This study provides information about the current situation of MSW and its characteristics, management practices and constraints in six city corporations of Bangladesh, namely Dhaka. While the six study cities show a remarkable degree of similarity regarding financial aspects, technical aspects and human resource development. the selection and evaluation approach can be easily extended to other city corporations of Bangladesh. a.
10, C.16 Condition of final disposal site in Dhaka city 190 C.17 Animal burrowing at secondary disposal site in Khulna 191 C.18 Unmanaged municipal waste roadside in Khulna city area 192 C.19 Transportation of recyclables in Khulna 193 C.20 Current situation of disposal site in Khulna 194 C.21 View of future disposal site at Rajbandha in Khulna 195. CCC Chittagong City Corporation CDA : Chittagong Development Authority CDS : Central Development Society C/N : Carbon Nitrogen DCChakati City Corporation.
Units of Measurement
INTRODUCTION
General
Solid waste management in Bangladesh is in its nascent stage and needs to be updated with an innovative and appropriate approach to manage it properly. This study also illustrates the key issues to be addressed for the practice of integrated MSW management for Bangladesh and suggests considerations on all aspects relevant to proposed possible integrated MSW management options suitable for the Bangladeshi situation.
Background of the Study
The studies also highlight some integrated MSW management options and propose a method for selection and an evaluation instrument for verifying the appropriateness and sustainability of the adopted methods. This study will provide an approach to selecting an appropriate MSW management from all available alternatives.
Objectives of the Study
Identify possible options for integrated MSW management suitable for the situation in Bangladesh. To develop a technique for selecting an appropriate method for selecting integrated municipal solid waste management in Bangladesh and an evaluation tool.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
To conduct the questionnaire survey on waste management issues, people's perceptions and awareness, and also to identify the city dweller's requirements. 011 to assess the system and check its sustainability and reality, which would be technically and economically suitable for a developing country like Bangladesh.
Organization of the Thesis
General
Sources of Municipal Solid Waste
Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste
The ultimate waste component analysis typically involves determining the percentage of C (carbon), I-I (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), S (sulfur) and ash. A reliable estimate of the amount of solid waste generated in the city is very important for proper solid waste management.
Definition of Integrated Solid Waste Management
Basic requirements
- Effective solid waste management
Waste reduction, 'waste reduction' or 'source reduction' are usually placed at the top of the conventional waste management hierarchy. In addition to these prerequisites, an effective solid waste management system must be environmentally and economically sustainable.
Waste Management Systems
- Proper i\'Lix of Alternatives and Technologies
- Flexibility in Meeting Future Changes IL
- Monitoring and Evaluation
The balance to be struck is to reduce the overall environmental impacts of the waste management system as far as possible, within an acceptable level of cost. It is therefore necessary to consider the entire waste management system in a holistic manner.
Hierarchy of Integrated Solid Waste Management
- Source reduction
- Storage at source and segregation
- Transfer and transportation
- Waste transformation
- Recycling
To recover conversion products (eg composting) and energy in the form of heat and combustible biogas. There are only two alternatives available for the long-term treatment of solid waste and residual matter: disposal in or on the earth's mantle and disposal at the bottom of the ocean.
Typical Integrated Management System
- Advantages and Disadvantages of MCDA The main advantages of MCDA are as follows,
However, alternatives may arise from the systematic exploration of the objectives pursued in the decision situation under consideration. Decision maker(s) or other stakeholders involved in the decision situation are the ones who identify the nature of the problem and direct the solution procedure in the desired direction.
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREAS
General
It first became important with the arrival of the Portuguese, for whom the port city was important. With the withdrawal of the British from the Indian subcontinent in 1947, Chittagong became part of East Pakistan.
General Information
- Population
- Socio-cconomic condition
- Environmental con(htion
CCC conducted a study in 2002 to focus on the total population of the city corporation with a growth rate of 1.8%. The city also suffers from unexpected localized flooding due to drainage overload during heavy rainfall.
Remarks
It is obvious, however, that rapid urbanization with development also brings pollution. However, it is obvious that this rapid urbanization will bring pollution along with development.
General
Quantity of Solid Waste
It should be noted that in a tropical country like Bangladesh, waste generation varies according to the season. Dhaka city has the highest production of 5328 tons/day, while 2355 tons are produced daily by the other five big cities.
Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Bangladesh
- Chemical Characteristics of MSW
- Source Storage & Segregation
- Primary collection
- On-site sto i-age
The average physical composition of municipal waste per SDS in six major cities of Bangladesh is shown in Table 4.6. Bulk densities of municipal waste in six major cities of Bangladesh are measured using field and laboratory tests. Motorized vehicles are used to collect municipal waste from SDS, and non-motorized vehicles are usually used to transfer waste from municipal containers to SDS.
Waste-to-energy incineration and landfill gas, the by-products of MSW, are not practiced in Bangladesh.
I)iffercnt compost plants in the six major cities of Bangladesh Name of Plant Plant Capacity per Compost rictaii
- Other Treatments
- Field Survey
The chimney is the upper part of the device through which heat passes into the atmosphere. There is no system for monitoring the quality of gas emissions into the air and ash produced by the incineration of general hospital waste. More than 60% of the respondents were of higher education category, followed by university, literate and SLC.
The profession of the respondents was grouped into students, companies, service, housewives and others in these live categories.
