I hereby declare that this internship report has been prepared by me under the supervision of Engr. Taslim Arefin, Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Information and Communication Engineering, for his kind assistance in completing my internship and also to other faculty participants, the staff of ICE Department of Daffodil International University.
Introduction 10
The SIM or Subscriber Identity Module contains the knowledge that the user's identity has on the network. The Base Station Scheme (BSS) part of the GSM specification which essentially deals with communicating with the mobile phones on the network. The most important part of the core network space of the general GSM specification is intermittently the Mobile Change Services Center (MSC).
Shown below (Figure 2.2) is the layout of the interconnection between completely different edges. Gazi Networks Ltd was licensed on April 12, 2012. The network construction will be supported by 3 layers with decorative instruments and technologies that can change when needed. The first layer is the IGWs that will join the International Long Distance Cable (ILDC) and ICX networks. The number of ICX arms will be decided by the government based on the scenario of the telecom region of Bangladesh.
About five percent of the gross data transfer rate is reserved for OAM (operations, management and maintenance) tasks. All sides of the loop (known as A and B, or rarely, East and West), cover separate pickup and receiving gravel. SPC codes are divided into international as well as national SPC codes. International SPC codes are used in international traffic over international C7 signaling links and are allocated and managed by the ITU-T Secretariat for each country/international exchange.
The allocation of codes within the initial 'CBA' subfield within this 3-8-3 bit structure is left to national authorities, which are responsible for advising the ITU-T Secretariat on the codes to be used. EMS provides descriptions of all EMS events and alarms and links alarms to corrective actions to resolve problems. The C3 controller notifies GenView EMS customers of alarms, by severity and class, on the alarm bar or panel at the top of the screen. .
About Gazi Network Ltd 10
Company Profile 11
It controls a group of BTSs, and is usually placed with one in each of the BTSs in its group. The GMSC is that the purpose of a Maine termination order be traced ab initio, with no data of the MS's location. The SMS-GMSC role is comparable to that of the GMSC, while the SMS-IWMSC provides a hard and fast access purpose to the Short Message Service Centre.
The OSS or operational support scheme is a component within the general GSM specification that is linked to parts of the NSC and also the BSC. It should be noted that, because the variety of Bachelor of Science will increase with the scale of the subscriber population, a number of the maintenance tasks square measure transferred to the BTS, allowing savings within the price of owning the system. Effective use of information measure is earned in PDH because of the detail that, it is input bit higher than.
Guarding the scientist methods used is often victimization 1+1 guard and exists at the upper PDH levels ie. 140 Mbit/s and only overhead. Protection of the transmission paths generally uses 1+1 protection and is only available at the higher PDH levels ie. 140 Mbit/s and above. So, even if the SDH character is 155Mbit/s in size, the primary single circuit that can be deployed at any time by the client is prohibited to the dimensions of VC-4, ie.
The practical layer one and layer a are supported on LAN, so invest in the efficiency of applied mathematical multiplexing right at the edge of the network. Subsequently, in 2012, BTRC licensed twenty-three additional ICX employees within the telecommunications sector and Gazi Networks Ltd. became one of the most important ICX operators of the year.
Objective the Report 11
The GSM network architecture 11
The hardware itself contains most of the components of the moveable, as well as the show, the case, the battery, and also the physics that does not generate the signal and the way information is received and transmitted. The "MSC" part of the term GMSC is unfair as the entry operation does not require Associate in Nursingy to be associated with the MS.
Summary of the Report 17
Network Architecture Of Gazi Network Ltd 18-21
Telecom Network Topology (Structure) 19
In several cases, a dish exists as a degree of demarcation ("DEMARC") with intermittent associated grade LEC building, and is established under "colocation" agreements. As a term within the National Telecommunications Act 1998 and check Extended Distance Telecommunications Facility (ILDTS) Policy 2007, all mobile employees must be interconnected through Interconnection talk (ICX) and international calls to be the same through International Door (IGW) which is close to the mobile and stuck the hands complete the ICXs. The Interconnection Exchange (ICX) can receive all calls from the mobile and static operators when the decision is through another network and can allow them to the destination network if the decision is prohibited, and can allow the IGWs that the decision is international.
With concerted efforts between law enforcement agencies, new IGW operators and ICX under the guidance of the BTRC, a large volume of illegal traffic can be diverted back into the legal channel. International calls can be predicted to increase significantly every year due to factors such as the growing number of Bangladeshi expatriates outside the country. This will also help to increase the density of domestic tele-television and increase business activities. The icx operator takes over the routing of all international incoming calls received through the International Gateway (IGW) and terminates to the mobile and landline operator.
