Chapter-III
INTRODUCTION
Livestock is an essential component in agriculture-based production system in Bangladesh. Livestock plays a dominant role in the life of rural farmers and landless peasantry. The potential of livestock in the economy of Bangladesh is still not to be realized fully. In 1995/1996, the country had 210+6 million cattle and buffalo heads indicating a density of 2.6 heads per hectare. The quality of livestock in Bangladesh is poor and consequently it’s productivity is very low.
Furthermore, the high density and total number hide the fact that a large proportion of farms do not possess either cattle or draught livestock(Asaduzzaman, 2000).
Livestock provides income, employment and many other contribution to rural development. The contribution of livestock sub-sector to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is around 3 percent and to agriculture 9 percent. The magnitude of contribution of the livestock sub-sector in GDP in the year of 1995-1996, 2000-2001, 2005-2006 were 3.6, 2.95 & 2.93 respectively(BBS).
This sub-sector earns also a significant amount of foreign exchange through export of hides and skins, leather products, bones, horns, etc. The production of milk and meat increased by an annual compound growth rate of 1.3 percent and 3.2 percent respectively (Planning commission 1998). Animal product such as meat, milk, egg provide daily cash income to agriculture families and also provide much required nutrition to the rural population. In developing countries, mixed farming involving crops and livestock integration has been a way of life since the beginning of agriculture. It is widely realized that this is the only method of providing additional income and employment to the small farmers and land less labor families. In Bangladesh, the people of different chars they have no income source, purchasing power which fulfill their demands but livestock products is becoming the most important factor to increase self sufficiency as well as future development Different non government organization (NGO) to give a great opportunity about increasing
economic status of poor people in rural area. Unnayan Sangha (US) is a non government non political and non profitable organization, which is established in 1980 by Mr. shamsul huda and some initiative peoples of Jamalpur and Sherpur district. the goal of US is help to build up a peaceful society and organize the helpless, oppressed and poor peoples. those peoples are meet together, plan together and work together with US staff for creating socio economic development(Implementation guidelines for the IMOs, 2007).
The programme of Unnayan Sangha(US) is implemented by different international donor fund. DFID is one of them. Chars Livelihood Programme (CLP) is funded by DFID which is implemented by US since 6th June 2006(CLP News Letter, 2008).
Table: Importance and contribution of livestock in national economy
Sectors Contribution (%)
GDP 3.3
Foreign income 4.31
Foreign saving (core Tk.) 3
Full time employment 20-25
Part time employment 50
Draught power 95
Cow dung production (million ton) 80
Cow dung as manure 10
Nutrition supply with fisheries sector 80
Rural transport 45-50
Cow dung as fuel 10.5
Rural full employment 25
(Rahman, 2001).
Goal of CLP : To reduce at least 50% poverty of the people of riverbank Jamuna & Bhramapotra island of char.
Chapter-IV
METHODOLOGY
The goal of study was to evaluate the possible contribution of livestock to the riverine, vulnerable, poor peoples. Chars Livelihoods Program is seen as Millennium Development goals ‘relevant’ in that it aims to reduce poverty.
Chars Livelihoods Program is a fully asset transfer programme. CLP donate fixed amount of money/family forever. CLP does not take any return or even donated money from the beneficiaries. Now in Livestock sub sector CLP is the most popular and first asset transfer programme in Bangladesh.
Study Area: The study covered about 8 Chars of Islampur Upazilla at Jamalpur district under Chars Livelihoods Program (CLP) funded by DFID.
Study Period: The study was continued from 19.10.08 to 18.11.08 30 days.
Total personnel involved in 20 NGOs under CLP. About 120 DVM graduate work in different NGOs. About 350 beneficiaries getting service from each DVM graduate.
Activities of US-CLP:
The activities of US-CLP is divided into 5 units:
1.Social development unit
2.Asset transfer and livelihoods unit.
3.Infrastructure unit.
4.Enterprise unit.
5.Innovation, Monitoring and Learning unit.
1.Social development unit:
In this unit the Community Development Organizer (CDO) discuss about 7 major issues such as social saving, social problem of char, human rights, social safety net, health & environment, disaster management prepare ness, and
support saving for the awareness of the char peoples. they are also implemented other program such as food support, erosion grant, PSC, VDC etc.
CLP Core Beneficiary Selection Criteria
It is the policy of the CLP to endeavour to select core beneficiary households to participate in the CLP Programmes based on the following criteria. The CLP relies on its IMO partners and their staff of Community Development Organizers for the sincere and honest application of these targeting criteria.
Source: www.clp.org.bd
In Summary, the six selection criteria are as follows:
Criteria Definition
1. Char Household Resident for at least 6 months in a village which has been classified by CLP as an island char (Oct 2005).
