Table 4.4.18. Sowing date significantly affected the grain yield of wheat. Crop sown on November 20 recorded the highest grain yield which was statistically at par with November 5 sowing. Different sowing dates showed statistically significant differences on grain yield (Table 4.4.18).
The highest
grain yield (3.52 t ha-1) was recorded from S2 that mean November 30 sowing which was statistically similar (3.39 t ha-1) to S3 and closely followed (3.29 t ha-1) by S1.
Effect of varieties
Statistically significant variation was observed for different wheat varieties in terms of grain yield (Table 4.4.19). The highest grain yield was found from V6 (3.81 t ha-1) BARI Gom 30 which was statistically similar to V4 (3.72 t ha-1) BARI Gom 28 due to its heat tolerant, blast disease registrant and yield potentiality and followed by V1 (3.41 t ha-1),
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whereas the lowest grain yield was found from V2 (2.97 t ha-1) BARI Gom 26 due to blast susceptible.
Interaction effect of sowing dates and varieties
Effect of wheat varieties and sowing dates showed significant differences on grain yield (Table 4.4.20). The highest grain yield (4.28 t ha-1) was observed from V6S2 that mean November 30 sowing with BARI Gom 30 variety followed (3.95 t ha-1) by V4S2 BARI Gom28 variety with December 10 sowing and statistically similar results (4.10 t ha-1) was also found from V6S3 that mean December 10 sowing with BARI Gom 30 variety and V4S3 BARI Gom 28 variety with December 10. Higher grain yield under November 30 sowing was attributed to higher yield contributing characters, chlorophyll content, lower canopy temperature), number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Ram et al., (2013) and Kaur et al., (2010) also reported higher grain yield under November 15 sowing as compared to late sown conditions in Hisar (Haryana). While the lowest grain yield (2.28 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination V5S5 that mean December 30 sowing with BARI Gom 29 variety followed (2.32 t ha-1) by V1S5 that mean December 30 sowing with BARI Gom 25 variety and statistically similar to V3S5 that mean December 30 sowing with BARI Gom 27 variety.
Biological yield Effect of sowing dates
Biological yield is the total biomass produced by the plant during its life cycle. Different sowing dates showed statistically significant differences in terms of biological yield (Table 4.4.18). The highest biological yield (14.17 t ha-1) was found from S1 which was closely followed (11.90 t ha-1) by S2.
Effect of Variety
Biological yield showed statistically significant difference due to different wheat varieties (Table 4.419). Data revealed that the highest biological yield (11.49 t ha-1) was observed from V3 which was statistically similar (11.30 t ha-1) to V1 and followed (11.24