AvwLivZ Rxeb
f~wgKv
AvwLivZ Øviv cvi‡jŠwKK Rxeb‡K eySvq| AvwLiv‡Zi wecixZ `ywbqv ev Bn‡jŠwKK Rxeb| `ywbqvi RxebB gvbeRxe‡bi †kl bq; eis g„Zz¨i cviI i‡q‡Q gvby‡li Rb¨ GK Abš— Rxeb| †hLv‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi `ywbqvi Rxe‡b K…Z fvj I g›` Kv‡Ri cy´Lvbycy´L wn‡me-wb‡Kk w`‡Z n‡e| wePv‡ii ci cyi¯‹vi ¯^iƒc RvbœvZ Ges cvcxiv kvw¯— ¯^iƒc Rvnvbœvg jvf Ki‡e| gvbevÍv Agi-Abš—| g„Zz¨ Zvi †kl cwiYwZ bq| gvby‡li g„Zz¨i mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi mg¯— wKQy aŸsm n‡q hvq bv| g„Z e¨w³ Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li Avov‡j P‡j hvq| Zvi Av‡iK bZzb Rxeb ïi“ nq| G Rxeb wPiš—b Rxeb| GUvB gvby‡li cÖK…Z Rxeb| g„Zz¨i G cieZx© Rxe‡bi bvgB AvwLivZ ev ciKvj|
GB BDwb‡Ui cvV ¸‡jv-
cvV-1 : AvwLivZ Rxeb cvV-2 : †e‡nkZ cvV-3 : †`vhL
BDwbU
11
cvV 1 AvwLivZ Rxeb
D‡Ïk¨GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
1.1 AvwLiv‡Zi cwiPq
AvwLivZ kãwU AvwLi kã n‡Z AvMZ| Gi Av¶wiK A_©Ñ †kl, c‡i, cieZx©, ci Rxeb, †kl cwiYwZ, cwiYvg,
†kl dj; wØZxq Avjg, wKqvgZ BZ¨vw`|
Bmjvgx cwifvlvq AvwLivZ n‡”QÑ g„Zz¨i ci n‡Z gvby‡li †h Abš— Rxeb-Kvj Avi¤¢ nq, Zv‡K AvwLivZ e‡j|
AZGe, AvwLivZ A_© ciKvj ev cvi‡jŠwKK Rxeb| g„Zz¨ Zvi †kl cwiYwZ bq| gvbyl g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡jB Zvi Rxeb G‡Kev‡i †kl n‡q hvq bv, eis g„Z e¨w³ Avgv‡`i P¶zi Aš—iv‡j P‡j hvq Ges Zvi Av‡iK bZzb Rxeb Avi¤¢ nq|
GUvB cÖK…Z Rxeb Ges wPi¯’vqx, wPi kvk¦Z Rxeb| g„Zz¨i cieZx© Rxe‡bi bvgB AvwLivZ ev ciKvj|
BnKvjB gvbe Rxe‡bi †kl bq eis g„Zz¨i ciI i‡q‡Q gvby‡li Rb¨ GK Abš— Rxeb, †hLv‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi cvw_©e Rxe‡bi fvj I g›` Kv‡Ri cy´Lvbycy´L wn‡me w`‡Z n‡e Ges mwVK wePv‡i ci RvbœvZx ev Rvnvbœvgx n‡q Zvi h_vh_ djvdj †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e GUvB n‡jv AvwLivZ| Avj−vni mš—zwó AR©b K‡i Rvnvbœv‡gi Avhve n‡Z bvRvZ Ges Rvbœv‡Zi Abš— myL I Abvwej kvwš— jv‡fi g‡a¨B gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z mvdj¨ wbwnZ| AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K©
Bmjvgx AvKx`v GUvB| wb‡æ G m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj:
1.2 AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi `y'ce© :
Avj‡g AvwLivZ‡K `y'wU ce© ev ch©v‡q fvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| h_v-
(K) Avj‡g eihvL : g„Zz¨ n‡Z wKqvgZ ch©š— cÖ_g ch©vq| G ch©vq ev c‡e©i bvg ÔAvj‡g eihvL'| ÔeihvL' A_©
e¨eavb| `y‡Uv e¯—zi ga¨eZx© mxgv‡iLv ev c`©v| gvby‡li Bn-Rxe‡bi I wKqvg‡Zi ga¨eZx© †h RMZ †jvKP¶zi Aš—
iv‡j i‡q‡Q, Zv‡KB Avj‡g eihvL ev ga¨eZx© RMZ ejv nq| gvby‡li g„Zz¨i ci n‡Z wKqvgZ ev cyYi“Ìvb w`em ch©š— G mgq Kvj| G g‡g© gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb : ÒAvi Zv‡`i cðv‡Z cyYi“Ìvb w`em ch©š— we¯—„Z GKwU ga¨eZx©
Rxeb i‡q‡Q|Ó