2. Landless Absolutely zero decimals of land ownership including homestead land, and having no access to agricultural including share cropped land and land to be inherited under Bangladesh law. Households renting homestead land are still eligible.
3. Livestock-less Selected households may not own more than 2 goats/sheep, 10 fowl & 1 shared cattle
4. Credit-less Have no loan outstanding from any micro finance or credit programme
5. Asset-less & Income- less
Are not receiving cash or asset grants from any other asset transfer programme
6. Participation Are willing to attend weekly group meetings, participate in a livelihoods programme and show how the asset will be cared for.
2.2 Preparation of Beneficiary Lists
Within the village, the CDO teams will motivate the residents of a para to meet to conduct the beneficiary selection process, over 1 to 3 days, depending on the total number of households in the para. Explanations that will be provided to the para residents include:
Overall objectives of the CLP in targeting the ultra poor;
The first level of criteria (landless and assetless);
As in earlier asset transfer work the CDO will assist ATP beneficiaries to form groups through which training and other assistance will be provided.
The para residents will conduct the following tasks:
Develop a social map of the para, identifying homesteads who meet the criteria;
List all landless and assetless households in the para;
Include other vulnerable households who do not meet the initial criteria but who the para residents decide need special consideration;
Adjust this final list according to the criteria above.
The CDS will then conduct the following tasks:
Collect all the para beneficiary lists for each village;
Verify selection based on all criteria, through a house-to-house check(Implementation guidelines for the IMOs, 2007).
2. Infrastructure Unit:
Facilities:
One tube well for 8-10 family Community people.
One latrine for individual people Beneficiary members.
Tube well platform for community peoples.
House state plinth for beneficiary members.
In rainy season Water drum and water purify powder for ensure clean sound water.
3. Asset transfer and Livelihood unit:
3.1 The Asset Transfer Package:
3.1.1 Income Generating Assets
All households participating in ATP phase 4 will receive Income Generating Asset/s (IGAs) worth Tk.17,000.
The IMOs will present the following pre-approved list of IGAs to the selected beneficiaries. From this they will be free to select one or more of these IGAs:
Beef Cattle
Dairy Cattle
Small Ruminant Livestock
Rickshaw or Van (and lock and lights)
Sewing Machine
Any other IGAs such as Land Leases and finance for existing businesses - These will be considered on a case-by-case basis by CLP and prior approval from CLP is required before funds can be released to beneficiaries for the purchase of these assets.
From theTk.7,800/- intended for the monthly income support and monthly livestock feed costs, beneficiaries may withdraw up to Tk.600/- per month Tk.350/- for family income support payments and Tk.250/- for cattle feed cost or asset maintenance cost) for the first six months and Tk.350/- per month for the subsequent 12 months. If after 18 months there remain unspent balances in a beneficiary account these must be returned to CLP.
3.2 Asset purchase procedures
3.2.1 Orientation meetings to prepare ATP households for asset purchase IMOs should encourage beneficiaries to purchase their assets themselves.
Failing this the beneficiaries should nominate a person, usually a close relative such as spouse, who will purchase the asset on their behalf. The nominee should be given some form of token or identity certificate by the IMO which states that the nominee has been chosen by the beneficiary to purchase her or his asset. The beneficiary should sign the token confirming that she or he agrees that the person nominated can purchase the asset on her/his behalf.
Beneficiaries will be informed that no other person, whether staff of the IMO, local official, or member of their community, has any right to their funds. If any person makes a claim on their funds, they should immediately inform their CDO or in the absence of the CDO any member of the IMO staff.
During the meeting plans should be made for groups of beneficiaries to attend livestock markets (hats). These plans need then to send to CLP staff.
3.2.2 Livestock purchase procedures
Experience from previous phases of ATP indicates that most beneficiaries will buy cattle and many will buy sheep. Special procedures for livestock purchasing are therefore required.
Livestock should be purchased at a local livestock market to mitigate against damage and transport shock. This also provides beneficiaries with a wider range of choice of livestock than other methods such as buying from local cattle owners. The regulated procedures of livestock markets also reduce the possibilities of fraud.
IMOs need to coordinate with each other to ensure they are not purchasing from the same livestock market on the same day. Facilitating this coordination is a major function of the CLP District Asset Transfer Manager (DATM).
Purchasing should be spread over a reasonable period to ensure that the IMOs do not inflate livestock prices by flooding the markets with many buyers.
Equally the IMO needs to balance this need with a need to ensure beneficiaries buy livestock when they are at their lowest price.
At the livestock market the beneficiary (or nominee) should be allowed to negotiate prices without interference from IMO staff. Once the beneficiary has selected an animal for purchase the IMO Asset Transfer Supervisor (ATS) or Livestock Officer (LO) should check the animal for signs of disease and illness.
If the animal is in good health and the purchase is approved by the ATS or LO then they should give the beneficiary (or nominee) a note confirming that the animal is in good health and that the payment for the animal is approved.
