এর সংক্রমণে সমগ্র - Dhaka Imperial college

(1)

XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR

mywcÖq wkÿv_©xe„›`,

†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ ï‡f”Qv| Avkv Kwi gnvb ¯ªóvi K…cvq †Zvgiv mK‡jB fv‡jv Av‡Qv| eZ©gv‡b Ô†KvwfW 19Õ-Gi msμg‡Y mgMÖ wek^mn Avgiv GK AbvKvw•ÿZ mgq AwZμg KiwQ| e¨vnZ n‡”Q GKv‡WwgK Kvh©μg| B‡Zvc~‡e© †Zvgv‡ì GwcÖj I †g gv‡m evwo‡Z cov I PP©vi Rb¨ 2q e‡l©i wm‡jev‡mi wKQz †bvU I cÖkœvewj ( MCQ I CQ ) cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk mxwgZ AvKv‡i AbjvB‡b Live Class Kvh©μg Pj‡Q| K‡ivbvKvjxb QzwU `xN© nIqvq AbjvBb K¬v‡mi cvkvcvwk Pjgvb Ryb gv‡m evwo‡Z cov I PP©vi Rb¨ 2q e‡l©i wm‡jev‡mi AviI wKQz †bvU I cÖkœvewj ( MCQ I CQ ) †cÖiY Kiv n‡jv| 2q e‡l©i cÖ`Ë cÖkœ¸‡jvi Dci Assignment †bqv n‡e Ges b¤î cieeZ©x (2q e‡l©i) wgW Uv‡g©i mv‡_ †hvM Kiv n‡e| AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, D³ welq¸‡jv Avmbœ cÖvK&&-wbe©vPbx cixÿv-2020-Gi AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e| myZivs g~jëvb mgq Ah_v bó bv K‡i evwo‡Z h_vh_

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Aa¨ÿ

XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR

QzwUKvjxb cov (Avmbœ 2q e‡l©i)ÑweÁvb wefvM

welq : c`v_©weÁvb 2q cÎ

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq (Pj Zwor)

( K) Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi

1) cÖkœ : †iv‡ai DòZv mnM Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi :

0⁰C

ZvcgvÎvi GKK †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv cwienxi ZvcgvÎv cÖwZ GKK e„w×‡Z Zvi †iv‡ai †h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K H cwievnxi Dcv`‡bi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM e‡j|

2) cÖkœ : AwZcwievnxZv Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : AwZ wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq wKQz wKQz c`v‡_©i †iva k~‡b¨ †b‡g Av‡m| G mKj c`v_©‡K AwZcwievnx e‡j| c`v‡_©i G ag©‡K AwZcwievnxZv e‡j|

3) cÖkœ : Zwo”PvjK kw³ Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : cªwZ GKK Avavb‡K †Kvl m‡gZ †Kv‡bv e× eZ©bxi GK we›`y †_‡K m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h cwigvb KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K H †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j|

4) cÖkœ : Av‡cwÿK †iva Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKK ˆ`‡N©¨i I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎd‡ji †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K H ZvgvÎvq H cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cwÿK †iva e‡j|

5) cÖkœ : wKk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki|

DËi : †Kv‡bv e× Zwor eZ©bxi wewfbœ Ask¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i Avbylw½K cÖev‡ni ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK mgwó H eZ©bxi AšÍf©~³ †gvU Zwo”PvjK kw³i mgvb|

6) cÖkœ : kv›U Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : AwaK cwigvY cÖevn wM‡q hv‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K bó Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M †h Aígv‡bi

†iva mshy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K kv›U e‡j|

7) cÖkœ : kv‡›Ui ¸YK Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ kv›U hy³ _vK‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn‡K †h ivwk w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡j g~j cÖevngvÎv cvIqv hvq Zv‡K kv‡›Ui ¸YK e‡j|

8) cÖkœ : wgUvi weªR Kx ?

DËi : †h h‡š¿ GK wgUvi j¤^v mylg cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i GKwU Zvi‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri bxwZ e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv ARvbv †eva wbY©q Kiv

nq Zv‡K wgUvi weªR e‡j|

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9) cÖkœ : wbivcËv wdDR Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : AwZwi³ we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j `~N©Ubv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ evwo‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK jvB‡b wUb I mxmvi wgkÖ‡b ˆZwi †h miy Zvi e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv‡K wbivcËv wdDR e‡j|

10) cÖkœ : Zwor †Kvl Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : †h h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ ivmvqwbK kw³ †_‡K wbiew”Qbœfv‡e Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Zwor †Kvl e‡j|

11) cÖkœ : wK‡jvIqvU-N›Uv Kx ?

DËi : GK wK‡jvIqvU ÿgZvi †Kv‡bv hš¿ GK N›Uv KvR Ki‡j †h kw³ e¨q nq, Zv‡K GK wK‡jvIqvU-N›Uv e‡j|

12) cÖkœ : †Kv‡li nviv‡bv †fvë Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : †Kv‡li †fZi w`‡q Zwor cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡Z †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³i GKwU Ask e¨wqZ nq, Zv‡K †Kv‡li nviv‡bv †fvë e‡j|

13) cÖkœ : Zvob †eM Kv‡K e‡j ?

DËi : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li `yB cÖvšÍ GKwU cwievnx Zvi w`‡q hy³ Ki‡j cwievnxi gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv Zwor cÖevn m„wó K‡i| Zwor cÖev‡ni mgq B‡jKUªb¸‡jv †h Mo †e‡M cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K Zvob †eM e‡j|

(L) Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi

1) cÖkœ : ZvcgvÎv evov‡j cwievnxi †iva ev‡o †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : cwievn‡Ki g‡a¨ gy³ B‡jKUª‡bi cÖev‡ni d‡j ZworcÖevn m„wó nq| gy³ B‡jKUªb cÖev‡ni mgq cwievn‡Ki AYy-cigvYyi mv‡_ msN‡l©

wjß nq, hvi Kvi‡Y cwievn‡K †iv‡ai D™¢e nq| ZvcgvÎv evo‡j AwZwi³ kw³ cvIqvq cwievn‡Ki AYy-cigvYy¸‡jvi K¤úb †e‡o hvq, d‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jvi mv‡_ G‡`i msNl© e„w× cvq Ges ZworcÖevn Pjvi c‡_ †ewk evavi m„wó nq| GKvi‡Y ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j cwievn‡Ki †iva e„w× cvq|

2) cÖkœ : Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j eZ©bx‡Z Zvc Drcbœ nq †Kb ?

