DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

We hereby declare that the thesis entitled "DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION", submitted to the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BRAC University, partially met the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. is our own work. We would like to express our gratitude to the respected Head of the Department of EEE for this kind help in completing our project and also to other faculty members of the Department of EEE of Daffodil International University.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Introduction
Introduction of Wireless Power Transmission
Invention of WPT
Motivation
Contribution of this research
Research objective
Advantage of wireless power transmission
Overview of the research
Summary of the following chapters

Most of the current residential and business structures are controlled by alternating current (AC) from the power grid. The 1st chapter describes the basic principles of wireless power transmission (WPT), the historical background of the invention of WPT and the reason for choosing this topic for our thesis.

WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

Introduction
Basic concept of wireless power transfer

Ampere’s law
Faraday’s law of induction
Lenz’s law

Types of wireless power transfer

Far field or radiative region
Near field or non-radiative region

Function difference between wired and wireless power transfer
Efficiency

Of the two coils, one is on the transmitter side and the other on the receiver side. One circuit is on the transmitter side and another circuit is on the receiver side.

EXISTING IMPROVEMENTS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

Introduction
Overview
Inductive coupling
Mix Inductive Coupling
Microwave
Limitations and Problems

In wireless power transmission, there are mostly two classifications, radiating and non-radiating. Wireless power transmission system by means of magnetic resonance coupling (WPT/MRC) is used for its higher efficiency, longer range and more prominent power output [18]. The flux created by the primary coil is obtained by the connected secondary coil and voltage is induced in the secondary coil.

The common method uses magnetic field, so the primary coil should have a sufficiently high frequency, high flux density. So the tesla coil is used as a transmitter to create high voltage, high, low alternating current and flux density. The transition delivered from the primary coil is obtained by the connected secondary coil and voltage is induced in the secondary coil.

The general strategy is to use magnetic field, so the primary coil should have a sufficiently high frequency, high flux density. At the time when wireless power transfer is in band with data transfer, there will be a disconnection. Determining a power transfer plan for ETs to extend power transfer and guarantee EMR safety is a difficult issue.

WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING TESLA COIL

Introduction
Working principle of Tesla Coil
Mathematical nuances of the Tesla Coil
Advantages of using Tesla Coil
Designing of a Tesla Coil

Neon Sign Transformer (NST)
Primary Coil
Primary Capacitor
Spark Gap
Secondary Coil
Top Load

Overview

The unique design of the coil ensures that there are low resistive energy losses at high voltages, which the Tesla Coil produces. Now that we understand the different components of such a coil, we can delve into the operation of the Tesla Coil as a whole. The capacitor in the circuit forms a matched circuit with the primary winding L1 of the device.

The Tesla coil (L1, L2) along with the spark gap produces a high output voltage when connected together. There are three important mathematical nuances or foundations on which the operation of the Tesla coil is built. To widen the gap between transmitter and receiver, the best arrangement is a tesla coil.

Tesla coil is used as a transmitter to supply high voltage, high frequency and low alternating current to create high flux density. The primary coil receives input through the primary capacitor as current cannot be supplied directly to the primary coil of a Tesla coil as it will not operate until the resonant frequency matches. The aspect ratio of the secondary coil is 5:1 for small, 4:1 for medium and 3:1 for large Tesla coils.

Fig. 4.1: Operation of the Tesla Coil [24]

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction
Step Down Transformer
Oscillator Circuit
Primary Coil
Secondary Coil
Load Coil
AC to DC conversion circuit

The design of the coils and the whole procedure will be described in this chapter. This is the explanation that we chose a step-down transformer to avoid the danger of the damage. The details of the oscillator circuit and the operation of that circuit will be depicted in part 6.

The peak sine wave voltage was 8.35V in our oscillator circuit which worked perfectly. Then the output of the low-pass filter oscillator circuit was connected to the primary coil capacitor. If you make minor mistakes or errors in measuring the coil construction, the Tesla coil will not work.

The load coil gets its power from the primary coil and from the top load of the secondary coil. The two terminals of the load coil are connected to the full bridge rectifier circuit to convert it to DC voltage. One terminal goes to the info (positive terminal) of the rectifier circuit and the other to ground.

Fig. 5.1: Block Diagram of the Overall process

OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

Introduction
Use of oscillator circuit in tesla coil
Design of oscillator circuit
Result

The oscillation or resonance frequency depends on the inductance (L) and capacitance (C) of both the primary and secondary sides of a tesla coil. As we are probably aware, this resonant frequency depends on the estimation of L and C, a product name Tesla CAD would do it by estimating the inductance, L of the secondary coil with AWG, number of turns, input voltage and frequency and the diameter of the coil. Here comes the basic part, what should be the information frequency of the tesla coil and why.