On presentation of this note the IMO staff member responsible for disbursing funds will give the beneficiary (or nominee) the money to purchase the animal at the negotiated price and pay for the market tax. The funds should be handed over to the beneficiaries in bundles of notes in different denominations, including smaller denominations.
At this point the beneficiary (or nominee) must sign confirming that she / he has received an amount of Taka to purchase an asset and that these funds have been withdrawn from her / his IMO account.
The market tax receipt must be made out in the name of the beneficiary. It must not be made out in the name of CLP, the IMO or the person nominated to purchase the asset. The market tax receipt should clearly show the price of the animal and the amount of market tax paid. The market tax receipt will form proof of ownership of the asset and so is an important document. The original receipt should be kept by the IMO as supporting proof that the funds were spent and a copy must be provided to the beneficiary as soon as possible and attached to her / his passbook.
To act as an independent observer of the transfer process CLP’s DATM, District Livelihood Monitoring Coordinator (DLMC) or other nominated CLP staff should be present when the funds are given to beneficiaries.
Animals purchased in a livestock market may not have been fed or given water since they left their owners homes many hours before. The IMO should also ensure that the beneficiary has housing and food prepared and waiting for the livestock at their home.
If the beneficiary requires financial assistance with the transport of their asset from the livestock market to their home then the IMO should provide the beneficiary with funds from their Tk17,000 funds allocated for the purchase of the asset.
Beneficiaries must sign a receipt for this money and the amount paid entered into their pass book.
Fig: Livestock selection procedure
Fig: Paravet Training sessions.
Fig; Correction of upward patellar fixation
3.3. Household Support Payments
3.3.1 Household Income Support Payments
To support household income until their IGA begins generating income and to reduce the risk that households will have to sell their assets in time of family crisis a monthly income support payment of Tk350 will be paid for 18 months after the purchase of the asset.
3.3.2 Livestock feed support payments
To ensure households are able to adequately feed their livestock and pay for veterinary services until they start to generate income CLP will provide all beneficiary households receiving a livestock asset with a monthly payment of Tk250 for the first six months. This payment should always be paid in cash.
The IMO has a responsibility to provide beneficiaries with information on what type of feed should be used and where these can be bought. The IMO does not have the authority to purchase feeds on behalf of the beneficiary in exchange for the livestock feed payment. The beneficiary should be free to choose from where they purchase feeds and this includes buying from the IMO.
3.4. Veterinary support services and voucher scheme
The IMO ensures that all cattle provided to beneficiary households (BHHs) are vaccinated against Anthrax, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Black Quarter (BQ), Hemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) and dewormed against intestinal parasites. All sheep or goats provided should be vaccinated against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and dewormed. All chickens should be vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet) with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) and Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (RDV).
Vouchers are provided for ruminants purchased by ATP beneficiaries with CLP funds for 18 months.
A limited number of vouchers are provided for the vaccination of poultry birds purchased by beneficiaries with their own funds. Feed vouchers are also provided to allow beneficiaries to purchase an initial stock of poultry feed.
There are no vouchers for ruminants purchased with the beneficiaries’ own funds.
Table 1 - De-worming and Vaccination Schedule for Cattle and Goat or Sheep:
Disease
Days after animal purchase 1st Dose
dose 2nd dose 3rd dose
4th dose
Intestinal parasites - Cattle 5 185 365 545 2 tablets / cattle1 Intestinal parasites – Small
Ruminants (Sheep or Goat) 5 185 365 545
10mg / kg
½ tablet / animal1
Anthrax 10 375 1ml
Foot & Mouth Disease2
Bivalent
vaccine 25 145 265 445 6ml
Trivalent
vaccine 25 55
(Booster) 365 6ml
Black Quarter (BQ) 40 220 400 5ml
Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS)
70
days 435
2ml for adults &
calves Peste des Petits Ruminants
(PPR) 15 380 1ml
1 Average dose
2 IMOs must buy trivalent vaccine when available.
3Goats and sheep suffering from PPR but not yet showing clear symptoms will die if vaccinated against PPR. The farmer should therefore keep newly purchased sheep or goats at home under strict quarantine for at least 15 days and observe for any PPR symptoms. If no symptoms are observed they should then be vaccinated.
Table 1.b – Vaccination Schedule for Chicken:
Disease Vaccine Age of vaccination Dose/bird 1st dose 2nd dose
Newcastle (Ranikhet)
BCRDV 3 – 7 days
21 – 24 days 1 drop
Newcastle (Ranikhet)
RDV 2 months Every 6 months interval
1 ml
The IMO is responsible for ensuring ATP animals are vaccinated and dewormed and chickens are vaccinated.