DËi : Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j Zwor eZ©bx‡Z †h Zv‡ci D™¢e nq Zvi KviY B‡jKUªb gZev‡`i mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| Zwor cwievn‡K †ek wKQz msL¨K gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| cwievn‡Ki `yB we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv AYy-cigvYyi AvšÍtAvYweK ¯’v‡bi ga¨w`‡q cwievn‡Ki wb¤œ wefe wewkó cÖvšÍ †_‡K D”P wefe wewkó cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K, d‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni m„wó nq| GB B‡jKUªb¸‡jv Pjvi mgq cwievn‡Ki cigYyi mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq Ges B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ cigvYy‡Z mÂvwjZ nq, G‡Z cigvYyi MwZk³ Av‡iv e„w× cvq| GB ewa©Z MwZkw³ Zv‡c i~cvšÍwiZ nq Ges cwievn‡Ki ZvgvÎv e„w× cvq| G Kvi‡Y Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j eZ©bx‡Z Zv‡ci D™¢e nq|

3) cÖkœ : A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM

3.910^³/⁰C

ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?

DËi :

0⁰C

ZvcgvÎvi GKK †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv cwienxi ZvcgvÎv cÖwZ GKK e„w×‡Z Zvi †iv‡ai †h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K H cwievnxi Dcv`‡bi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM e‡j|

A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM

3.910^³/⁰C

ej‡Z †evSvq,

0⁰C

ZvcgvÎvi

¹^

†ivawewkó A¨vjywgwbqvg Zv‡ii ZvcgvÎv

¹^K

evov‡j Gi †iva

3.910^3

e„w× cvq|

4) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³

1.5V

ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

DËi : cªwZ GKK Avavb‡K †Kvl m‡gZ †Kv‡bv e× eZ©bxi GK we›`y †_‡K m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h cwigvb KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K H †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j|

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³

1.5V

ej‡Z †evSvq

1C

Avavb‡K H †Kvl m‡gZ †Kvb eZ©bxi GKwe›`y n‡Z GKevi m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q cybivq H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z

1.5J

KvR nq|

5) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv Zwor e¨vUvwii Mv‡q

5Amhour

†jLvi A_© e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : †Kv‡bv Zwor e¨vUvwii Mv‡q

5Amhour

†jLvi A_© -e¨vUvwiwU‡K

5A

gv‡bi Zwor cÖevn ( PvR©vi ) Øviv PvwR©Z Kiv n‡j, GwU k~b¨

PvR© n‡Z c~b© ÿgZvi PvwR©Z n‡Z GK N›Uv mgq wb‡e|

hour Cs

hour

Am 5 1

5   ^¹

5Cs^¹3600s

18000C

A_©vr, e¨vUvwiwU

18000C

PvR© mwÂZ ivL‡Z mÿg|

6) cÖkœ :

0⁰C

ZvcgvÎvq Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK †iva

1.5610^8m

ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?

DËi : †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKK ˆ`‡N©¨i I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎd‡ji †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K H ZvgvÎvq H cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cwÿK †iva e‡j|

0C

0

ZvcgvÎvq Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK †iva

1.5610^8m

ej‡Z †evSvq,

1m

ˆ`N©¨ I

1m²

cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj wewkó Zvgvi Zv‡ii †iva

n‡e

1.5610^8

|

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7) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv cwievnxi cwievwnZv

0.2

wm‡gÝ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?

DËi : †h cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨

1V

n‡j Zvi ga¨ w`‡q hw`

1A

Zwor cÖevn P‡j Zvn‡j †mB cwievnxi cwievwnZv‡K

1

wm‡gÝ e‡j|

†Kv‡bv cwievnxi cwievwnZv

0.2

wm‡gÝ ej‡Z †evSvq †h, H cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨

1V

n‡j Zvi ga¨ w`‡q

0.2A

Zwor cÖevn P‡j|

8) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai f~wgKv Kx, e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : cÖ‡Z¨K Zwor Dr‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i wKQz †iva _v‡K hv me©`v Zwor cÖevn‡K evav †`q| G‡K Dr‡mi Af¨šÍixY †iva e‡j| G †iv‡ai Kvi‡Y eZ©bxi ewnt¯’ †iv‡a cÖvß wefe cv_©K¨ Dr‡mi Zwo”PvjK kw³ A‡cÿv Kg nq| G Kvi‡YB ewnt¯’ eZ©bx‡Z cÖvß kw³, Drm KZ…©K e¨wqZ kw³i mgvb nq bv|

9) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv eZ©bx‡Z Zwo”PvjK kw³ I wefe cv_©K¨ GK bq †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv GK we›`y n‡Z

1

Kzj¤^ PvR©‡K †Kvl m‡gZ m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K

†Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j| Aciw`‡K, Zwor †ÿÎ ev Zwor eZ©bxi GK we›`y n‡Z Aci GK we›`y‡Z

1

Kzj¤^ PvR© ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z †h cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K H `yB we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ e‡j| eZ©bx‡Z Zwo”PvjK kw³, wefe cv_©K¨ A‡cÿv †ewk nq| KviY, †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY

†iv‡ai `iyb me©`v †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i wKQz wefe cZb N‡U| A_©vr, eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK kw³ = eZ©bxi wefe cv_©K¨ + Af¨šÍixY wefe cZb| d‡j,

†Kv‡bv eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK kw³ I wefe cv_©K¨ GK nq bv|

10) cÖkœ : wKk©‡di 1g m~Î Pv‡R©i msiÿY bxwZ †g‡b P‡j  e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : wKk©‡di m~Î Abymv‡i, †Kv‡bv eZ©bxi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y w`‡q †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q AvMZ I wbM©Z †gvU cÖev‡ni †hvMdj k~b¨| †h‡nZz GKB mg‡q cÖev‡ni wnmve Kiv nq, ZvB H we›`y‡Z AvMZ I cÖ¯’vbK…Z †gvU Pv‡R©i †hvMdjI k~b¨ n‡e| A_©vr H we›`y‡Z †h cwigvY PvR© cÖ‡ek K‡i, wVK †mB cwigvY PvR© cÖ¯’vb K‡i| AZGe, eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡bv AwZwi³ PvR© m„wó ev †Kv‡bv Pv‡R©i we‡jvc N‡U bv| ZvB ejv hvq †h, wKk©‡di cÖ_g m~Î Pv‡R©i msiÿYkxjZv bxwZ †g‡b P‡j|

11) cÖkœ : kv›U Kxfv‡e M¨vjfv‡bwgUvi‡K iÿv K‡i ?

