The aim of this graduation research was to gain insight into the haor area of Bangladesh and what initiative should be taken to achieve resilience and sustainable livelihoods there. Sustainable development teaches us not to leave anyone behind, but people from the ha region are those unfortunate people who always end up being left behind. The main objective of this thesis research is to find out how to increase the resilience and scope of sustainable livelihoods in the haor area for the development of the people.
But one of the most diverse and challenging life scenarios can be seen in the haor area of Bangladesh. The haor area is challenged by nature's fury, natural disasters and a changing ecosystem. Flash floods are one of the most dangerous types of floods that occur every year in the Haor area.
When heavy rainfall occurs, rainwater comes with full force from the hill region and hits the haor because the haor region of Bangladesh is located at the foot of the Meghalaya mountain range. This thesis research will help find the extent of sustainable livelihoods and resilience in the Haor area.
Literature review
Part of a study on social exclusion and gender equality, published and funded by CARE-UK, states: 'Local elites in the Haor region control key formal and informal institutions that determine the poor's access to resources and services, including local dispute arbitration forums . (Salish), employment opportunities, water bodies and agricultural land, and cash loans. Inequitable management of the valuable Haor fishery is a key constraint on the livelihoods of PEP households in the region. Women and girls in Haor communities face multiple forms of gender-based inequality and discrimination, reinforced by the region's prevailing religious conservatism.
Despite improvements in communication and access to basic health and education services in recent years, local government institutions in the Haor region are still considered very weak in terms of their effectiveness and accountability, and the level of citizen participation in local development processes very low. low. The political culture at the local level in the region is accordingly characterized as one in which public office is viewed as a means of wealth accumulation, sometimes based on the use of force to control valuable resources. The lack of modern short-term varieties was mentioned as a limitation by most companies in the sample.
The lack of water control dams also proved to be a major problem in the ha areas.' Therefore, wetland management must be included in a system of integrated land and water use and even in the socio-economic system of the country.
National Policies for Haor
Therefore, according to the policy, forests and wetlands of conservation value will be identified and developed for ecotourism. Laws will be made to prohibit the dumping of any untreated industrial effluents into water bodies. Local fishing communities will be given priority in fish farming in the baors, and technical and socio-economic support will also be provided.
Haors that dry naturally during winter will be developed for dry season agriculture. Infrastructure will be built for harvesting surface water from Khals, Beels and small rivers and increasing the availability of irrigation water using high-performance pumps. Research will be conducted on innovation and the development of technologies for low-cost housing in rural areas.
Residential areas and cultivable areas in villages will be earmarked separately wherever possible for more profitable use of agricultural land and to facilitate improved technology-based cultivation. Jalmohals designated as fish sanctuaries will be transferred to the Directorate of Fisheries as per the Policy.”
Geographical location of the study area
The average farm and arable land were found to be 2.42 and 92.07 decimal places, respectively, with about 6% households having no farm land and 32% households having no arable land.
Chapter Two Objective of the Research
Objectives
Chapter Three
Methodology
Flowchart of the Methodology
Detail process
And how to increase resilience and sustainable livelihoods in the Haor area. Primary data is collected from local communities and actors, including NGOs and other relevant stakeholders, through Participatory Resource Mapping, FGD, KII and Seasonal Calendaring. Primary data collection was anchored by the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) tools. Participatory resource mapping and seasonal calendars (crops and hazards) are also carried out to obtain the necessary data for the study.
All necessary tools and techniques were developed at an earlier stage of the research.
Chapter Four Analysis and Findings
Analysis
- Resilience Frameworks & SDG Review
Research on resilience frameworks has been conducted to learn how resilience can be achieved and what are the key issues of those resilience frameworks. Different types of resilience frameworks have been selected to understand resilience from different points of view. There are Resilience Frameworks such as the ARUP/Rockefeller Foundation City Resilience Framework, which mainly takes into account urban areas and focuses on urban resilience, and the IFRC Framework for Community Resilience, which mainly considers rural areas and focuses on the resilience of the community.