This course of preventive measures will be administered by Livestock Services Providers (LSPs), internally designated by CLP as “paravets”. The beneficiaries will pay for these vaccines and deworming tablets with vouchers provided by CLP through the IMO. The beneficiaries will receive the vouchers from the IMO as per proposed vaccination and deworming schedule and required doses for cattle, sheep or goat and chicken and signed by the attending LSO. The LSPs will then redeem the vouchers for cash at the IMO office. Only CLP-designated LSPs attached to the IMOs will be able to encash vouchers.
LSPs will purchase and resell poultry feed at market rates. CLP vouchers of Tk. 25.00 do not mean to suggest that this is the price the LSP will charge for 1kg feed. For Tk. 25.00 he may provide more or less than 1kg, according to market conditions.
The LSP simply receives the notional value printed on the voucher when presenting the signed voucher to the IMO. LSOs will ensure and monitor the quality of anthelmintics and feed.
An inoculation schedule and certificate to confirm that the animal has been vaccinated must be maintained for each cattle purchased. A record of inoculations and deworming given with the batch number of the vaccines must also be maintained in the passbook recorded by the LSP. The IMO must also keep records of the vaccinations and deworming given for monitoring
purposes. Likewise passbook entries to record livestock illness should be done by the person giving the treatment.
3.5. Voucher scheme
CLP provides IMOs with vouchers for each beneficiary sufficient to pay for vaccinations, deworming and commercial poultry feed to be completed during the programme implementation period
IMOs issue the vouchers to beneficiaries at the first livestock training
3.6. Training
All beneficiaries should be provided with the necessary level of technical training needed to ensure they are able to manage their assets effectively and sustainably.
Each household receiving ATP assistance will be provided with the following training:
1 day orientation meeting about the ATP and the asset purchase options
1 day meeting to present their choice of asset they wish to buy, discuss who will purchase asset and when and where this will be done.
5 one day courses in livestock and fodder production
1 day training in vegetable production
1 day training in compost production
1 day training in fruit tree production, nursery techniques and grafting methods
3.6.1 Orientation and Asset/IGA Selection Process meetings
Once beneficiaries have been selected according to the ATP criteria, IMO staff should hold two meetings with ATP beneficiary groups. At this meeting the IMO will explain how much beneficiaries will receive in terms of:
1. Money provided to buy assets and livestock feed and for income support 2. How this money will be provided
3. How assets will be purchased
4. What veterinary support will be given and how it will be paid for. In particular the IMO must explain how the livestock services voucher scheme will work
5. What homestead garden inputs will be provided 6. The training that will be provided
During the first meeting the types of assets that can be bought will be discussed. At the second meeting, to be held approximately one week after the first, the beneficiaries will inform the IMO representative what type of asset they wish to buy. This should be done at the meeting but in such a way that the beneficiary can present her or his choice to the IMO in private. It may be desirable to involve the husbands of women beneficiaries in the IGA selection process, while making it clear that the woman is ultimately the main beneficiary.
3.6.2 Livestock Training
Each beneficiary will receive five livestock production courses. These will be:
1. Cattle selection and basic cattle rearing skills : This course will be given before the beneficiaries purchase cattle and should be attended by the beneficiary and, if the beneficiary will not be going to the cattle market to buy the cattle directly, by the person nominated by the beneficiary to purchase the cattle. The course will give the beneficiaries information about how to select a good animal for rearing either for dairy production or beef, what needs to be done to ensure that the animals are safely transported to the beneficiaries home and the special feeding and watering requirements needed during and after transport. Information will be given on the type of housing required, the cleaning of the livestock shelter to remove waste feed, manure and dirty water and the use of these materials to make compost. Information
will also be given on the feeds, vaccinations and deworming that livestock require.
Finally mention should be made of the role and cost of paravets. It should be mentioned that paravets should have training certificates signed and recognised by the local Upazila Livestock Officer or Veterinary Surgeon. The local paravet(s) should be introduced to beneficiaries at this meeting. It should be explained that they will provide the vaccinations and deworming courses in exchange for vouchers provided during this session. It should be explained that CLP will pay for the costs of vaccination and deworming for 18 months after the livestock have been purchased. After this the beneficiaries will be expected to pay for all vaccination and deworming costs.
At this meeting only the vouchers needed for the first set of vaccinations (including the FMD booster vaccination) and deworming should be given.
After six and twelve months the second and third sets will be provided.
2. Livestock diseases and their control : After this training the beneficiary will be able to identify the main pests and diseases of livestock, understand the life cycle of the main cattle diseases and how they are controlled and treated.
3. Livestock feed requirements The training participants will have an understanding of how the livestock alimentary system works, the daily feed requirements, the proportions of feeds that need to be combined to make a balanced feed and the economics of dairy and beef production. The recommended feed requirements for heifers, beef fattening, lactating cows, pregnant cows and sheep will be presented. Training will also focus on how to prepare silage and urea molasses treated straw (UMS).