DËi : AwaK cwigvY cÖevn wM‡q hv‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K bó Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, †m D‡Ï‡k¨ M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍivj mgev‡q GKwU Aí gv‡bi †iva mv›U wn‡m‡e mshy³ Kiv nq| Gi d‡j g~j cÖevn `yÔfv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq| mv‡›Ui †iva Kg nIqvq †ewk cwigvY cÖevn Gi †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq Ges Aí cwigvY cÖevn M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq| G‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi bó nIqv †_‡K iÿv cvq|

12) cÖkœ : miy avZe Zvi‡K kv›U wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq bv †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : A¨vgwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Lye ¯^ígv‡bi GKwU †iva jvwM‡q A¨vgwgUv‡ii cvjøv e„w× Kiv nq| G‡K mv›U e‡j| †iv‡ai

R A1

m~Îvbymv‡i, miy avZe Zv‡ii †iva A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk nIqvq G‡K mv›U wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| KviY Gi d‡j A¨vgwgUv‡ii wfZi w`‡q †ewk gvÎvi Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡q A¨vgwgUvi‡K cywo‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ K_vq, miy avZe Zvi mv›U wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i A¨gwgUv‡ii cvjø †ewk e„w×

Kiv m¤¢e bq|

12) cÖkœ : Zwor eZ©bx‡Z A¨vgwgUvi †Kb †kÖwY‡Z mshy³ Kiv nq ?

DËi : eZ©bxi ZvorcÖevn cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ A¨vgwgUvi‡K eZ©bx‡Z †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Kiv nq| †kÖwY mgev‡q eZ©bx‡Z hy³ mKj h‡š¿i ga¨w`‡q GKB gv‡bi Zwor cÖevwnZ nq| G Kvi‡Y eZ©bxi ZworcÖevn mwVKfv‡e cwigv‡ci Rb¨ eZ©bx‡Z A¨vgwgUvi‡K †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡Z nq|

A¨vgwgUv‡ii †iva D‡cÿYxq nIqvq G mgq cwigvc¨ Zwor cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b N‡U bv|

13) cÖkœ : A¨vgwgUvi GK cÖKvi M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi  e¨vL¨v `vI|

DËi : M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi LyeB my‡e`x nIqvq Aí Zwor cÖev‡nB GwU cy‡o hvq| ZvB G‡K A¨vgwgUvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Gi mv‡_

mgvšÍiv‡j GKwU ¯^í gv‡bi †iva Z_v mv›U e¨envi Kiv nq| †h‡nZz mv‡›Ui †iva LyeB Kg ZvB eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv Ges g~j ZworcÖevn `yBfvM n‡q hvIqvq M¨vjfv‡bvwgUviI cy‡o hv&Iqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvq| cieZ©x‡Z

I_g

S S

I G 

m~Î e¨envi K‡i ZworcÖevn wbY©q Kiv hvq| GLv‡b,

G

I

S

h_vμ‡g M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi I mv‡›Ui †iva Ges

I_g 

M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ZworcÖevn| ZvB ejv hvq, A¨vgwgUvi GK cÖKvi M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi|

14) cÖkœ : evmv evwo‡Z we`y¨r ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mgvšÍivj mgevq e¨eü nq  e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : evmvevwo‡Z mvaviYZ Avgiv evwZ ev cvLv c„_K c„_Kfv‡e PvjvB| G¸‡jv‡K †kÖwY mgev‡q jvMv‡bv n‡j †h‡Kvb GKwU eÜ Ki‡Z PvB‡j

me¸‡jv eÜ n‡q †hZ Avevi †h‡Kvb GKwU‡K Pvjv‡Z PvB‡j me¸‡jv‡K Pvjv‡Z n‡Zv hv evmvevwoi Rb¨ LyeB AmyweavRbK| ZvQvov mgvšÍivj

mgev‡q me¸‡jv †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨ mgvb _v‡K| ZvB evmvevwo‡Z †iv‡ai mgvšÍivj mgevq e¨envi Kiv nq †hb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e me¸‡jv‡K

Pvjv‡bv hvq|

(4)

15) cÖkœ : wbivcËv wdD‡R weï× avZz e¨envi Kiv nq bv †Kb  e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : mxmv I wU‡bi ( mxmv 75% Ges wUb 25% ) mswgkÖ‡Y ‰Zwi GKwU miy Zvi‡K wbivcËv wdDR wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| G Zv‡ii Mjbv¼ Kg ( cÖvq

300⁰C

)| Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q AwZwi³ Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡j ZviwU Mig n‡q D‡V Ges Zv M‡j wM‡q we`y¨r mieivn eÜ K‡i †`q| g~jZ Mjbv¼ Kgvevi Rb¨ wbivcËv wdD‡R weï× avZz e¨envi Kiv nq bv|

16) cÖkœ : ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©‡b cwievnx I Aa©cwievnx GKBi~c AvPiY K‡i wKbv  e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©‡b cwievnx I Aa©cwievnx GKBi~c AvPiY K‡i bv| ZvcgvÎv evov‡j cwievnxi †iva ev‡o wKš‘ Aa©cwievnxi †iva K‡g|

KviY ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq cwievnx‡Z AwaK msL¨K gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K, ZvcgÎv evov‡j Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi msNl© e„w× cvq, d‡j †iva e„w× cvq|

Aciw`‡K ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq Aa©cwievnx‡Z KgmsL¨K gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| ZvcgvÎv evov‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb msL¨v evo‡Z _v‡K| d‡j cwievnxZv e„w× cvq Ges †iva n«vm cvq|

17) cÖkœ : ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : wgUvi eªxR ev ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’v ev wb¯ú›` we›`y ej‡Z eySvq, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨w`‡q †Kv‡bv Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡”Q bv| d‡j eªx‡Ri GK‡Rvov (

P,Q

) ev (

R,S

) †iv‡a GKB Zwor cÖevn AwZμg K‡i| GgZve¯’vq

S R Q

P 

cÖ‡hvR¨ nq|

18) cÖkœ : †Kv‡bv eZ©bx‡Z nviv‡bv wef‡ei gvb Kxfv‡e n«vm Kiv hvq ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixb †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡Z †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³i †h Ask e¨q nq Zv‡K nviv‡bv wefe e‡j| †Kv‡bv eZ©bxi †Kv‡li mv‡_ GKB gv‡bi †Kvl mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j †KvlØ‡qi Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai Zzj¨‡iva n«vm cvq, d‡j nviv‡bv wefe n«vm cvq|

Gfv‡eB eZ©bx‡Z nviv‡bv wef‡ei gvb n«vm Kiv hvq|

(M) AsK

1|

30⁰C

ZvcgvÎvi Uvs‡÷b Zv‡ii †iva

40

|

80⁰C

ZvcgvÎvq Gi †iva KZ? Uvs‡÷‡bi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM,

 510^³/⁰C

|

)

1

0( 

 R 

R

DËi:

48.69

2|

25W

Gi mvZwU ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ I

60W

Gi PviwU ˆe`y¨wZK cvLv cÖwZw`b

10

N›Uv e¨eüZ n‡j Ryb gv‡m ˆe`y¨wZK we‡ji wnmve †ei Ki|

cÖwZ BDwb‡Ui g~j¨

5.50

UvKv|

1000

W  nPt

DËi:

684.75

UvKv

3| GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK wnUvi

220V

mieivn jvBb †_‡K

0.2A

cÖevn MÖnY K‡i| wnUviwU

600

N›Uv e¨envi Kv‡j e¨wqZ kw³ KZ ?