(L) Avj‡g nvki : wKqvgZ n‡Z Abš—Kvj e¨vcx wØZxq ce©| Gi bvg Avj‡g nvki| Avj‡g nvk‡ii Avi¤¢ Av‡Q wKš—z †kl †bB| Bnv Abš—Kvje¨vcx Pj‡Z _vK‡e|
1.3 AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© wek¦vmmg~n
cÖ_gZ: AvwLiv‡Zi Abš— Rxe‡bi Zzjbvq cvw_©e Rxeb GKwU †LjvN‡ii b¨vq ¶Y¯’vqx| G cÖms‡M Avj−vni †NvlYv : ÒGB cvw_©e Rxeb †Lj-Zvgvmv Qvov Avi wKQyB bq- ciKvwjb RxebB n‡jv cÖK…Z Rxeb|Ó
Z‡e G ¶Y¯’vqx cvw_©e Rxeb Ab_©K bq| †Kbbv, GUvB AvwLiv‡Zi Abš— Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ cv‡_q m‡qi mgq|
gnvbex (mv) G g‡g© e‡jb : Òcvw_©e Rxeb n‡”Q ciKv‡ji †¶‡Î ¯^iƒc|Ó ev›`v GLv‡b †hgb exR ecY Ki‡e, ciKv‡j †Zgb dj cv‡e| `ywbqv‡Z †hiƒc KvR Ki‡e, AvwLiv‡Z †Zgb dj †fvM Ki‡e|
wØZxqZt Cgvb wej AvwLivZ ev ciKv‡ji cÖwZ wek¦vm Bmjvgx Rxeb `k©‡bi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK AvKx`v| cÖ‡Z¨KwU fvj Kv‡R Zv‡K cyi¯‹vi Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU g›`Kv‡Ri Rb¨ kvw¯— †`qv n‡e| G wek¦vm gvb‡ei ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m„wó K‡i _v‡K| hviv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i Ges fvj KvR K‡i, Zviv Avj−vni wbKU n‡Z ÔAvj‡g eihv‡L' cyi¯‹…Z n‡e|
Z…ZxqZt Avi hviv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i bv Ges mrKvR m¤úv`b K‡i bv, Zviv Avj‡g eihv‡L Z_v ÔKi‡e' I ciKv‡j Rvnvbœv‡gi AeY©bxq kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡e| gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv †NvlYv K‡ib : ÒAwZ kxNªB Avwg Zv‡`i‡K `y'evi kvw¯— `vb Ki‡ev| AZtci Zv‡`i‡K fqven I wefxwlKvgq kvw¯—i cÖwZ wb‡q hvIqv n‡e|Ó GLv‡b
`y'evi kvw¯— cÖ`vb Øviv GKwU Avj‡g eihv‡L, AciwU wKqvg‡Zi wePv‡ii c‡ii kvw¯—i K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wnmve- wbKv‡ki ci Avj−vni AbyMZ †bK ev›`v‡`i Abš— myL I cÖkvwš—i wPi¯’vqx Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Avj−vn Zv'Avjv Adziš—
wbqvg‡Z mymw¾Z Avevm¯’j cÖ¯—zZ K‡i †i‡L‡Qb, Zv‡K †e‡nkZ ev RvbœvZ ejv nq|
PZz_©Z: AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi NUbvejx gvbe Áv‡bi ewnf©~Z| ˆeÁvwbK-M‡elYv, `vk©wb‡Ki wPš—v-fvebv, Kwei Kíbv Ges Zvcm‡`i a¨vb-mvabv Øviv cvi‡jŠwK Rxeb †eva m¤^‡Ü Avwe®‹vi Kiv hvq bv| g„Zz¨i hewbKvi Icv‡i Kx i‡q‡Q Zv †`Lvi gZ gvby‡li †PvL †bB, wePvi-we‡k−lY Kivi gZ eyw× †bB| myZivs Avj−vn Zv'Avjv bex-ivm~j‡`i gva¨‡g G m¤ú‡K© gvbe RvwZi Kv‡Q †h Z_¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb- ZvB gvbe‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| GKgvÎ InxÁvb gva¨g Qvov Ab¨‡Kvb Dcv‡q AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kivi e¨e¯’v †bB|
AvwLiv‡Z wek¦v‡mi ¸i“Z¡
1. Cgv‡bi A½
AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb ivLv Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK AvKx`vmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| G AvKx`v e¨wZ‡i‡K Cgvb weï× nq bv| ZvB AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm Kiv Cgv‡bi A½| gy'wgb-gyËvKx‡`i cwiPq w`‡q Avj−vn e‡jb-
