In children, regular vitamin C supplementation resulted in a statistically highly significant reduction in the duration of cold episodes that occurred during the prophylactic supplementation period. Thus, here we have demonstrated the effect of oral vitamin C on the onset and duration of colds at different doses in school-age children. Therefore, in this study, we sought to demonstrate the impact of zinc in different doses with other supplements in reducing the onset and severity of cold flu among school-aged children in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
So in this study, the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, zinc and probiotic foods on common colds such as influenza were evaluated among the young children aged 6 to 12 years in developing countries such as Bangladesh. To evaluate the preventive role of probiotics, vitamin C and zinc in common cold and flu. Common colds and flu (influenza) are infections of the upper respiratory system that are caused in the nose, mouth, throat and lungs.
Regular intake of vitamin C did not affect the incidence of colds in the general population, based on 29 comparison trials involving 11,306 participants. Trials with high doses of vitamin C administered therapeutically, starting after symptom onset, have not shown a consistent effect on the duration or severity of cold symptoms. A prospective study was conducted to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of zinc in the common cold in children (Hemilä, 1996).
Therefore, the heterogeneity in the effect of vitamin E on the incidence of the common cold (Hemilä, 2006) and on the incidence of pneumonia (Hemilä, 2011) is important when considering the likely heterogeneity of the effects of vitamin C on respiratory infections.
Cold managements
Impacts of Zinc on common cold
Cold managements
It can also prevent rhinovirus from settling on the mucous membranes of the throat and nose (Hemilä, 1996).
Effects of dietary Pro-biotic on influenza illness
Cold managements
Chapater-3
Materials and Methods
- Study area and period
- Study design
- Participant selection
- Inclusion criteria: The participants those were healthy during study period and not taken any medicine previous month of study period
- Exclusion criteria: The children those were suffered from common cold during the study period and taken medicine
- Data Collection Tools
- Anthropometric measurement
- Data Capture and Analysis Strategy
- Data Capture: Data from questionnaire were captured in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for data cleaning and coding
- Data Cleaning: For missing values, the researcher retrieved information from the participants’ form for confirmation; if they had missing information on key
- Data Coding: Numerical data were grouped for analysis purposes. Qualitative or categorical data were replaced with numbers that could not be used to identify
- Data Analysis: Data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet were imported to IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences- SPSS (version 17.0) for data analysis
From the above study population, the calculated sample size was 150. The data showed that the combined group that took yogurt, vitamin C and zinc was less infected with influenza. Weight measurement: According to CDC (Centre for Disease Control & Prevention), an average weight of 12 year old boys is usually 30 kg. Height measurement: According to CDC (Centre for Disease Control & Prevention), an average height of 12 year old boys is usually 151 cm.
BMI calculation: Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person's weight in kg divided by the square of their height in meters. BMI is calculated the same way for both adults and children. For extreme values that were recorded, information was also extracted from the questionnaire for confirmation; if the information was extreme, it was excluded. Qualitative or categorical data was replaced with numbers that could not be used to identify them, or categorical data was replaced with numbers that could not be used to identify them.
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics
On the other hand, the majority About 48% of mothers had primary school education, about 45.3% had secondary school education and 6.7% of mothers had university and higher education. About two-thirds of the participants' parents' profession is work, and most of the mothers of the participants are housewives (78%).
Health and immunization status
Variables Characteristics Frequency (N)
Percentage (%)
Incidence rate of common cold and flu among children
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Control
Dietary diversity score (DDS)
A properly balanced diet fulfills the nutritional needs of young children, as well as increasing immunity and helping to maintain their proper growth and development. The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) is supposed to reflect a household's economic ability to access a variety of foods in the form of a snapshot. Only 2% of the participants can consume more diverse foods, while about 20% of the participants had a low diet diversity score shown in the figure.
Association of socio-demographic characteristics with BMI
Pearso n's
P- Value
Normal Over weight
Association of socio-demographic characteristics with immunization
Variables Characteristics Immunization Status, N (%)
Normal
Association of socio-demographic characteristics with DDS
Moderate (5-8)
High (9-12)
Association of Dietary Supplements with Common Cold
Association of Dietary Diversity Score with Common Cold Flu Symptoms
Discussion
- Socio-demographic factors
- Health status and dietary diversity score
- Impacts of demographic factors on health, immunization and dietary diversity score
- Impacts of dietary supplements on the symptoms of common cold
- Impacts of dietary diversity score on the symptoms of common cold
In this study, the common cold symptoms such as cough sore throat, runny nose, fever, muscle aches and fatigue were statistically significant with the supplement treatments. The use of probiotics for various disease states has been widely studied for health benefits, but a limited number of studies have shown that prophylactic administration of probiotics can contribute to reduced incidence of common cold and influenza in healthy subjects. One of the first such studies examined the effects of natural yogurt on children's health status as well as the incidence of common colds and flu.
The incidence rate of different symptoms of common cold in group 1 was lower after the combined treatment. Another study showed that a probiotic combination combined with vitamins and minerals reduced the duration and severity of common cold symptoms and also improved cellular immunity (Winkler et al., 2005). The result of this study revealed that vitamin C supplementation has an influence on the occurrence of common cold symptoms in young children.
However, some systematic reviews on vitamin C and cold research have not found any association between vitamin C consumption and the reduction in the incidence of colds, but concluded that vitamin C supplementation is associated with reduced severity and duration of colds. cold. (Heimer et al., 200; Heuser and Vojdani,1997). This prospective study found that zinc supplementation was associated with a decrease in the average occurrence of colds during the cold months of the year, among children living in the Chattogram urban district and of low socio-economic status. Retrospective chart analysis research by McElroy and colleagues provides strong support for the beneficial effects of zinc in school-age subjects with colds.
Hulisz showed that zinc administration within 24 hours of the onset of the common cold can reduce the duration and severity of common cold symptoms (Hulisz, 2004; Diaz-Gomez et al., 2003). The result of this study showed that the combined supplementation of vitamin C, yogurt and zinc had higher effectiveness in reducing symptoms of common cold. This result is consistent with the results of the general literature, where they also obtained that the combined effect of two or three dietary supplements was very effective on common cold than separately incorporated (Singh and Das, 2011; Douglas et al., 2007).
Vitamin C and zinc hold central positions among the micronutrients needed to ensure proper immune function (Maggini et al., 2010). The findings of the bivariate analysis of this study show that the dietary diversity score had no significant effects on the incidence of common cold symptoms. There are very few reports directly relating dietary diversity in children to the incidence of common cold symptoms, as assessed in this study.
Limitations of the study
Conclusions
Questionnaire form
I am working on a qualitative research study on "Effect of dietary supplementation of pro-biotic foods, vitamin C and zinc on influenza-like illness among young children." The aim of this study is to evaluate the preventive role of probiotics, vitamin C and zinc in influenza. By signing below, you agree that you have read and understood the above information and would be interested in participating in this study. Occupation of Father: Day labor Worker Businessman Farmer Level of father's education: Up to grade 6 Up to grade 10 above grade 10 Occupation of Mother: Housewife Worker.
Taking flu medication: Yes No Fatigue: Yes No Chronic pain: Yes No Physical disability: Yes No. Squash, carrots, squash or sweet potatoes that are orange inside + other locally available vegetables rich in vitamin A.
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