1000

W  Vit

DËi:

26.4kWh

4|

40

†iv‡ai †fZi w`‡q

5A

cÖevn

10 min

Pvjbv Ki‡j

30⁰C

ZvcgvÎvi KZUzKz cvwbi ZvcgvÎv

100⁰C

-G †cŠQv‡e|

Rt i

W  ²

Ges

H mS

DËi:

2.0408kg

5|

27⁰C

ZvcgvÎv

1KW

ÿgZvi GKwU B‡jKwUªK †KZwj‡Z

2

wjUvi cvwb Av‡Q| †KZwjwU‡K

10

wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ myBP Ab Kiv n‡jv| hw`

Pvwicv‡ki Zvc n«v‡mi nvi

160J/s

nq, Z‡e

10

wgwb‡U †KZwji cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e|

Pt

W 

,

H₁mS(₂₁)

,

H₂ 1601060

kZ© Abymv‡i

W H₁H₂

DËi:

87⁰C

6| GKwU †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³

6V

| hLb †KvlwU

0.5A

Zwor cÖevn MÖnY K‡i ZLb Gi cÖvšÍØ‡qi wefe cv_©K¨

⁵^.⁵^V

†b‡g Av‡m| †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva KZ ?

iR V 

;

r R i E

 

DËi:

1

7| GKwU evwoi †gBb wgUv‡i

15A220V

wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| KZwU

100

Iqv‡Ui evwZ H evwo‡Z wbivc‡` e¨envi Kiv hv‡e ?

VI

P

Ges

P1

n P

DËi:

33

wU

8|

10,20

I

30

gv‡bi wZbwU †iva‡K †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ K‡i

12V

Zwo”PvjK kw³ Ges

1.5

Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai GKwU †Kv‡li mv‡_

hy³ K‡i eZ©bx c~Y© Kiv n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iva‡Ki cÖvšÍxq wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

3 2

1 R R

R

R_s   

;

r R i E

 

Ges

V iR

DËi:

1.95V,3.90V,5.85V

(5)

9|

100,200

I

300

gv‡bi wZbwU †iva‡K mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ K‡i

12V

Zwo”PvjK kw³ Ges

1.5

Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai GKwU

†Kv‡li mv‡_ hy³ K‡i eZ©bx c~Y© Kiv n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iv‡ai †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ cÖev‡ni gvb wbY©q Ki|

3 2 1

1 1 1 1

R R R

R_p   

;

r R i E

p



;

V iR_p

Ges ,

1

1 R

i V

3 3 2

2

,

R i V R i  V 

DËi:

0.117A,0.058A,0.039A

10|

9

†iv‡ai GKwU Zvgvi Zvi‡K AvqZb AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L wZb¸Y j¤^v Kiv n‡jv| GB Ae¯’vq ZviwUi †iva KZ ?

1 1

1 A

R _



L

,

2 2

2 A

R _



L

Ges

A₁L₁ A₂L₂

DËi:

81

11| †kÖwY mgev‡q mw¾Z `ywU cwievnxi †iva

40

hv mgvšÍivj mgev‡q

7.5

nq| cÖwZwU cwievnxi †iva wbY©q Ki|

2

1 R

R

R_s  

Ges

2 1

1 1 1

R R

R_p  

DËi:

30,10

12|

5m

j¤^v Ges

1.2mm

e¨vmwewkó A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi Zv‡ii wfZi w`‡q

2.75A

we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| GB Zv‡i cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û Kx cwibvY kw³ e¨q n‡”Q ? (A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi Av‡cwÿK †iva

 2.8010^8m

) |

r2

R L



 

,

Pi²R

DËi:

0.93614J

13| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³

1.5V

Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva

0.2

| Giƒc

6

wU †Kv‡li †kÖwY ms‡hv‡M MwVZ GKwU e¨vUvwii evB‡ii †Kv‡bv

†iva‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q

0.5A

cÖevn Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| evB‡ii †iva‡Ki †iva Ges †iva‡Ki cÖvšÍØ‡qi wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

nr R i nE

 

Ges

V iR

DËi:

16.8,8.4V

14| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³

1.5V

Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva

5

| Giƒc

8

wU †Kvl‡K mgvšÍiv‡j mvwR‡q

2

†iv‡ai mv‡_ hy³ Kiv n‡jv| eZ©bxi cÖevn wbY©q Ki|

r mR i mE

 

DËi:

0.571A

15| GKwU ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri Pvi evû‡Z h_vμ‡g

10,20,30

Ges

40

†iva hy³ Av‡Q| cÖ_g evû‡Z KZ †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e|

S R Q

P 

,

PP₁P₂

DËi:

5

†iva †kÖwY‡Z

16| GKwU ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri Pvi evû‡Z h_vμ‡g

10,20,30

Ges

40

†iva hy³ Av‡Q| Z…Zxq evû‡Z KZ †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e|

S R Q

P 

,

1 2

2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

R R R R R

R     

DËi:

60

†iva mgvšÍiv‡j

17| GKwU wgUvi weª‡Ri evg duv‡K

15

Gi GKwU Av`k© †iva Ges Wvb duv‡K GKwU ARvbv †iva hy³ Ki‡j Zv‡ii evg cÖvšÍ †_‡K

60cm

`~‡i wb¯ú›` we›`y cvIqv hvq| ARvbv †iv‡ai ‰`N©¨

120cm

Ges e¨vm

0.2mm

n‡j ARvbv †iv‡ai Av‡cwÿK †iva wbY©q Ki|

l l Q

p

 

100 Ges

L r Q r

Q L

2 2

 





_ _



DËi:

2.61810^7m

18|

20

†iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q

2A

Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Q| GKwU kv›U e¨env‡ii d‡j GB cÖevn K‡g

0.1A

nq| kv‡›Ui

†iva KZ ?