ÒZviv AvwLiv‡ZI `„p wek¦vm iv‡L|Ó (m~iv evKviv : 4)
AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm Qvov ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I wKZv‡e wek¦vm Kiv nq bv| myZivs gy'wgb nIqvi Rb¨ AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm Acwinvh©|
Avj−vn Zv'Avjv e‡jb- Òc~e© I cwðg w`‡K †Zvgv‡`i gyL wdiv‡bvi g‡a¨ †Kvb Kj¨vY †bB| wKš—z Kj¨vY Av‡Q Avj−vn, AvwLivZ †d‡ikZvMY, wKZvemg~n Ges bexM‡Yi Ici Cgvb Avbvq‡bi g‡a¨|Ó (m~iv evKviv : 177) AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm bv Kiv fxlYfv‡e c_ åóZvi kvwgj| gyw³i c_ Zvi Rb¨ wPiZ‡i eÜ| Avj−vn e‡jb- ÒAvi †KD hw` Avj−vn, Zuvi †d‡ikZv, wKZve, ivm~jMY Ges AvwLivZ‡K Awek¦vm K‡i; Z‡e †m fxlYfv‡e c_åó
n‡q co‡e|Ó (4:136)
Bmjv‡gi hveZxq wewa-weavb I Av`‡k©i Ici wb‡R‡K my`„p ivLvi Rb¨I AvwLiv‡Zi Ici Cgvb ivLv Acwinvh©| KviY, g„Zz¨i ci Av‡iKwU Rxeb ïi“ n‡e Ges †m Rxe‡b cyi¯‹vi wKsev wZi¯‹vi; mdjZv wKsev e¨_©Zv KvR K‡g©i Dci wbf©ikxj| G wek¦vmB gvbyl‡K Bn‡jv‡K m‡Z¨i AbymiY Kivi †cÖiYv †hvMvq| Kv‡RB ZvInx`, wimvjv‡Z wek¦vm h_v_© ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡bI AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb GKvš— Avek¨K|
2. m‡Z¨i cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ Rb¥ †`q
AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb gvbe g‡b m‡Z¨i cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ I Am‡Z¨i cÖwZ weivM Rb¥ †`q| G g‡g© Avj−vn Zv'Avjv e‡jb-
ÒGK Bjvn wZwbB †Zvgv‡`i Bjvn| myZivs hviv AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i bv, Zv‡`i Aš—i mZ¨ wegyL Ges Zviv AnsKvix|Ó (16 : 22)
3. `vwqZ¡kxj wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡j
AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡kxj K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j| Avj−vn e‡jb-
Ò†mw`b cÖ‡Z¨K wbqvg‡Zi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡K wRÁvmv Kiv n‡e|Ó (ZvKvmyi)
cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri wn‡me AvwLiv‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| GB Abyf‚wZ‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i|
4. mrKg©kxj evbvq
AvwLiv‡Z cÖwZwU fvj-g›` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avj−vni Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| G wek¦v‡m gvbyl Amr I Ab¨vq KvR cwinvi K‡i mr I b¨vq Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i| gvbyl wb‡R‡K mrKg©kxj wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi cÖqvm Pvjvq|
5. PwiÎ DbœZ nq
AvwLiv‡Z wek¦v‡mi d‡j gvby‡li PwiÎ DbœZ nq| BnRxe‡bi Avgj m¤^‡Ü †m mZK© nq| ciKv‡j g›` Kv‡Ri kvw¯—i f‡q Ges fvj Kv‡Ri cyi¯‹v‡ii Avkvq gvbyl wb‡Ri Kg©Rxeb‡K my›`i K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j|