4. Livestock reproduction, breeding and livestock breeds : The beneficiaries will develop an understanding of the livestock reproduction systems, how to maximize the number of calves a cow produces, the various livestock breeds available and their advantages and disadvantages, AI and how to obtain this service and care of the pregnant animal.
5. Calf delivery, calf rearing and milk production : The beneficiaries will know how to assist cows give birth, feeding needs of young calves, pest and disease control to in calves, when to vaccinate and deworm calves, how to fatten calves for the market and how to maximize milk production from the mother.
The first four courses will be given at intervals of approximately two weeks between each course. The first course should be given approximately 1 week before the purchase of assets. The fifth course will be timed to coincide with the birth of the majority of calves from the heifers purchased by the beneficiaries.
Livestock training will be given by the IMO Livestock Officer (LO) and Asset Transfer Officer (ATO) and will be supervised by the Asset Transfer Supervisor (ATS). The LSO with local Paravets plus should attend training seasons if available.
It is expected that beneficiaries will gain the following knowledge from this training:
1. When to vaccinate, how frequently, against which diseases to vaccinate and deworm livestock and where to obtain vaccines and drugs.
2. How livestock digestive systems work, the nutritional requirements of livestock and which foods provide these nutrients
3. How to prepare a nutritionally balanced feed regime for their livestock using locally available material and purchased feed supplements.
4. How to prepare silage and Urea Molasses Straw and the advantages and dangers of using these systems.
5. What are the symptoms of the major livestock pests and diseases, how they are transmitted and their life cycles.
6. How to treat animals suffering from the major diseases of the chars.
7. How to calculate the optimum time for marketing livestock.
8. How to monitor costs and calculate profit and losses.
9. How to cultivate and preserve fodder crops.
10. How the livestock reproductive systems works.
11. The names and advantages and disadvantages of the improved cattle breeds.
12. The advantages and problems associated with artificial insemination.
How to arrange for their cattle to be artificially inseminated.
13. The feeding and water requirements of lactating cattle and when to wean calves to maximise milk production.
14. The names and advantages and disadvantages of vetiver, Napier, Para grass, Sesbania and lueceana.
15. Why legumes are important in a fodder crop mixture.
Deliverables from this training will be:
1. Within a year of purchasing assets beneficiaries have IGAs that are producing either an income of not less than Tk. 15 a day or have a value that is now 75% higher than the purchase price.
2. All livestock purchased have been vaccinated and dewormed according to the schedule prescribed in the ATP guidelines.
3. Within a year of the purchase of cattle less than 5% of livestock assets purchased by the beneficiaries with CLP funds have died.
4. At least 30% of cows and heifers purchased by core BHHs are pregnant using AI within 18 months of being purchased.
3.6.3 Homestead Garden Training
The objective of this training is to show how to become self sufficient in vegetable production without the use of external inputs by using the Goispur homestead garden model. This training will show core beneficiaries when and how to sow vegetables in beds and pits, how to raise vegetables in nurseries, how to identify and control pests with neem extracts, how to use compost, which fertilizers to use and when, how to select plants for seed production and how to harvest and preserve seed from vegetables. These techniques must be demonstrated practically. Each participating household will be expected to use the seeds and inputs provided to establish a small vegetable garden, pit crops around the vegetable garden and home, a small spice garden and a small yam garden.
2 rounds livestock refreshers rearing training: 1st round on Feeding of cattle and disease control and 2nd round Cattle Breeding, Calf rearing & Milk production will be given to ATP-3 beneficiaries.
2 rounds agriculture training: 1st round on Vegetable production from Homesteads and 2nd round on Compost and Fruit production from the homestead(Implementation guidelines for the IMOs, 2007).
4. Enterprise unit:
Livestock Support Program (LSP): 19 paravet are develop under the supervision of Livestock service officer (LSO) for Vaccination program, deworming, treating purpose.
Milk marketing Program: It develops a collector. This collector collect the milk from both beneficiary and community peoples. Milk marketing chain unit help to communication with the milk vita or other chilling plant where milk price is increased.
Fodder Cultivation Program: Enterprise unit giving support the Zamboo seed as fodder crops in different char. In Islampur, the target of fodder cultivation area about 60 acres.
Backyard Poultry Rearing Program: It helps to established the local chicken practices. This system helps to more benefits about 4-5 times more egg hatch without egg damage(Implementation guidelines for the IMOs, 2007).