S S G i_g i 

 

DËi:

1.0526

19| GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva

100

| Gi mv‡_ KZ kv›U hy³ Ki‡j g~j Zwor cÖev‡ni

98%

kv‡›Ui ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡e?

G

S G i_s i 

 

DËi:

2.041

(6)

20| GKwU A¨vgwgUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY †iva

9

Ges GwU m‡e©v”P

0.5A

ch©šÍ cÖevn gvc‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨

5A

ch©šÍ cÖevn gvc‡Z Kx e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e ?

; 1

1

2  

 n

S r i

n i

DËi: A¨vgwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j

1

†iva hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|

(N) m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi

1| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z R

1

= 20 , R

2

= 30 , R

3

= 40 , †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E =12V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva r =2  | M) eZ©bx‡Z Zzj¨ †iva wbY©q K‡iv|

N) Zwor cÖev‡n d‡j Drcbœ Zv‡ci †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †ivawU‡Z †ekx Zvc Drcbœ n‡e - MvwYwZK we‡kølY mnKv‡i gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M)

R_s R₁R₂ 50











1 1 22 . 22 1

3 p s

p

R R R R

N) g~j cÖevngvÎv,

A

r R i E

p

495 .



0

 

A I C we›`y‡Z wefe cv_©K¨,

V iR_p 

11

V

R

1

I R

2

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A R

i V i

s

22 .

2

0

1  

R

3

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A R

i V

0 . 275

3

3  

R

1

G Zvc Drc‡bœi nvi,

H₁i₁²R₁

0 . 968

Js^¹

R

2

G Zvc Drc‡bœi nvi,

H₂ i₂²R₂ 

1 . 452

Js^¹

R

3

G Zvc Drc‡bœi nvi,

H₃i₃²R₃

3 . 025

Js^¹

†h‡nZz R

3

†Z Zvc Drc‡bœi nvi †ekx; ZvB R

3

†Z †ekx Zvc Drcbœ n‡e|

2| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z P = 120 , Q = 150 , R = 80  Ges †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 12 V

M) eZ©bxi A we›`y‡Z cÖevngvÎv wbY©q K‡iv|

(7)

N) †Kvb †ivaKwU AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †gvU cÖevn m‡e©v”P n‡e - MvwYwZK we‡kølY mnKv‡i gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M) 1



1



1

 

66 . 67



p p

Q R P R







R R

146 . 67

R_s _p

R A i E

s

08182 .



0



eZ©bxi A we›`y‡Z cÖevngvÎv 0.08182 A

N) P AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †iva, R

s1

= Q+R = 230 

cÖevngvÎv,

A

R i E

s

0522 . 0

1

1  

Q AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †iva, R

s2

= P+R = 200 

cÖevngvÎv,

A

R i E

s

06 . 0

2

2  

R AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †iva, R

p

= 66.67 

cÖevngvÎv,

A

R i E

p

18 .

3  

0 GLv‡b i

3i2i1

AZGe, eZ©bx †_‡K R †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †gvU cÖevngvÎv m‡eŸ©v”P n‡e|

3| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z R

1

= 20 , R

2

= 30 , R

3

= 40 , †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 12VGes Af¨šÍixY †iva r = 2  | eZ©bx‡Z †gvU cÖevngvÎv I ; eZ©bxi A I C we›`y‡Z 10  †iva hy³ Ki‡j eZ©bx‡Z †gvU cÖevngvÎv nq I

1

Ges H †ivawU‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i C I D we›`y‡Z hy³ Ki‡j eZ©bx‡Z †gvU cÖevngvÎv nq I

2

|

M) eZ©bxi R

2

†iv‡ai `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe c_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

N) eZ©bx‡Z I, I

1

, I

2

Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo; †KvbwU †QvU MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v mn ‡Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M)

R_s R₁R₂ R₃ 90 r A

R I E

s

1304 .



0

 

V IR

V₂ ₂ 3.913

N) cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î g~j cÖevngvÎv, I = 0.1304 A (M bs †_‡K ) w`¦Zxq †ÿ‡Î, AI C we›`y‡Z 10  †iva hy³ Ki‡j







 ₁ ₂ 50

1 R R

R_s











8 . 333

10 1 1 1

1

p s

p

R R R







 ₃

48 . 333

2 R R

R_s _p

(8)

r A R I E

s

2384 . 0

2

1 

 

Z…Zxq †ÿ‡Î, C I D we›`y‡Z 10  †iva hy³ Ki‡j











8 10 1 1 1

3

p p

R R R







 ₁ ₂ _p

58

s R R R

R

r A R I E

s

2 .

2 

0

 

GLv‡b I

1I2I

4| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z R

1

= 2 K, R

2

= 3 K, R

3

= 6 K, R

4

= 8K, R

5

=4 K Ges †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 220V | M) eZ©bxi AI B we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

N) eZ©bxi AI B we›`yi g‡a¨ GKwU †ivanxb Zvi jvMv‡j †gvU cÖevngvÎv c~‡e©i cÖevngvÎvi KZ ¸Y n‡e  MvwYwZK e¨vL¨vmn gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M)

  R  K

R R

R

1

_p

1 1

^p

3 . 4286

4 3







R R R R K

R_s ₁ ₂ _p ₅

12 . 4286

R A

i E

s

0177 . 6 0 . 12428

220



AI B we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨

V i(R₁R₂)88.51V

N) cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î g~j cÖevngvÎv i = 0.0177 A (M bs †_‡K ) w`¦Zxq †ÿ‡Î, AI B †Z †ivanxb Zvi jvMv‡j

†gvU †iva,

RR_pR₅ 

7 . 4286

K

ZLb g~j cÖevngvÎv,

A

R

i₁ E 0.0296

AZGe,

1.6723

0177 . 0

0296 .

1  0 

i i

i i₁1.6723



cÖevngvÎv 1.6723 ¸Y n‡e|

(9)

5| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z R

1

= 15 , R

2

= 10 , R

3

= 20 , R

4

= 30  Ges †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 12 V | M) eZ©bxi R

4

†iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|

N) eZ©bxi R

1

†iv‡ai Drcbœ Zvc Øviv 100 gm f‡ii eid LÛ‡K Mjv‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e ? MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M) 1



1



1

 

12



4 3

p p

R R R R







 ₂ _p

22

s R R

R

s

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A R

V R i E

s s

5455 .