Routing all inter-operator calls in the country for both mobile and fixed lines.
Network topology 21
Interconnection Exchange (ICX) 21
Transmission in Telecommunication System 23-40
PDH Basics 24
PCM allows analog waveforms, such as language, to be restored into a binary arrangement suitable for transmission over longer distances via digital schemes. This procedure is still used today and procedures form the basis of virtually all transmission schemes we tend to use today.
PDH Networks 24
Summary of PDH Limitations 26
It was soon solved with SONET (Synchronous Optical Network). Initially, SONET may have only carried the ANSI bittol (American National Standards Organization), i.e. the purpose of the outline was to provide a simpler overall interconnection. Therefore, SONET was adapted to carry the bit speeds of 2, 8, 34 & 140Mbit/s that are common in Europe. As a new digital optical transmission system, SONET would offer significant advantages over the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), while still being able to transport PDH.
The acronym SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy and refers to a multiplex technology used in telecommunications. SDH allows data streams with low bit rates to be combined into high-speed data streams. Since the entire network is synchronous, individual bit streams can be relatively easily embedded in and extracted from high-speed data streams. At the physical layer, digital synchronous hierarchy uses connections based on copper lines, optical fiber or satellite and directional radio links.
Finally, virtual containers transport individual usable data containers and control mapping of different signals at different bit rates.
Overview 28
Graphical SDH Multiplexer Structure 29
Full SDH Multiplexer Structure 30
Basic SDH Network Topology 31
Features and Advantages of SDH 31
Mbps FRAME – FORMAT 31
Positive Justification in PDH 32
They are all brought to the same frequency (i.e. thirty-six bps) by adding the appropriate variety of idle bits to each branch.
Line Rates and Hierarchy in SDH & SONET 33
The advanced order flow will use frame assembly and framing bits so that the inserted tributary bits are higher.
Contiguous Concatenation 35
STM-1 Frame Structure & Section Overhead 36
STM-1 Section Overheads 37
Signaling Point Code (SPC) 38
International Signaling Point Codes (ISPCs) 39
It will be used as a client premise instrumentation or as a network part in the Access Network. The C3 controller reports alarms that can be viewed from GenView EMS or interface buyers. The system alarms are displayed by default in GenView EMS, but the user will hide alarms by selecting an option from the most menu.
The C3 controller notifies Buyers Claim Interface (CLI) of alarms and events by displaying them on the claim when they occur. Category includes events that report on sharable resources that are exhausted or have reached a predefined level. With the consolidation of satellite networks within the decade after independence, completed facilities at Flower and Aliabad earth satellite sites were milestones in the phase.
With the emergence of satellite networks in the decade after independence, the facilities established at the terrestrial satellite sites of Flower and Aliabad were milestones in this phase.
National Signaling Point Codes 40
Key Benefits 42
- Compact Flexible Solution 42
- Advanced Packet Capabilities 42
- Extended Temperature Hardware 43
- Media Gateway 43
- Media Gateway Controller 43
A media gateway is a translation device or service that converts media streams between different telecommunication technologies such as POTS, SS7, Next Generation Networks (2G, 2.5G and 3G radio access networks) or private branch exchange systems ( PBX). Media gateways enable multimedia communications over packet networks using transport protocols such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP). Because the media gateway connects different types of networks, one of its main functions is to convert between different transmission and encoding techniques.
Media streaming features such as echo cancellation, DTMF and tone sender are also located in the media gateway. It monitors the gateways for events, such as a lifted state when a user intends to initiate a phone call, and sends requests to the gateway to initiate or terminate sessions, to alert the called party, or to terminate a call. The protocols used for this interaction between the gateway and its controller have evolved through different types and versions.
Simple Gateway Control Protocol (SGCP) and Internet Protocol Device Control (IPDC) have been replaced by Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) and Megaco, which is also known as H.248. Some MGCs interface with other signaling protocols, such as as Signaling System No.
Alarms and Event Functions in NOC (Network 44-49
- Alarm Severity Levels 44
- Alarm and Event Categories 45
- Alarm and Event Screen Displays 47
- Real life alarms monitoring in NOC 49
Major The system experiences loss of several pieces of equipment or loss of redundancy. Minor The system experiences the loss of a single device, which has not resulted in loss of service or redundancy. Warning The system has experienced a problem that may require attention to avoid a potential problem.
Information The system created an event that exceeded a specified threshold so that it reached the alarm level, but it does not require any troubleshooting action by the administrator.
