KHAN at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and approved as to its style and content. I hereby declare that this project was done by me under the supervision of Professor Dr. Shamsul Alam, Professor and Dean, Department of EEE, Faculty of Engineering of Daffodil International University. Shamsul Alam, Professor and Dean of FSIT, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Daffodil International University who inspired me in every moment.
Rifat Abdullah Akhi, Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, for her help and guidance during my project work. I express my humble gratitude to all the teachers of the Department of Electrical and Electrical Engineering for supporting me in countless ways during this project. Nowadays there are many kinds of basic solar system applications running and we can see those things around us.
Introduction 1
Definition of Energy 2
Renewable Energy 2
Solar energy is a very useful renewable source of energy, which may be the answer to the future for power or energy needs, as global warming seems to be increasing rapidly. So we can all contribute to the environment by using solar energy and thus eliminate or reduce various gas emissions, which in turn can endanger the earth, the millions of people on it. The installation cost of solar street light is less than the installation and maintenance cost of traditional street lights.
Project overview 3
In the sixth chapter titled Project Details, 3W Solar System System Calculation and System Design about Off-Grid Auto Inverter - 4.5 KVA, With Surge Protection Input Voltage 48V and Output Voltage 220V-240V, 50Hz.
Types Of Renewable Energy 4
To put the sun's enormous power into context, the entire supply of coal, oil and natural gas is equivalent to the power that the sun puts out in just 20 days. Solar heating utilizes the power of the sun to provide solar energy for solar water heating, solar heating and pool heaters. Some solar power plants, like the one pictured at right in California's Mojave Desert, use a highly curved mirror called a parabolic trough to focus sunlight onto a tube that runs down a central point above the mirror's curve.
Solar cells can be classified according to the semiconductor materials of the cell, according to the crystal structure of the material and according to the number of cell junctions. Depending on the crystal structure of the material, there are three types of solar cells. In the Czochralsky process, monocrystalline silicon grows on a seed that is slowly pulled from a silicon melt.
Despite this disadvantage, the importance of polycrystalline cells is growing due to the lower production costs. The charge controller stores the electricity in the battery during the day and supplies the same to the load (mainly the lamp) at night. Generally, it controls the voltage and current of the solar panel to save the battery.
Buck converter is usually used in the solar panel which converts the high level DC voltage to the low level DC voltage. In this system, charge controller is connected in between with the solar panel and battery. The resistance should be kept as low as possible to minimize loss of electricity.
In this part of the design, we will first analyze the location of the solar system installation, where the sun is available. There is a fixed voltage regulator, the nominal value of which is 14.4 V. The system is implemented in high and low stage. An array of 7500 Wp solar PV panels mounted on the roof of a building.
The power that is generated can also be stored in batteries and used on sunny or cloudy days, a generator can also be used for backup. The off-grid inverter is a three-in-one system that integrates battery charge/discharge control, inversion and load shedding. Higher levels of solar radiation like in Blochistan would reduce the cost of electricity. The natural source of solar energy makes it the most preferred and practical energy solution.
Advantage Of Renewable Energy 5
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Government Support in Renewable Energy Sector in
Heat water or air for domestic hot water and space heating needs using solar thermal panels. Becquerel first discovered that sunlight could be converted directly into electricity in 1839, when he observed the photovoltaic effect. Just two years later, the first solar cells were used on the Vanguard I orbital satellite.
Since then, the use of solar energy (also known as photovoltaic) is increasing year by year, and some have been in continuous outdoor operation on Earth or in space for over 30 years.
Advantages Of Photovoltaic 10
Various Uses Of Solar 10
- Solar Heating 11
- Solar Thermal Electricity 11
- Solar Cooking 12
- Solar Water Heater 12
- Solar Dryer 13
Fig2: The family living in this house enjoys hot water heated by the sun with a solar thermal system. The efficiency and reliability The family living in this house enjoys hot water heated by the sun with a solar power system. The problem with solar energy is that it only works when the sun is shining.