0



R

p

Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨,

V iR_p 

6 . 546

V

AZGe, R

4

Gi ga¨w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A

R

i V

0 . 2182

4

4  

N) R

1

Gi ga¨w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A

R V R

i E

0 . 8

1 1

1  

R

1

G Drcbœ Zvc,

H₁ i₁²R₁t

eid Mjv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, H

2

= mL

f

kZ© Abymv‡i,

H₁H₂

mLf

t R

i 

 ₁² ₁ R S i

t mL₂ ^f

3500

1





6| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z R

1

= 15 , R

2

= 30 , R

3

= 10 , R

4

= 20 , R

5

= 12  Ges †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 12V | M) eZ©bxi Pvwe K

1

eÜ Ges K

2

†Lvjv _vK‡j eZ©bx‡Z Zzj¨ †iva KZ n‡e|

N) eZ©bxi Pvwe K

1

eÜ, K

2

†Lvjv _vK‡j R

3

Gi cÖevngvÎv Ges Pvwe K

1

†Lvjv, K

2

eÜ _vK‡j R

3

Gi cÖevngvÎvi wKi~c cwieZ© n‡e  MvwYwZK e¨vL¨vmn gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M) K

1

eÜ Ges K

2

†Lvjv _vK‡j







 ₃ ₄ 30

1 R R

R_s











1 1 15

1

1 2

p s

p

R R R R

(10)







 ₁ ₅

42

2 R R R

R_s _p

N) K

1

eÜ Ges K

2

†Lvjv _vK‡j

R A

i E

s

2857 . 0

2



R

p

Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨, V = iR

p

= 4.2857 V R

3

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A

R i V

s

14286 . 0

1

3  

K

1

†Lvjv Ges K

2

eÜ _vK‡j, R

2

I R

4

†iva Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|

AZGe,

R_s R₁R₃R₅ 37

R

3

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevngvÎv,

A R

i E

s

32432 .

/

0

3  

GLv‡b,

i₃^/i₃

AZGe cÖevngvÎv e„w× cvq,

i₃i₃^/ i₃

0 . 18146

A

7| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z ewn‡iva R = 50 , †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 12 V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva r = 1.2  | M) eZ©bxi R Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

N) eZ©bx‡Z Abyiƒc Av‡iv GKwU †Kvl †kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j †iva R G Drcbœ Zvc kw³i nvi †Kgb cwieZ©Y n‡e ? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

DËi : M)

A

r R

i E 0.2344

 

R Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨,

V iR11.72V

N) cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î cÖevngvÎv,

i₁ 0.2344A

R G Drcbœ Zvc kw³i nvi,

H₁i₁²R

2 . 7472

Js^¹

wØZxq †ÿ‡Î cÖevngvÎv,

A

nr R

i₂ nE 0.458

 

R G Drcbœ Zvc kw³i nvi,

H₂ i₂²R

10 . 489

Js^¹

GLv‡b H

2H1

AZGe Drcbœ Zvc kw³i nv‡ii e„w×, H = H

1

-H

2

=7.7417 Js

^-1

(11)

8| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx-K †Z E

1

= E

2

= 1.5 V; r

1

= r

2

= 0.3  Ges eZ©bx-L †Z E

1

=E

2

=E

3

= 1.5V; r

1

= r

2

= r

3

= 0.5  ; Dfq eZ©bx‡Z ewn‡iva R = 15  |

M) eZ©bx-K Gi †ÿ‡Î I

s

-Gi gvb KZ ?

N) eZ©bx-K I eZ©bx-L Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi ewnt‡iva †ekx DËß n‡e ? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

DËi : M)

A

nr R

i_s nE 0.1923

 

N) eZ©bx-K †Z cÖevngvÎv,

i_s 0.1923A

Drcbœ Zv‡ci nvi,

H₁i_s²R

0 . 5547

Js^¹

eZ©bx-L †Z cÖevngvÎv,

A

r mR

i_p mE 0.0989

 

Drcbœ Zv‡ci nvi,

H₂i_p²R

0 . 1467

Js^¹

GLv‡b H

1H2

AZGe eZ©bx-K Gi ewnt‡iva †ekx DËß n‡e|

9| wb‡P GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv nj:

DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z E

1

=12V, E

2

= 9V, R

1

=8 , R

2

=6 , R

3

= 15 , R

4

= 6  Ges R

5

= 4  | M) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z i

1

, i

2

I i

3

Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

N) Kvk©‡di m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ eZ©bx‡Z kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î cÖgvY Kiv hvq  DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gZvgZ `vI|

DËi : M) Kvk©‡di cÖ_g m~Îvbymv‡i,

i₃ i₁i₂

--- (i) Kvk©‡di wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i,

cÖ_g jy‡c,

i₁R₁i₃R₃ i₁R₄ E₁0

1 1 2 1

1 15( ) 6

8i  i i  i E



12 15 29₁ ₂ 

 i i

--- (ii) wØZxq jy‡c,

i₂R₂ i₃R₃i₂R₅E₂0

2 2 2 1

2 15( ) 4

6i  i i  i E



9 25 15₁ ₂

 i i

--- (iii)

(12)

(i), (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i nq

A i

A

i₁0.33 ,₂ 0.162 ,₃ 0.492

N) R

1

†iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cZb, V

1

=i

1

R

1

=2.64 V R

2

†iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cZb, V

2

=i

2

R

2

=0.972 V R

3

†iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cZb, V

3

=i

3

R

3

=7.38 V R

4

†iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cZb, V

4

=i

1

R

4

=1.98 V R

5

†iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cZb, V

5

=i

2

R

5

=0.648 V cÖ_g jy‡c, E

1

-V

1

-V

3

-V

4

=12-2.64-7.38-1.98=0 wØZxq jy‡c, E

2

-V

2

-V

3

-V

5

=9-0.972-7.38-0.648=0

1

=12V, E

2

=6V, R

1

=10 , R

2

=20 , R

3

= 30

†iv‡ai ÿgZv me‡P‡q †ekx|

ii₁i₂

2 0

2 1 3

2R iR E  i

6 20 30₂  ₁

 i i

6 . 0 3 2₁ ₂ 

 i i

--- (ii)

wb‡Pi jy‡c,

1 0

2 1

1iR E  iR

12 20 10  ₁

 i i

12 20 ) (

10 ₁ ₂  ₁

 i i i

2 . 1 3₁ ₂

 i i

--- (iii)

(i), (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i nq

A i

A

i₁0.2727 , ₂0.3819 , 0.6546

1

=12 V

AZGe, A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ Zzj¨ †iva

 18.33 i

R V

N) M bs †_‡K cvB,

i = 0.6546 A, i

1

= 0.2727 A, i

2

= 0.3819 A R

1

= 10 , R

2

= 20 , R

3

= 30 

R

1

Gi ÿgZv, P

1

= i

²

R

1

= 4.285 W

R

2

Gi ÿgZv, P

2

= i

12

R

2

= 1.487 W

R

3

Gi ÿgZv, P

3

= i

22

R

3

= 4.375 W

(13)