LIIII
- On-site storage and disposal
- Findings from the Field Survey
- MSW Management Tiers
- Source storage
- Waste sorting and recover
- Problems of Existing Management of MSW
- Technological capabilities
- Financial aspects
- Law, legislation and enforcement
- Public awareness and motivation
The total expenditure on MSW management in the urban corporation areas is about 3 to 5% of the authority's total expenditure. There is no specific amount for the further development of MSW management practices by the authorities in the urban areas. Still most people think that the management of solid waste generated in.
Currently, no experts are involved in the conservation department in the major cities of Bangladesh.
APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Sort and Recover
No primary sorting may be undertaken (only on the surface of the street or of other public places. including at the new \VastePoints. Secondary sorting) only in designated areas of transfer, treatment or disposal points, and only by authorized persons. Color-coded containers may need to be provided with instructions to householders to encourage proper source separation.
Not the least, there should then be separate bulk transfer. vehicles, bays, handling equipment and/or containers to get the stuff to convenient treatment plants or landfills.
Transfer and Treat
The success of WasteNodes is one of the key issues in integrated MSW management, but tends to be an unaddressed aspect in sti.idy areas. But economics also enters into all subsequent decisions in the implementation of the composting option. NGOs, CBOs or the private sector can be involved in the construction and/or operation of WasteNodes and financial institutions should be encouraged to provide appropriate support.
Where there is such non-governmental involvement, there should be ongoing performance monitoring and evaluation by or on behalf of the city authority.
I)isposc and Make Safe
Where there is such non-governmental involvement, there should be ongoing monitoring and evaluation of performance by or on behalf of the city government. are abundant in most parts of Bangladesh). Likewise, covering the landfilled waste is not too demanding, provided that the landfill is divided into manageable cells and that the working space within them is kept to a minimum at all times. Daily coverage can be practiced using inert fractions of the waste, or natural materials such as Hessian.
The standards may not reflect those of Western practices involving polymer membranes and the like; but the waste in question is generally not as hazardous as much of the industrialized waste we encounter in the West; It is also not evident that no locations can be found with acceptable risk exposure.
Aspect of Evaluation
The standard of encapsulation required (and indeed affordable) is a function of the toxicity of the waste and its decomposition products, and of the exposure and risks of reaching sensitive receptors in the environment, such as drinking water supplies. First, it requires the project management and technical skills of engineers and other specialists to work together on the planning, design, specification and implementation of all the different aspects of the system, from the waste containers and vehicle routes at the collection point, to the cell linings and gas controls at final disposition. Generally, a single-digit percentage of the total city government budget is allocated for all conservation services.
They still generate waste, and should ensure its proper disposal, but generally have little knowledge of the associated health and environmental risks.
Integrated MSW Management Approach
- Spread Sheet for Selection Approach
- Options for Container and Collection
- Options for Sorting and Recovery
- Options for Safe Disposal
- Spread Sheet for Evaluation Approach
- Full Spreadsheet Format
- City layout
- Population and society
- Environmental conclitio n
- Land use and infrastructure
Available sub-options to check are overall process, waste inputs, waste fractions and process reliability. It is connected to the major cities of the southern delta of Cjangetic by river, road and railway. A city's economy is best revealed through the income pattern of the city's residents.
Due to the macroeconomic impact of globalization, the urbanization of the city begins suddenly.
- Characteristics of MSW in KCC
- Logistic facilities of the KCC
- Involvement of NGOs and CBOs
- Management system
In most of the safety data sheets, solid waste is thrown outside the HC or masonry bin. There are a wide range of individuals, groups and organizations involved in MSW management as service providers, intermediaries and regulators in the KCC. However, a private organization has been working in department number 29 of KCC and manages MSW from source collection to final disposal.
Although the authority tries to provide regular services, the overall collections and environmental conditions are not very good due to lack of adequate maintenance/management system, lack of funding, lack of enforcement action, lack of community involvement or participation.
Integrated MSW management systems
- Contain and Collect
- Transfer and Treat
- Dispose and Make Safe
- Evaluation and 1\'Iodification
From the results of the study of the KKK area, the Waste for holding and collection are filled. Due to the small area of OKK, for 'LevdllingUp' the location of the sites seems to be on the niral edges, where the land is free and available. Flie engineering 1 for high temperature firing and carrying out projects in compacted clay, preparation (if any) is adapted to .. place. . their patches, but they could not do this without each country requires individual study and Costs per high cubic meter ill The same difficult standards .. sol utio ii. to reach the limited . small places without land collection. guaranteed waste streams, plus.
It is speculated that the following key tasks and issues require in-depth study and action on each of the key elements:
General
Conclusions
Comparative Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia, Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology, Environmental Engineering and Management, AlT, Thailand. Final Report on the Solid Waste Management Survey for Bangkok, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Sogreah, Bangkok, Thailand. Interview by the authors with staff of the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC). 1996) Solid Waste Management for Economically Developing Countries.
1980) Problems and practices of solid waste management in Asia, Journal of Environmental Science, pp.29-33. and Stucki, S., 2003, Municipal Solid Waste Management:.
Survey on Integrated Management (English Translation)
0 Yes 0 No Are you aware of the open dumping of waste polluting the environment? 0 Yes 0 No It is suggested that you use 2 bins, one for kitchen waste that needs to be disposed of every day or after a day, and the other for low biodegradable and inorganic waste that can be stored for a few days or sold, etc. is your opinion. Type and Location of Dumpster 0 City Corporation Actions 0 Economic Conditions 0 Lack of Awareness.
If there is a system that will keep your area clean and waste-free, then this is it.