`ywbqvi Rxeb ¶Y¯’vqx| GLvbKvi is-Zvgvkv, †fvM-wejvm I †jvf-jvjmv meB A¯’vqx| AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm gvbyl‡K G cvw_©e †gvn †_‡K `~‡i iv‡L| †m my›`i I cwiwgZ Rxeb M‡o †Zv‡j|
6. `ywbqv AvwLiv‡Zi †¶Î ¯^iƒc : gnvbex (m) e‡jb-
Ò`ywbqv AvwLiv‡Zi †¶Î ¯^iƒc|Ó
A_©vr BnKv‡j fvj KvR Ki‡j ciKv‡j cyi¯‹vi cv‡e| Avi g›` KvR-Ki‡j cv‡e kvw¯—|
cvw_©e Rxeb ¶Y¯’vqx-bk¦i| GLvbKvi mdjZv cÖK…Z mdjZv bq| AvwLiv‡Zi Rxeb Abš—-A‡kl| Kv‡RB ciKv‡ji mvdj¨B cÖK…Z mdjZv| AvwLiv‡Zi wedjZvB Pig wedjZv| myZivs AvwLiv‡Z wek¦v‡mi cÖfve gvbe Rxe‡b Acwimxg| G wek¦vm gvbe Rxeb‡K `vwqZ¡kxj, mZK©, Kjylgy³ I my›`i K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j|
mvi-ms‡¶c
cvw_©e Rxe‡b gvby‡li K…Z-K‡gi h_vh_ cwic~Y© dj‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ GKwU Abš— Rxeb cÖ‡qvRb| Avi †mUvB n‡”Q AvwLivZ| AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm gvbyl‡K M‡o †Zv‡j `vwqZ¡kxj I Revew`wni Abyf‚wZkxj gvby‡l| gvbe Rxe‡bi wZbwU ch©vq n‡”Q- Avj‡g AviIqvn (ev AvwZ¥K RMZ), Avj‡g `ywbqv (ev cvw_©e RMZ) I Avj‡g AvwLivZ cvw_©e RM‡Zi †k‡l A_©vr gvb‡ei g„Zz¨i cieZx© Rxeb †_‡K ïi“ nq AvwLiv‡Zi Abš— Rxeb| Avi †mUv gvby‡li cÖK…Z Rxeb| AZGe, Avj−vn, ivm~j, wKZve, †d‡ikZv cÖf…wZi Ici wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvwLivZ ev ciKvwjb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ wek¦vm ev Cgvb MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb‡`i GKvš— Acwinvh©| GUv Bmjvgx AvKx`vi †gŠwjK wek¦vm| ZvB Avgv‡`i AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 11.1 K. ˆbe©¨w³K DËi-cÖkœ : mwVK DËiwU †e‡Q wbb|
1. AvwLiv‡Zi Av¶wiK A_© †kl/ cÖ_g/ ga¨g|
2. gvbevZ¥v Agi / bk¦i / ¶Yf¼zi|
3. gvbyl g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡j Zvi Rxeb G‡Kev‡i †kl n‡q hvq / hvq bv/ c‡P hvq|
4. g„Z e¨w³ Avgv‡`i P¶zi Aš—iv‡j P‡j hvq / †Q‡o P‡j hvq / c‡P M‡j †kl n‡q hvq|
5. g„Zz¨i ci ïi“ nq Av‡iK bZzb Rxeb / Avhve / Ki‡ei kvw¯—|
L. msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi cwiPq w`b|
2. AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi KqwU ce© I Kx Kx?
3. AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© wek¦vmg~n Kx Kx?
4. ÒAvwLivZ wek¦vm Cgv‡bi A½Ó- Gi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
5. ÒAvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡kxj wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡jÓ- we‡k−lY Ki“b|
6. AvwLivZ Rxe‡b wek¦v‡mi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|
cvV 2 †e‡nkZ
D‡Ïk¨GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
†e‡nk‡Zi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb
†e‡nk‡Zi myL kvwš— eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2.1 †e‡nkZ Kx?