GLv‡b, P

3P1P2

A_©vr R

3

1

, i

2

, i

3

, i

4

, i

g

1

ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri bxwZ Abymv‡i,

  ₁ 

24



1

S S R Q

P

GLv‡b S

1S , AZGe S Gi mv‡_ S2

mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zzj¨ †iva n‡e S

1











1 1 120

1

2 1 2

S S S S

3 2 1 4 4 3 2

1 i i i i i i i

i

i       

g

g i i i

i i

i₁ ₃  ₃ ₁ ig

i i₄  ₂ 

0 40 10

100

i₁ i_g  i₂ 

0 4

10

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

--- (i) BCDB jy‡c,

0 10 30

60

i₃ i₄  i_g 

0 10 ) ( 30 ) (

60

₁  ₂   

 i i_g i i_g i_g

0 100 30

60

₁ ₂  

 i i i_g

0 10 3

6

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

--- (ii) ABCEA jy‡c,

0 60

100i₁ i₃E  E i i

i   _g 



100

₁

60 (

₁

) 12 60 160

₁ 

 i i_g

6 . 0 3 8

₁ 

 i i_g

--- (iii)

(14)

(i), (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i nq

A i

g 0.009945 ,

247 . 0 , 1658 . 0

08125 . 0 , 1757 . 0 , 0713 . 0

4

3 2

1





= 5  Ges R

1

= 20 |







 25

1 P Q

R_s







 15

2 R S

R_s











1 1 9 . 375 1

2 1

p s

s p

R R R R

RR_pR₁

29 . 375



3 2 1 4 4 3 2

1 i i i i i i i

i

i       

g

g i i i

i i

i₁ ₃  ₃ ₁ ig

i i₄  ₂ 

0 5 5

10

i₁ i_g  i₂ 

0 2

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

--- (i) BCDB jy‡c,

0 5 10

15

i₃ i₄  i_g 

0 5 ) ( 10 ) (

15

₁  ₂  

 i i_g i i_g i_g

0 30 10

15

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

0 6 2

3

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

--- (ii) ABCEA jy‡c,

0 20 15

10i₁ i₃E i

E i i i

i

i   _g   



10

₁

15 (

₁

) 20 (

₁ ₂

) 12 15 20

45

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

4 . 2 3 4

9

₁ ₂ 

 i i i_g

--- (iii) (i), (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i nq

A i

g 0.0168

, 4197 . 0 , 2685 . 0

1511 . 0 , 2854 . 0 , 1343 . 0

4

3 2

1





AZGe Pvwe K eÜ _vK‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevngvÎv

i_g 

0 . 0168

A

n‡e|

(15)

1| 0

⁰

C ZvcgvÎvi GKK †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv GKK e„w×‡Z Zvi †iv‡ai †h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K H cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi Kx e‡j ? (K) Av‡cwÿK †iva (L) †ivav¼ (M) †iv‡ai DòZv mnM (N) cwievwnZv mnM

(K) Kzj¤^ (L) †fvë (M) wm‡gÝ (N) A¨vw¤úqvi 3| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM FYvZ¥K ?

(K) Al (L) Cu (M) Si (N) Bi 4| cÖevn Nb‡Z¡i GKK Kx ?

(K) A-m (L) Am

^-1

(M) Am

²

(N) Am

^-2

5| Av‡cwÿK †iv‡ai GKK †KvbwU ?

(K)  (L) -m (M) -m

^-1

(N) mho

6| hw` wbw`©ó cwievnx‡Z wbw`©ó mgq a‡i Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j m„ó Zv‡ci cwigvY n‡e cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi - wb‡Pi †KvbwU ? (K) mgvbycvwZK (L) e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK (M) e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK (N) e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK 7| e„ËvKvi cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †Kv‡bv cwievnxi e¨vmva© A‡a©K Kiv n‡j, †iva n‡e 

VQt

(L)

VQ

(M)

Qt

V

(N)

t VQ

10| ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Kx cwigvc Kiv nq ?

11| wb‡Pi †Kvb m~Î e¨envi K‡i ûBU‡÷vb weªR bxwZ cÖwZcv`b Kiv nq ?

(K) mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ D”Pgv‡bi †iva (L) mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ wb¤œgv‡bi †iva (M) †kÖwY‡Z hy³ D”Pgv‡bi †iva (N) †kÖwY‡Z hy³ wb¤œgv‡bi †iva 13| mn‡R cvwb Mig Ki‡Z n‡j

(K) †ewk we`y¨r †ewk †ivaK Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cvVv‡Z n‡e (L) †ewk we`y¨r Kg †ivaK Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cvVv‡Z n‡e (M) Kg we`y¨r †ewk †ivaK Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cvVv‡Z n‡e (N) †ewk we`y¨r †ewk mycwievnx Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cvVv‡Z n‡e

14| cwievnxi cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i GKK †ÿÎd‡ji ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖevn‡K Kx e‡j ?

(K) Zwor ej (L) j‡iÄ ej (M) †PŠ¤^K ej (N) cÖevn NbZ¡

15| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq ? (K)

2 1

1 1 1

R R

R_p  

(L)

2 1

1 1 1

C C

C_s  

(M)

R_s R₁R₂

(N)

C_p C₁C₂

16| GKwU Zvi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Ki‡j

17| mvg¨ve¯’vq †Kv‡bv ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi cÖev‡ni gvb 

(K)

G S S



(L)

S G

G



(M)

G

S G

(N)

S

S G

(16)

(K) A¨vgwgUvi (L) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi (M) †cv‡UbwkIwgUvi (N) IÕgwgUvi 20| wgUvi weªR wb‡Pi †KvbwUi wfwË‡Z KvR K‡i ?

(K) †cvó Awd‡m wej msMÖ‡n (L) cwievnxi ARvbv †iva wbY©‡q (M) eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv wbY©‡q (N) †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ wbY©‡q 22| wb‡Pi †Kvb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †iva cwigvc Kiv nq ?

(K) wgUvi weªR (L) A¨vwgUvi (M) †cv‡UbwkIwgUvi (N) †fvëwgUvi 23| wbw`©ó cwievnx†Z wbw`©ó mgq a‡i Zwor cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡j Drcbœ Zv‡ci †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

(K) H  i

²

(L) H  R (M) H  t (N) H  i 24| we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j Drcbœ Zv‡ci †ÿ‡Î Ry‡ji cÖevnKv‡ji m~‡Îi iƒc †KviwU ?