On the other hand, Oxfam GB's Multi-Dimensional Approach to Measuring Resilience, which considered both urban and rural areas. So reviewing different types of resilience frameworks was central to this research, it helped to understand community resilience, climate and food security, climate resilience and adaptation, city resilience and multidimensional approaches to resilience. After studying these different types of Resilience Frameworks, three Frameworks have been selected which can be adapted to the Haor context of Bangladesh.
Oxfam GB Multi-Dimensional Approach to Measuring Resilience
FAO Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis Model (RIMA II)
The three Frames selected are, . uncertainty.) and extremes through preparedness and planning.) . and quality of access and services.). It refers to the ability to adapt to the multiple, long-term and future risks of climate change, and to learn and adapt after a . disaster.). An asset is usually a "share" that can be mined, built or developed, as well as a resource that can be shared or . transferred between generations.).
Health of local ecosystems, sound natural resource management practices and resilience of essential . physical infrastructure). Transformation can describe an unintended change, but generally refers to . to consciously attempt changes required to achieve a desired goal or . result.). Formal and informal institutions are largely capable of reducing risk, supporting positive adaptation and ensuring equal access to essential services.
Adaptive capacity represents the ability of the household to adapt to the changing environment in which it operates.). Following this study, sustainable development goals and indicators have been made and related to resilience components. By relating resilience components to the SDG and its indicators, indicators have been created for Haor to analyze its resilience and sustainable livelihoods.
By studying the goals and indicators of sustainable development related to the components of resilience, the four "Haor Indicators for Sustainability and Sustainable Livelihoods" are born.
DRR and Climate Action
Livelihood Diversification
Access to Natural Resources
Institute and Governance
- Field Research Analysis
- Findings
But due to flash floods, like the remaining 70%-75% of the village, this road also goes under water during flash floods (field study, 2019). A flash flood is so destructive that a large part of the area is under water when it floods. Due to flash floods, it destroys the crop, the house of the villagers and the regular communication system, which has a very bad effect on the life of the people living in the haor.
They can't even grow vegetables properly in the flood season because they don't get much land out of the water. Ducks can move freely because of the wide water body, a large amount of fish can be found in the water body. Due to the flash flood, the Northwest cold wave. amp; the fog farming of this area is damaged.
Due to flash floods, their lands remain under water for half of the year, vegetables take less time to grow than rice and other crops. In the post-flood period, irrigation water becomes one of the biggest problems for villagers. There are some jobs that can be done by women and girls of the house.
If they can get big orders from Dhaka or other cities in the country, they would be able to make. Most of the houses have their own livestock which can be used to increase their economic situation. In some areas, river dredging has been started at the initiative of the Bangladesh government.
Flash floods are one of the most dangerous types of floods, so its control is not possible. The flood shelters must be large enough for the people of the Haori area to fit their valuables. Vegetables are grown throughout the year and can be grown in the yard or on the shade of the house tin during flooding.
It is one of the most important elements of the hair that people depend on for their existence. All the necessary policies are present for the development of the area, the government should take initiative for the proper implementation of the policy.
Chapter Five
Recommendation and Conclusion
Recommendation
Conclusion
Master Plan for Haor Areas, Main Report Vol.II (April 2012), Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board. Bio-Ecological Zones of Bangladesh; International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, IUCN, Bangladesh Country Office; 2002. Golam Rasul & Bikash Sharma (2015/6), Strategic Framework for Resilient Livelihood in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal, Publisher??.
What is the general timing of Flash Flood, has any disaster management policy been taken due to Flash Flood? What are the major crops of Bhabanipur and how much damage is caused to the crop due to flash floods? Rice is the main crop in this area, but is there an alternative crop that can replace rice?
Is it not a barrier for the villagers if they want to take fishing as their livelihood. What policy has the government pursued for Haor and the people in Haor.
