I hereby declare that the work presented in this internship report titled "Internet and Data Connection Using Optical Fiber and RF Signal" has been done by us under the supervision of Mr. Deep Knowledge, and my supervisor's keen interest in wireless networking have influenced us His endless patience, scientific guidance, constant encouragement, constant and energetic supervision, constructive criticism, valuable advice, reading many inferior drafts and correcting them at every stage have made possible to complete this project. Golam Mowla Chowdhury Professor and Head, Department of ETE, for his kind help in finalizing our internship report and also to other faculty members and the staff of the ETE Department of Daffodil International University.
I would like to thank my entire coursemate at Daffodil International University who participated in this discussion while completing the course work.
Abstract
Introduction
- Organization of the Report
Ranger ITT is the largest data network in terms of geographical coverage in Bangladesh spanning 6 divisions and 64 districts with 30 PoPs nationwide. The network operates on a single platform using RAD and Cisco technology and offers a wide range of voice and data solutions to national and multinational companies in a variety of industries. Ranger - ITT is the market leader in nationwide data communications network services with over $4 million in investments.
As the technology leader Ranks - ITT combines its carrier-class technology deployment and national coverage with superior A worldwide research network that shares a common addressing scheme and uses the TCP/IP software protocol for data transfer between hosts. First, I understood the background of the core network of the company, then applied to perform the problem statement, and finally checked the status of network whether it was operational. In this report, the overall theoretical and technical details of the given company were introduced and finally the problem solving of the project was tested and verified with the help of simulation tool.
Optical Fiber Communication
- Optical Fiber
- History
- First-generation
- Third-generation
- Fourth generation
- Applications
- Material & Structure of Optical Fiber
- Multi-mode Optical Fiber
- Single-Mode Optical Fiber
An optical fiber consists of a core, a cladding and an attenuator (protective outer covering) in which the cladding guides light along the core using the method of total internal reflection. The core of a conventional optical fiber is a cylinder of glass or plastic that runs along the length of the fiber. Light traveling in the core is reflected from the core-cladding boundary due to total internal reflection as long as the angle between the light and the boundary is less than the critical angle.
Rays that meet the core cladding boundary at a large angle, greater than the critical angle for this boundary, are completely reflected. In graded index fibers, the refractive index in the core decreases continuously between the axis and the cladding. The waveguide analysis shows that the light energy in the fiber is not completely confined in the core.
Optical Fiber Equipment & WAN Connection
- Optical Time-Domain Reflect Meter
- Uses of OTDR
- Operation of OTDR
- Fiber Media Converter
- Splicing Machine
- Splicing Method
- Cleaving
- The Fusion Process
A short pulse length will improve the distance resolution of the optical events, but will also reduce the measurement range and attenuation measurement resolution. In this situation, the measured dead zone will depend on a combination of pulse length and reflection magnitude. Media converters can extend LAN reach over single-mode fiber up to 130 kilometers with 1550 nm optics.
In addition to conventional double-stranded fiber optic converters, with separate receive and transmit ports, there are also single-stranded fiber optic converters, which can extend full-duplex data transmission up to 70 kilometers over one optical fiber. If you want to connect two pieces of fiber optic with as little loss of optical power as possible, it is best to opt for fusion splicing. In fusion splicing, the cores and claddings of the two fibers are actually melted together.
Splicing can be done using a mechanical splice, but these only hold the ends of the fibers together, precisely aligned, but not permanently joined. 2 - Cut the fibers with a precision splicing tool and attach heat shrink tubing to one of the ends. Do this a small section at a time to avoid breaking the fiber, about 10 mm (3/8 in) on each cut is fine until you get used to it.
The splitter first cuts the fiber and then pulls the fiber apart to break it cleanly. Basically, the process consists of inserting the fiber into the groove and clamping, then close the lid and press the lever. Press a button and the machine automatically takes care of the rest of the fusion process.
34;OK" beeps so you can remove the splice from the machine 3.5 Internet and data connection using optical fiber.
Radio Frequency
- Radio Frequency
- Radio-frequency identification
- Modulation
- Demodulation
- RF Antennas
- Omni-directional (Dipole) Antenna
- Semi directional Antenna
- Highly directional antenna
- Antenna Gain
- Radio Spectrum
The physical structure of an antenna is directly related to the shape of the area where it concentrates most of its related RF energy. Omni-directional antennas are used when coverage is required in all directions around the horizontal axis of the antenna. Omnidirectional antennas are most effective where large coverage areas around a central point are needed.