5. Innovation, Monitoring and learning (IML) unit:
Regular monitoring the asset condition and present economic status of family per monthly one time(Implementation Guideline for the IMOs, 2007)
In 2007-2008 the target activities of CLP in the district level :
ACTIVITIES KurigrameGaibandhaJamalpurSirajgonjBogra Total Household plinth raised (no.) 11000 5000 4000 7000 2000 29000
Sanitary Latrine (no.) 5000 3600 3700 3700 3000 19000
Tubewel facilities (no.) 90 100 65 125 20 400
IAE facilities (working days) 1221000 641000 313000 350000 400002565000
Wealth transfer (Family no.) 6982 3238 2785 3712 1888 18605
Vegetable Cultivation (Family no.)6982 3238 2785 3712 1888 18605
Deworming (Cattle no.) 12613 6388 4546 8775 2457 34779
Vaccination(Cattle no.) 12613 6388 4546 8775 2457 34779
(CLP News Letter, 2008)
Role of Different Livestock Species Of Animals in Char Livestock Sector:
21
Char Livestock
Economic: Serve as a current bank account, sale for small Green grass, Wheat bran, Economic: Serve as semi annual account, Sale for
Fig: Role of Different Livestock Species Of Animals in Char Livestock Sector.
Rice bran, Broken rice, Left over grains, Left Over foods.
Rice straw, Fodder, Green grass, Wheat bran, Till oil cake, Other crop Wastes
Economic: Serve as Long term account sale for large expenses such as buying a Tractor, Children Marriage or other essentials.
Chapter-V
RESULT & DISCUSSION
Differences between Economic Conditions Of Phase II, Phase III and Phase IV beneficiary members:
PHASE-II
Family number
Beneficiary name
Species Purchase Date
Purchase price
Probable present price
Sale price
Again Purchase price
Use of
Profitable taka
068 Rupali
begum
Cattle Sheep
13.12.06 8.3.07
11378/=
1600/=
25000/=
-
- 2500/=
- -
Family maintaining cost.
Probable present will be used in land purchase.
48 Kurman Cattle
sheep 13.12.06
01.3.07 9000/=
3200/= -
- 18000/=
6000/= 13000/= About 1100/= used in his son for study purpose
His son got in H.S.C 4.2 GP.
80 Sofiron Cattle 17.12.06 12300/= 20000/= 7000/= - The beneficiary is self
dependent by land cultivation.
57 Mayna cattle 18.12.06 12500/= 25000/= - - Day by day increasing
her asset value..
42 Mohiron Cattle 12.12.06 12800/= 30000/= - - Day by day increasing
her asset value..
111 Rokeya Cattle 12.12.06 11800/= - 20000/= 9000/= Self dependent by land
purchase & cultivation.
Comments: Here we observe that all beneficiary member of phase II become aware of her family and some beneficiary purchase land, cultivation, bearing study cost from profitable taka. Day by day change their mind by using training knowledge and becoming self depending.
PHASE-III Family
number
Beneficiary name
Species Purchase Date
Purchase price
Probable present price
Sale price
Again Purchase price
Use of
Profitable taka
021 Lotiful cattle
Sheep
09.03.08 12.04.08
12500/=
1200/=
30000/=
2000/=
- - Day by day increasing
their asset value.
025 Layli Cattle 12.30.08 13500/= 18500/= - - Day by day increasing
their asset value.
027 Ahiron Cattle
Sheep
12.03.08 12.03.08
13000/=
1300/=
- 2000/=
24000/=
-
14000/= Day by day increasing their asset value.
030 Aymona
bewa
Cattle Goat
12.03.08 12.03.08
14200/=
630/=
25500/=
Dead due to PPR
- - Day by day increasing
their asset value.
033 Fuloma Cattle
Sheep
09.03.08 09.03.08
11700/=
2200/=
22000/=
3200/=
- - Day by day increasing
their asset value.
019 Jamila Cattle 16.02.08 14400/= 22000/= - - Day by day increasing
their asset value.
005 Nasima Cattle 16.02.08 15500/= - 24000/= 14000/= Day by day increasing
their asset value.
Comments: Here we observed that all beneficiary members of Phase III increasing their asset value for further profitable.
PHASE IV
Comments: Phase iv beneficiary members are landless, livestock less, credit less and income less. They declare solemnly increasing their asset value for changing present economic condition.
n comparison to Phase II, phase III and phase IV beneficiary members, Now phase II beneficiary members are becoming self dependent because they got US-CLP asset in early time than the phase III. Similarly present economic condition of phase III beneficiaries are better than phase IV.
Average income/animal/month of Phase II beneficiaries:
Species No. of
animal
Total purchasing cost (Tk.)
Total sell cost (Tk.)
Average
income/animal/month(Tk.)
Cattle 6 69778 138000 1895
Sheep 2 4800 8500 616
Average income/animal/month of Phase III beneficiaries:
Species No. of
animal
Total purchasing cost (Tk.)
Total sell cost (Tk.)
Average
income/animal/month(Tk.)