†e‡nkZ dviwm kã| Aviex‡Z G‡K ejv nq RvbœvZ| AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”QÑ cy‡ v`¨vb, evMvb, evwMPv, ¸jkvb|
evsjv fvlvq RvbœvZ‡K ejv nq ¯^M©|
Bmjv‡gi cwifvlvq Rvbœv‡Zi msÁv n‡”Q- cvw_©e ¶Y¯’vqx Rxe‡bi †k‡l wKqvg‡Zi w`e‡m wePvi †k‡l †bK ev›`v‡`i cyi¯‹vi ¯^iƒc †h Abš— myLgq evm¯’vb `vb Kiv n‡e- ZvB †e‡nkZ|
†h e¨w³ gnvb mªóv Avj−vn iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi wb‡`©wkZ weavb Abyhvqx I ZuviB ivm~‡ji cÖ`wk©Z c‡_ Rxeb-hvcb K‡i‡Q, Zv‡K Abš— Rxe‡bi Rb¨ gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv cyi¯‹vi ¯^iƒc cig myL-¯^v”Q‡›`¨i Avevm RvbœvZ ev †e‡nkZ
`vb Ki‡eb| G g‡g© gnvb Avj−vn †NvlYv K‡ib:
Ò†h e¨w³ Zvi cÖfzi m¤§y‡L wn‡m‡ei Rb¨ `uvovevi fq K‡i Ges cÖe„wËi `vmZ¡ n‡Z wbR‡K weiZ iv‡L, †e‡nkZ-B Zvi GKgvÎ Avkªq ¯’j|Ó
2.2 †e‡nk‡Zi msL¨v/¯—i
†e‡nk‡Zi bvh-wbqvgZ Ges †e‡nkZx‡`i cwRkb Abymv‡i †e‡nk‡Zi AvUwU ¯—i i‡q‡Q|
¯—i AvUwUi bvg n‡”Q- cÖ_g ¯—i : RvbœvZzj wdi`vDm, wØZxq ¯—i : `vi“j gvKvg, Z…Zxq ¯—i : `vi“j Kvivi, PZz_© ¯—i : `vi“m mvjvg, cÂg ¯—i : RvbœvZzj gvIqv, lô ¯—i : `vi“b bvCg, mßg ¯—i : `vi“j Lyj` I Aóg ¯—i : RvbœvZz Av`b|
2.3 †e‡nk‡Z Ae¯’vb
†e‡nkZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P ¯—‡ii †e‡nkZ nj ÒRvbœvZzj wdi`vDmÓ Ges me©wbæ nj ÒRvbœvZz Av`bÓ| mIqve I cy‡Y¨i ZviZg¨ Abymv‡i †e‡nkZevmxMY wewfbœ ¯—‡ii †e‡nk‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| wePv‡i hviv cÖ_g ¯—‡ii mr Kg©kxj e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Zviv ms‡M ms‡M †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| wKš—z hviv Cgvb`vi nIqv m‡Ë¡I cvcx e‡j mve¨¯— n‡e Zv‡`i‡K †`vR‡L wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e| Zviv wb‡R‡`i cvc Abyhvqx kvw¯—‡fv‡Mi ci †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cv‡e| hviv GKevi †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cv‡e Zv‡`i‡K Avi †Kvb mgqB †mLvb n‡Z ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡e bv| Abš—Kv‡ji Rb¨
Zviv †m cig myLgq Rvbœv‡ZB Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|
2.5 †e‡nk‡Zi cwi‡ek
†e‡nkZ wPi kvwš—gq ¯’vb| †mLv‡b †ivM-†kvK, R¡iv-g„Zz¨ I cv_©K¨ _vK‡ebv| †e‡nk‡Zi wfwË ¯^Y© I †iŠc¨ wbwg©Z|
