FABRICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Submitted by:
Md. AL AMIN Md. NAZMUL ISLAM Md. KAMRUZZAMAN
Under the supervision of Md. Sadiqul Islam
Lecturer
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU)
FEBRUARY, 2020
FABRICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM OF SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU),
GREEN ROAD CAMPUS, DHAKA.
Submitted by:
Md. AL AMIN
Md. NAZMUL ISLAM Md. KAMRUZZAMAN
ID NO: BME-1602009157 ID NO: BME-1602009109 ID NO: BME-1602009169
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING SONARGAON UNIVERSITY, DHAKA
Under the supervision of
Md. Sadiqul Islam Lecturer
SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU)
FEBRUARY, 2020
3
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The thesis titled “FABRICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM OF SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU), GREEN ROAD CAMPUS”, submitted by Md.
Al Amin (1602009157), Md. Nazmul Islam (1602009109), Md. Kamruzzaman (1602009169), has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
Supervised By:
………
Md. Sadiqul Islam Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sonargaon University (SU)
Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
I
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP
We hereby declare that, this thesis paper has been done by us under the supervision of Md. Sadiqul Islam, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Sonargaon University (SU). We also declare that neither this thesis paper nor any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree or diploma.
………
Md. Al Amin (1602009157)
……….
Md. Nazmul Islam (1602009109)
……….
Md. Kamruzzaman (1602009169)
II
To Our Family
………III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE NO Certificate of Approval...I Declaration of Authorship...II Dedication...III Table of Contents...IV-V List of the Figure...VI Acknowledgement...VII Abstract...VIII
Chapter I Introduction
1.1 Introduction...1
1.2 Background Study...1
1.3 Objectives...2
1.4 Project Organization...2
Chapter II Literature Review Literature Review...3
Chapter III Theory of the Project 3.1 Introduction...5
3.2 Theory...5
3.2.1 Arduino Uno R3...5
3.2.2 Linear Actuator...9
3.2.3 IR Sensors...10
3.2.4 Ultrasonic SensorHC-SR04...11
3.2.5 Brush DC Motors...13
3.2.6 LCD Display (16x2)...14
3.2.7 12V DC Power supply (Rectifier)...15
IV
3.2.8 Voltage Regulator IC...16
3.2.9 Transistor (BC547)...17
3.2.10 Relay...18
3.2.11 Diode (IN 4007)...19
3.2.12 Resistor...20
3.2.13 Variable Resistor/Potentiometer...21
3.2.14 Reset Switch...22
3.2.15 Capacitor...22
3.2.16 Wire...23
Chapter IV Design & Fabrication 4.1 Introduction...24
4.2 Block Diagram...24
4.3 Circuit Diagram...25
4.4 Circuit Description...25
4.5 Working Principle...25
4.6 Image of Project...26
4.7 Flow Chart...27
Chapter V Result and Discussion 5.1 Introduction...28
5.2 Result...28
5.3 Advantages...28
5.4 Disadvantage...28
5.5 Cost estimation...29
Chapter VI Conclusion 6.1 Conclusion...29
6.2 Recommendation...29
Appendix...31
References...33
V
List of Figure
Fig: 3.2.1.1: Arduino Uno r3...5
Fig: 3.2.1.2: ATMEGA328P-PU chip to Arduino Pin Mapping...9
Fig: 3.2.2.1: Linear Actuator...9
Figure: 3.2.3.1: IR sensors...10
Figure: 3.2.3.2: IR Sensors Operational Process...11
Figure: 3.2.2.3 :Depiction of the operation of an IR Sensor to measure brightness...11
Fig: 3.2.4.1: Ultrasonic Sensor...11
Fig: 3.2.4.2: Working Procedure of Ultrasonic Sensor...12
Fig: 3.2.5.1: 24V Brush DC motor...13
Fig: 3.2.6.1: LCD Display...14
Figure: 3.2.7.1: 220/12V rectifier...15
Figure: 3.2.7.2: Output Waveforms of 220V/12V rectifier...16
Figure: 3.2.8.1 : Voltage Regulator (7805)PIN Diagram...16
Figure: 3.2.9.1: BC547...17
Figure: 3.2.9.2:BC547 Characteristics Curve...18
Figure: 3.2.10.1 Relay operation...18
Figure: 3.2.11.1: Diode IN4007...19
Figure: 3.2.11.2: Characteristics Curve of Diode...19
Figure: 3.2.12.1: Resistor...20
Figure: 3.2.13.1: Variable Resistor...21
Figure: 3.2.13.2 Different Types of Potentiometer...21
Figure: 3.2.14.1:Reset Switch...22
Figure: 3.2.15.1 Electrolytic Capacitor...23
Fig: 3.2.16.1: Connecting Wire...23
Figure: 4.2.1: Block diagram...24
Figure : 4.3.1: Circuit diagram...25
Figure: 4.6.1: Project Full Image...26
Figure: 4.7.1: Flow Chart...27
VI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our utmost gratitude to Allah, the almighty, without his mercy and blessing this work would not been possible. We are grateful to our supervisor Md. Sadiqul Islam, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sonargaon University for his guidance, encouragement many ways throughout his project work. We also appreciate his vision, experience, interest and support for this project which came to us with greater help to write this paper.
We are also thankful to Md. Mostafa Hossain, Associate Professor, Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Sonargaon University for suggestions. We are also thankful to our Classmates for their support and also who helped us to make this project successful.
Finally we convey our heartily gratitude to our parents and family members for their moral support.
VII
ABSTRACT
An ultrasonic car braking system includes; an ultrasonic wave emitter provided in a front or portion of an automatic braking car producing and emitting ultrasonic waves frontward in a predetermined distance in front of the car. Ultrasonic receiver also formed in a front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective ultrasonic wave signal as reflected by obstacles positioned within the pre-determined distance in front of the automatic braking car. The “Automatic Braking system” will process the sensor data and control the vehicle to prevent accidents caused by careless driving or difficulty in detecting objects in path.
In this, we designed the auto-braking system which keeps a distance between the object and vehicle to prevent accident using sensors and is fabricated using 8051 as a control unit and ultrasonic sensor. In this project paper we have discussed the circuit testing and error rectification of this system, the advantages, limitation and application of our developed system. This system is very reliable since AVR is a very reliable platform of electronics development works, the Ultrasonic and IR sensor is also very low cost and reliable component which is largely used in automation systems. At the end we can say, this product is very intelligent and lucrative one. With the growing time and technology, the uses of bikes will increase as well as the theft prevention systems soon.
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