Cattle 7 94800 166000 1695
Sheep 3 4700 7200 277
1895
616
1695
277
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
income /animal /month
Species
species
Graph: Phase wise income /month/animal
Cattle Sheep
Average income/animal/month of different phases of beneficiaries:
Species No. of
animal
Total purchasing cost (Tk.)
Total sell cost (Tk.)
Average
income/animal/month(Tk.)
Cattle 13 164578 284000 1531
Sheep 5 9500 15700 413
Graph: Species income/animal/month(Tk.)
1531
413
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Cattle Sheep
Species
Income/animal/month
Series1
This study reveled that average income/animal(cattle)/months is 1531 Tk. and average income/animal(cattle)/6 months is 9186 Tk. and average income/animal(sheep)/months is 413 Tk. and average income/animal(sheep)/3 months is 1239 Tk.. For the cattle the income is 1686 Tk. higher than the findings of M. Islam (2007).
Difference Between Diseases Condition Of ATP & Non ATP Animals:
Diseases of ATP animals are:
Bloat & tympany
Pox
Wart
Hump sore
Mange
Mite & Lice infestation
Lung worm infestation
PPR (goat)
Diseases of non ATP animals:
FMD
BQ
Cattle & goat pox
Tetany
Wart
Hump sore
Pneumonia
Lice and mite infestation
Mange
Fungal infection
Gid disease
Upward patellar fixation
Bloat & tympany
Here ATP animal are vaccinated(Not free from disease completely) & Non ATP animals not vaccinated and own enterpriser. My examination is vaccination and disease. i.e. Is there any relation between vaccination and disease? I categories my observed frequency in 2x2 contingency table.
2x2 table for presenting problem:
Criteria Diseased Non diseased Total
Inoculated 123 2500 2623
Non inoculated 5230 1000 6230
Total 5353 3500 8853
Expected frequencies:
Criteria Diseased Non diseased
Inoculated 1586.01 1036.99
Non inoculated 3766.99 2463.01
Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no association between vaccination and disease. i.e. Disease &
Vaccination are independent.
H1: There is association between Vaccination & Disease.
The calculation for
2
2
= 4850.82
The critical value of 2 at 5% level of significance with 1 degree of freedom is 3.84.
The observe value of 2 is 4850.82 which is greater than 3.84. There fore, I may reject the null hypothesis of independence. It carries a strong evidence that diseases are controlled by vaccination.
The rate of disease incidence of ATP animals are less than non ATP animals because, management and Vaccination programme of ATP animals done properly and effectively than non ATP animals.
Chapter-VI
RECOMMENDATION
Deworming: In char I observed that, only 2 bolus for a cattle. but I think that, it is insufficient dose for a cattle during 2nd time. because at this time average body weight gain 200kg per cattle. So I recommended that at lest 3 bolus is needed for a cattle. (Note:1 Endex bolus for 75kg body weight Deworming always practice in upper dose and it is safe for 10 times more).
Regular follow up: The peoples of different chars are not always serious, lack of awareness, illiterates, week minded. So more follow up schedule should be needed to improve the US-CLP activities.
Enterprise Unit: This unit is very essential program for Char peoples but there support is not sufficient. So, I recommended to increasing the financing support specially fodder seed, poultry shed etc.
Speed Boat: In Islampur thana, all chars are far distance from the regional head office. So I recommended speed boat interchange with trollr.(Note: It is very much time consuming, needed more fuel cost, more repairing cost, Less longevity, more risk during bad weather
Human hospital facilities: The health condition of the people of char is very much poor, lack of awareness about healthy condition, treatment facilities far away from the destination, transport facilities only boat it is very much time consuming. So hospital is needed for the people of char.
Children Welfare: It dose not maintained in the life of people of char, because hard working, no school facilities in maximum char. So I think that, children welfare is hampered in chars life. at this reason, to support school facilities and initiative the people of char with the help of CLP project.
Chapter-VII
CONCLUSION
Livestock sector can make a spectacular progress transforming itself from a backyard industry into a dynamic & sophisticated agro-based industry. In present condition it can also play golden rule in poverty reduction. Small amount of livestock asset can give absolute & effective value in future life. The helpless, oppressed & poor peoples of char developing their economic condition in this way. US-CLP support poor peoples to reach their destination.
Chapter-VIII
REFERENCES
Asaduzzaman, M. (2000), “Livestock Sector Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh” in M.A.S. Mondal (ed.), Changing Rural Economy of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Economic Association, Dhaka.
BBS, (1995-1996,2000-2001,2005-2006), Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh , Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh.
Chars Livelihoods Programme (2007), “Implementation Guidelines for the IMOs”, Asset Transfer Programme, DFID.
Chars Livelihoods Programme (2008), “CLP News Letter”, Vol-1, Number-7, DFID.
Islam, M.M.(2007), “Livestock and Poultry Production Technology Manual Revised Edition” Beef Fattening, Page 6; Director General, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka.