(K) H  i

²

(L) H  R (M) H  t (N) H  t

²

(L) H  R (M) H  t (N) H  R

²

26| †KvwU mZ¨ ?

(K) V = I/R (L) V = QC (M) V = (PR) (N) V = R/I 27| 10 B.O.T. unit = ….kWh

(K) 1 (L) 10 (M) 3.6×10

⁶

(N) 3.6×10

⁵

28| GKwU B‡jKwUªK †gvU‡ii ÿgZv 0.25 Ak¦kw³| hLb GwU‡K 220 V mieivn jvB‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvN †`Iqv nq ZLb Gi ga¨ w`‡q KZ we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡e ?

(K) 1.212 A (L) 0.848 A (M) 0.424 A (N) 0.212 A cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

PVI

29| GKwU 1500 Iqv‡Ui wnUvi‡K 220 V jvB‡b 1 N›Uvi Rb¨ mshy³ Kiv n‡j H wnUv‡i Kx cwigvY we`y¨r cÖevn Pj‡e ? (K) 5.28 A (L) 5.82 A (M) 6.28 A (N) 6.82 A

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY, P = VI

30| 60 W – 220 V Ges 60 W – 110 V †jLv evj¦ `ywUi †iv‡ai AbycvZ KZ ?

(K) 1 t 1 (L) 2 t 1 (M) 1 t 4 (N) 4 t 1 cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

R P V

 2

31| 30

⁰

C ZvcgvÎvq wb‡Kj Zv‡ii †iva 100 | 75

⁰

C ZvcgvÎvq D³ Zv‡ii †iva KZ n‡e ? ( wb‡K‡ji Zv‡ii †iv‡ai DòZv mnM 610

^-

3

/

⁰

C )

(K) 117.39  (L) 120  (M) 122.88  (N) 124  cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

R_ R₀(1)

32| GKwU 1500 Iqv‡Ui wnUvi‡K 220 V jvB‡b 1 N›Uvi Rb¨ mshy³ Kiv n‡j H wnUv‡i Kx cwigvY we`y¨r cÖevn Pj‡e ? (K) 5.28 A (L) 5.82 A (M) 6.28 A (N) 6.82 A

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY, P = VI

33| GKwU ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri PviwU evû‡Z h_vμ‡g 10, 15, 20 Ges 25 †iva hy³ Av‡Q| PZz_© evû‡Z Avi KZ gv‡bi †iva wKfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU mvg¨ve¯’vq Avm‡e ?

(K) 13.64 , †iva †kÖYx‡Z (L) 13.64  †iva mgvšÍiv‡j (M) 5 , †iva †kÖYx‡Z (N) 5  †iva mgvšÍiv‡j cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY,

S R Q

P 

34| GKwU wgUvi weª‡Ri evg I Wvb duv‡K h_vμ‡g 12 I 16 †iva hy³ Ki‡j evg cÖvšÍ n‡Z KZ `~‡i mvg¨ve¯’v cvIqv hv‡e ? (K) 24.86 cm (L) 24.68 cm (M) 42.68 cm (N) 42.86 cm

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY,

l l Q

P

 

100

(17)

35| 50  †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi 10 mA Zwor cÖevn wbivc‡` MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| 2 A Zwor cÖevn gv‡ci Rb¨ KZ †iv‡ai kv›U `iKvi ? (K) 0.2  (L) 0.25  (M) 0.3  (N) 0.3.5 

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY,

S G i_g iS

 

36| GKwU ev‡j¦i Mv‡q 220 V  60 W †jLv Av‡Q| Gi ga¨ w`‡q Kx cwigvY Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e ? (K) 0.173 A (L) 0.237 A (M) 0.273 A (N) 0.372 A cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

PVI

37| †Kv‡bv ev‡j¦ wdjv‡g‡›Ui †iva 100  Ges Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ 220 V n‡j, Gi ga¨ w`‡q KZ Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e ? (K) 1.1 A (L) 1.2 A (M) 2.2 A (N) 2.4 A

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY V=IR

9

1

(L)

3

1

(M) 3 (N) 9 cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY H = i

²

Rt

39| GKwU Zv‡ii †iva 10 | G ZviwUi AvqZb wVK‡i‡L ˆ`N©¨ wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j †iva KZ n‡e ? (K) 10  (L) 20  (M) 40  (N) 100  cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY ,

A₁L₁ A₂L₂

A

R L 

40| †Kv‡bv evwoi †gBb wgUv‡i 6 A 220 V wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| KZ¸‡jv 60 W-Gi evwZ e¨venvi Kiv hv‡e ? (K) 11 (L) 22 (M) 33 (N) 44

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

P nVI

41| 12 V Zwo”PvjK kw³ Ges 0.2  Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai GKwU e¨vUvwi‡K GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK cvLvi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j e¨vUvwii cÖvšÍØ‡qi wefe cv_©K¨ `uvovq 10 V| cvLvq mieivnK…Z Kv‡i‡›Ui gvb KZ ?

(K) 110 A (L) 10 A (M) 62 A (N) 0.4 A cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY,

r V i E



42| GKwU 3  †iv‡ai Zvi‡K mgevû wÎfz‡Ri AvKv‡i euvKv‡bv n‡jv| GKwU evûi `yB cÖv‡šÍi †iv‡ai gvb KZ ? (K) 2/3  (L) 1  (M) 3/2  (N) 3 

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

3 2

1

1 1 1

R R R R

R R

s p

s     

43| 20  †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K mgvb 4wU L‡Û wef³ K‡i mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mshy³ Kiv n‡jv| Zzj¨ †iva KZ n‡e ? (K) 0.8  (L) 1.25  (M) 5.0  (N) 20.0 

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

4 3 2 1

1 1 1 1 1

R R R R

R_p    

44| GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ, cvLv I wnUv‡ii Mv‡q h_vμ‡g 100W220V, 80W220V Ges 1.5KW220V †jLv Av‡Q| †KvbwUi

†iva me‡P‡q Kg ?

(K) evwZ (L) cvLv (M) wnUvi (N) †Kv‡bvwUiB bq cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

P R V

 2

45| GKB †iva I cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i `ywU Zv‡ii ˆ`‡N©¨i AbycvZ 1t2| hw` GKwUi Av‡cwÿK †iva 1-m nq, Zvn‡j Ab¨wUi Av‡cwÿK †iva KZ ? (K) 0.5 -m (L) 1 -m (M) 2 -m (N) 4 -m

cÖ‡hvRbxq mgxKiY

₁L₁ ₂L₂ A

R L  