At night and on cloudy days, they burn natural gas to boil water so they can continue to generate electricity. Where the heat from the sun is used to heat the water in the glass panels in our roof. The tubes are painted black, so they heat up when the sun shines on them.
Agricultural products and other products have been dried by the sun and wind in the open air for thousands of years. The purpose is either to store them for later use, as is the case with food; or as an integral part of the production process, as with timber, tobacco and washing. In industrialized regions and sectors, open air drying has now largely been replaced by mechanized dryers, with boilers to heat the incoming air and fans to force it through at high speed.
Mechanized drying is faster than outdoor drying, uses much less land and usually produces a better quality product. But drying is also useful for hay, copra (coconut kernel), tea and other non-income producing crops. It should be noted that until the end of the 18th century, when canning was developed, drying was practically the only method of preserving food.
Dehydration of vegetables and other food crops by traditional methods of sun drying in the open air is not satisfactory, because the products deteriorate quickly.
TYPES OF SOLAR CELLS
- Connect Cell To Make Modules 15
- Polycrystalline Cells 17
- Amorphous Cells 18
- Types Of Charge Controller 21
- Series Controller 22
- Selection Of Charge Controller 23
- Voltage Setting Of Charge Controller 24
- MPPT Charge Controller 24
- Battery 25
- Inverter 26
- Power Plant Inverter 27
- Grid Tie Inverter 28
- Solar Home System Design 29
- Site Screening 30
- Selection Of Charge Controller 31
- Selection Of Converter 31
- System Wiring 31
To avoid the energy-intensive production process mentioned above, and to avoid the cutting loss of the cutting process, a vapor phase technique was developed in which a thin film of silicon is deposited from a reactive gas such as silane (SiH4). ) on a carrier material such as glass and doped in a further step. Older charge controllers used a mechanical relay to open or close the circuit, stopping or starting power to the batteries. Modern charge controllers use pulse width modulation (PWM) to slowly decrease the amount of power applied to the batteries as the batteries get closer and closer to being fully charged.
The main function of a charge controller or regulator is to fully charge a battery without allowing overcharging, while preventing reverse current at night. Detects when no energy is coming from the solar panels and opens the circuit, disconnecting the solar panels from the batteries and stopping reverse current flow. Charge controller is used for coordination and control between the battery, load and solar panel.
On the other hand, if the battery is fully charged, the charge controller can directly supply electricity to the load (fan, mobile charger, etc.) from. The solar panel produces mostly 16 volts to 21 volts and 14 volts to 14.4 volts is needed to keep the battery fully charged. When the battery is fully charged, the controller short-circuits the solar panel.
To stop the flow of electricity to the battery, the series controller must be removed from the battery. MPPT charge controller is a maximum power point tracker which is an electronic DC to DC converter that takes the DC input from the solar panels, changes it to high frequency AC and switches it back to another DC current to meet the batteries to fit. In most cases, a battery charge controller is used in these systems to protect the battery from overcharging and overdischarging.
3W SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
- Dimensional Information 33
- Specification 34
- Working Procedure 35
- System Calculation 36
- System Details 36
- Production Specification 37
- System Requirement 37
- System Price 38
- Types Of Solar Panel 39
When the high current flows into the OP-AMP it will send the voltage into the optocoupler. In the second part there is a ziner diode which is fixed 6.2V and connected to the second OP-AMP negative terminal. In the system there is a transistor which is used to work in day and night mode.
The controller charges the battery until it becomes full; when the battery is full, the controller is in floating charging state. To protect the batteries, the controller will buzz and interrupt the batteries' output circuit if they are over-discharged or if the battery voltage reaches the controller's set point. The batteries used in a solar system are deep cycle batteries, similar to the batteries that power electric golf carts.
The number of batteries used in a system varies depending on the battery type and expected storage needs. Although it is combined with the main line, it will therefore work in a system. Initially the supply load will come from the solar panel, then the lack of load will come from the main line.
This type of system is only used to reduce the pressure from the network.
Conclusion 44