Rahman, M. (2001), Impact of BRAC and PDBF Sponsored Rural Development Programmes on Income Generation, Employment and Women Participation in Some Selected Areas of Mymensingh district. M.S. Ag.
Econ. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Rahman, M.Z. (1998), Impects of Selected Rural Development Programmes of BRAC on Household Income Generation through Increased Women Participation in a selected Areas of Mymensingh district. M.S. Ag. Econ.
Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Planning Commission (1998), The Fifth Year Plan 1997-2002, Planning Commission, Ministry of Planning, Government of peoples republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Chapter-IX
Appendix
Questionnaire for US-CLP:
SL. NO. Date:
1. Name of The Beneficiaries………
Address………
2. Description of The Species :
3. a. Age ……… b. Any marks ……… c. Male/Female 4. Purchase date………
5. Price of the Species ………..
6. Rearing System-a. Stall feeding b. Tethering c. Others 7. Direction of The Shed- a. North to South b. South to North 8. Vaccination Schedule of The animal………..
9. Feed Ingredient use in The animal - a. Conventional b. Unconventional 10. Most Used Ingredient- a. Wheat bran b. Broken rice c. Til oil Cake d.
Maize e. Others
11. Most Disease Prevalence of The animal………
12. How Many Times Feed offered- a. One b. Two c. Three 13. How Many Times Water offered a. One b. Two c. Three 14. Anthelmentics Used- a. Yes b. No
15. Drugs Used a. Yes b. No If yes ………
16. Probable present price ……….
17. Sale price ………
18. Again purchased price ………..
19. Used of the profitable taka ………..
20. Do you want more benefits from US-CLP a. Yes b. No 21. What types of benefits you needs………
Sign of Owner……… Sign of Interviewer ……
Chapter-I
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of livestock to the poor and vulnerable women, men & children living within the riverine areas of five districts of the northern Jamuna by Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP). The data was collected from different chars of Islampur upazilla in Jamalpur district. In this study it was found that the average income/animal(catle)/month was 1531 Tk. and av. Income/animal(sheep)/month was 413 Tk. In phase II av.
Income/animal(cattle)/month was 1895 Tk. and av. Income /animal (sheep)/month was 616 Tk. In phase III av. Income/animal(cattle)/month was 1695 Tk. and av.
income/animal(sheep)/month was 277 Tk. From this study I found that if the CLP beneficiaries and other rural peoples get more financial technological support from Government and other nongovernment organization like CLP they can become self depended within short time. Thus, they can contribute to GDP. If the financial support provided in early time about 5-10 years ago then the present time their financial background become strong and self depended. ATP animals strongly prove that vaccination and disease are interdependent which is shown by pearson
2 (2 x 2) contingency table. So, this types of NGO’s helps necessary in our country which brings glorious golden future in remote river sided peoples of Bangladesh. Therefore, Poverty alleviation is possible by Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP).
Chapter-II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises are due to the Almighty ALLAH, whose blessings have enabled the author to complete this work.
The author expresses his whole hearted senses of gratification and sincere appreciation to his respected teacher and supervisor Musammet Rasheda Begum, Lecturer, Department of Basic sciences, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong. Whose ingenious and scholastic advice, judicious recommendations constructive criticisms, continous encouragement and kind assistance have guided the author from the beginning of Intern production report to the complementation of this research.
The author would like express his bondless sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Md. A. Halim, professor and Head, Department of Basic sciences, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong for his advice and suggestions in correction with this research work.
The author express his heartfelt thanks and gratitude to all his respected and honorable Chars Livelihoods Program(CLP) families Specially Mr. Shamsul Huda, Mr. Mahbubur Rahman, Mr. S M Monir, Mr. Narayan Chandra, DR.
Shofiqure Rahman (Shibly). DR. Nazrul Islam, DR. Robiul Islam, Mr…...
Islampur, Jamalpur., for their sincere advice and encouragement in completion of this thesis.
The author remember and extends his indebtness to the farmers in the study area who helped directly during the period of the study.
The author
CONTENTS
SL. NO. Chapter Name Of The Contents Page No.
01 I Abstract I
02 II Acknowledgement II
03 III Introduction 02
04 IV Methodology 18
05 V Result & Discussion 25
06 VI Recommendation 26
07 VII Conclusion 27
08 VIII References 28
09 IX Appendix 29
Abbreviation
CLP – Chars Livelihoods Programme.
US-CLP – Unnayan Sangha Chars Livelihoods Programme.
IMOs – Implementing Organisations.
DLMC – Distric Livelihood monitoring coordinator.
CDO – Community development organizer.
IGAs – Income Generating Assets.
LSPs – Livestock services Providers.
ATS – Asset Transfer Supervisor.
LSO – Livestock Service officer.
LO – Livestock officer.