The increase in the frequency of the progression of the current, the increase in the change of flux and thus the increase in the activated voltage. Finally, with an RLC channel circuit, we will get the sinusoidal voltage waveform, which will be the contribution of the primary coil of the tesla coil through a capacitor. In any case, actually, each diode drops 0.7V, so under each pressure current courses through two diodes, so the adequacy of the output voltage is two voltage drops (2X0.7V = 1.4V) not exactly info voltage Vmax abundance.

The LM7812CT IC is a voltage regulator to maintain 12V DC at the output side of the oscillator circuit. To drive the coil it is essential to increase the frequency of the voltage input because a typical medium size tesla coil requires at least 100-300kHz frequency and the mini or small tesla coil requires at least 80-100kHz frequency. In the simulation process for the oscillator circuit in the project, we obtained a frequency of 50 Hz with a maximum voltage RMS of the pulse wave is 4.9V and approximately 5V with the help of a voltage amplifier.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Introduction
Result analysis
Power calculation
Efficiency

We know from the basic idea of the transformer that the force is constant on both sides of the transformer. Thus, if one wants to calculate the power for a transformer, they can quantify the power from the primary side or the secondary side, in both cases they will get exactly the same result, and whichever way is correct. We measured the output voltage from the receiver circuit, across the LED connected to the full-wave rectifier circuit.

DC ammeter reading of the output current drawn by the LED in the full bridge rectifier. Effectiveness means the ratio of valuable work done by a machine or in a procedure to the energy used or heat received in [31]. In the large tesla loop, the neon sign transformer is used, and the output voltage of the transformer is used as input to the primary tesla coil.

In addition, the giant Tesla loop uses a spark in the middle of the neon sign transformer and the primary coil of the Tesla coil [35]. Later, there was a power failure in each segment of the secondary circuit, an air failure in the middle of the secondary coil of the Tesla loop and the receiving loop. This is a circuit diagram of a large tesla coil with higher efficiency and longer range.

Table 7.2: DC output voltage at different distances from right side Right Side Distance (mm) O/P Voltage

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

Introduction
Limitation
Future work
Conclusion

Another major problem with wireless power transmission is that any devices within range of the Tesla coil will act as a receiver and draw a load. Any gadget, which will be charged wirelessly, should have operated within current protection, as the observable current everywhere will be high enough to move the current effectively [39]. Because the Tesla coil operates at an exceptionally high frequency, delivering a significantly higher and higher frequency that our bodies cannot avoid and is not unsafe by any stretch of the imagination.

We will be overly ambitious in the event that we state that wireless power transfer will be used in the broadcast framework since, most importantly, it will cost a lot to install this framework. Either way, remote charging for electric vehicles will soon be introduced on the road. There will be a receiver at the base of the electric vehicle, which will receive power through traction recording from the road and.

Another method for this on street charging is that remote power will be moved from bars, which will be located along the edge of the street. This time the collector will be placed at the highest point of the electric vehicle. The beam will be positioned so that when an electric vehicle moves out of range of one pillar, it will be within range of another.

Fig. 8.1: Output measurement using voltage divider [38]

Improvements in the Transmission Efficiency in a Wireless Power Transmission System for Electric Vehicles Using Litz Magnetoplated Wire', pp. Liu, M., Study on series-parallel mixed-resonance model of wireless power transmission via magnetic resonance coupling, Shanghai: Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), 8-11 Aug.2016. 19] researchgate.net/figure/a-Mixed-resonant-coupling-circuit-model-in-ADS-b- Waveforms-of-the-voltage-and_fig.

35] http://rohitrana33.blogspot.com/2013/03/connecting-voltmeter-ammeter-and.html [36] Shetty, S., Patel, P., 'WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM A TESLA COIL USING THE PRINCIPLE OF HIGH VOLTAGE, HIGH FREQUENCY RESONANCE - THEORETICAL APPROACH', WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM THE TESLA COIL ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF HIGH VOLTAGE, HIGH FREQUENCY RESONANCE - THEORETICAL APPROACH, year. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-limitations-of-wireless-electric-power-transmission-and-distribution.

APPENDIX A BLOCK DIAGRAM

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C COMPONENT

Step-down transformer

555 Timer IC

Primary coil

Secondary coil

APPENDIX D DATASHEET

APPENDIX E

SAFETY MEASUREMENT

Primary and Secondary Coil winding direction

Do not touch the open wire of the winding section