Omni-directional antennas are commonly used for point-to-multipoint designs with a hub-n-spoke topology. Semi-directional antennas direct the energy of the transmitter significantly more in one specific direction rather than the uniform circular pattern common with the Omni-directional antenna; Semi-directional antennas come in many different styles and shapes. Semi-directional antennas often radiate in a hemispherical or cylindrical coverage pattern as can be seen in Figure 3.6(B).
In some cases, semi-directional antennas provide such long-range coverage that they can eliminate the need for multiple access points in a building. In some cases, semi-directional antennas have back and side lobes which, if used effectively, can further reduce the need for additional access points. Highly directional antennas radiate the narrowest signal beam of any antenna type and have the highest gain of these three groups of antennas.
Highly directional antennas are typically concave, dish-shaped devices, as can be seen in Figures 3.3 and 3.4. Potential applications of highly directional antennas could be for two buildings that are miles apart but have no obstacles in the way. Radio spectrum refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that corresponds to radio frequencies – that is, frequencies lower than about 300 GHz (or equivalent wavelengths longer than about 1 mm).
Different parts of the radio spectrum are used for different radio transmission technologies and applications.
RF Equipment
- RF Equipment
- GPS 5.2 AIRLIVE
- AIRLIVE Features
- Bridge Mode
- Individual IP/MAC Control
- Canopy System
- GHz Channels of Canopy
- Bandwidth Management (Uplink/Downlink with Access Point)
When working in Access Point mode, AIR live becomes the center of the wireless network. When AIRLIVE is configured to operate in Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode, AIRLIVE provides bridging capabilities with external LAN networks in the WDS system. However, each bridge can only be connected to a maximum of 4 other bridges in the WDS configuration.
We can manage your AIRLIVE by simply typing its IP address into the web browser. IP Subnet Mask – The subnet mask must be the same as that set on your Ethernet network. Default Gateway – If you have assigned a static IP address to the access point, then enter the IP address of your network's gateway, such as a router, in the Gateway field.
However, the 5.2GHz Extended Range (ER) BH uses very low transmit power and is allowed with a reflector in the US. In case there is no convenient optical or cable connection available for IP connectivity to the AP cluster, the BH module set can be used. Channel selections for APs in the 2.4 GHz band depend on whether the AP is clustered.
A BH or a single 2.4 GHz AP can operate in the following channels, which are separated by steps of only 2.5 MHz. Channel selections for the access point in the 5.2 GHz band depend on whether the access point is deployed in a cluster. A BH or a single 5.2 GHz AP can operate on the following channels, separated by 5 MHz increments, as advised in the warning above.
Channel selections for the AP in the 5.7 GHz band depend on whether the AP is clustered. A single 5.7 GHz BH or AP can operate on the following U-NII channels, which are separated in 5 MHz increments, as advised in the caution above. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that allows land, sea and air users to determine their exact location, speed and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world .
Site Survey and Radio Connectivity
- Site Survey
- Preparing for a Site Survey
- Outdoor Surveys
- Loss Due to Foliage
- Point-to-Point System
- Channel Plans
- RSSI
- Custom RF Frequency Scan Selection List
- Color Code
- Downlink Data
- High Priority Uplink Percentage
- Radio link Point To Point AP/SM Configures
- Configure Master End
The following is a list of the most basic questions that must be answered before the actual physical work of the site investigation begins. An RF signal in space is attenuated by atmospheric and other effects as a function of distance from the initial transmission point. Objects that enter this area can cause the received signal strength of the transmitted signal to fade.
Seasonal density, moisture content of the leaves and other factors such as wind can change the amount of loss. The Canopy RF platform can be configured to form a point-to-point network connection that can be used in wireless backhaul, bridging and other data applications. Motorola also offers a 5.2 GHz point-to-point system that has a range of two miles without the reflectors.
The reflector kit increases the transmit and receive gain of the SM by approximately 17 dB, thereby increasing the range between the AP module and the SM to approximately 10 miles LOS. The Point-to-Multipoint system enables the provision of broadband access to multiple locations from a single AP Module. Therefore, a Canopy Point-to-Multipoint configuration can be deployed in both rural and metropolitan environments.
You must select the percentage of total bandwidth required for the downlink (ie from the access point module to the subscriber). The high priority uplink percentage describes the percentage of uplink bandwidth that will be dedicated to low latency traffic. Once set, this percentage of RF link bandwidth will be permanently allocated to low-latency traffic, regardless of the amount of such traffic present.
For short distances, RSSI should be 43db-60db. For long distance point-to-point connection RSSI 60db to 65db is acceptable.
Conclusion