Gi f‚wg wgk‡Ki b¨vq, evwj Kc©y‡ii b¨vq Ges Zi“jZv Rvdiv‡bi b¨vq myMwÜc~Y©, my‡kvwfZ, mymw¾Z| Gi aviv¸‡jv myM‡Ü cwic~Y©| G‡Z `y», gay, cweÎ kive Ges ¯^”Q cvwbi †dvqviv I †mªvZw¤^bxmg~n m`v cÖengvb| G‡Z bvbv iKg my¯^v`y d‡ji my‡kvwfZ evM-evwMPv i‡q‡Q| evMv‡bi Zj‡`k w`‡q m`v cÖengvb SY©vaviv Aciƒc †mŠ›`‡h©i mywó K‡i Av‡Q| †e‡nk‡Zi cÖvmv`mg~n gwYgy³v, BqvKzZ I Rgi“` cv_‡ii ˆZix| kh¨v I Avmbmg~n gwY- gy³vLwPZ| cÖvmv`mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ggb g‡bvig I gbnvwiYx bqb wewkóv cigv-my›`ix ûiMY i‡q‡Q, hv‡`i‡K KLbI
†Kvb gbyl ev Rxb ¯úk© K‡iwb| gy³vi b¨vq wPi wK‡kvi †MjgvbMY Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ny‡i Ny‡i Lv`¨ I cvbxq cwi‡ekb Ki‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K †e‡nkZxi Rb¨ `y'†Uv ¯^‡Y©i I `y'†Uv †iŠ‡c¨i evMvb _vK‡e| cvw_©e RM‡Zi avwg©Kv ¯¿x I mš—vbMY Zv‡`i ms‡M _vK‡eb| bi-bvix cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wPi †hŠebv n‡e KLbI e„× n‡e bv| Zv‡`i gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| Zviv †Kvb mgq Amnbxq kxZ-Mig Dcjwä Ki‡e bv|
2.5 †e‡nk‡Zi myL-kvwš—
†e‡nk‡Zi Avivg-Av‡qk, myL-kvwš— Kx cwigv‡Y gvbyl‡K †`qv n‡e, Zv gvby‡li Ávb I Kíbvi AZxZ| G g‡g©
Avj−vn cvK nv`x‡m Kz`mx‡Z †NvlYv K‡ib :
Ògnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Avgvi mrKg©kxj ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ Ggb cyi¯‹vi cÖ¯—zZ †i‡LwQ- hv †Kvb †PvL †`‡Lwb, †Kvb Kvb ï‡bwb Ges †Kvb gvbe ü`q Kíbv K‡iwb|Ó
†e‡nk‡Zi myL-kvwš— I Avb›` Amxg I Adziš—| G bk¦i RM‡Zi mewKQy mxgve× I ¶qkxj| ab-†`ŠjZ, myL-kvwš—, iƒc-†hŠeb, Avivg-Av‡qk BZ¨vw` hv wKQy gvbyl cvw_©e Rxe‡b †fvM-e¨envi K‡i, Zv GKw`b wbt‡kl n‡q hvq| wKš—z cvi‡jŠwKK Rxe‡bi Avj−vn gvbyl‡K †h wbqvgZ ivwR `vb Ki‡eb, Zv meB wPi¯’vqx I Adziš—|
G g‡g© Avj−vn cvK KziAvb gvRx‡` e‡jb:
Òhviv Cgvb`vi I mrKg©kxj Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Adziš— I Amxg cyi¯‹vi|Ó
†e‡nk‡Zi eY©bv cÖms‡M gnvb Avj−vn Av‡iv e‡jb : Ògy³vKx‡`i cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e †h Rvbœv‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, Zvi Dcgv †m D`¨v‡bi b¨vq hvi Zj‡`k w`‡q †mªvZw¤^bxmg~n cÖevwnZ Ges hvi dj-djvw` wPi¯’vqx Abš—|Ó (iv` : 35)
†e‡nk‡Zi e¨vcKZv I AvqZ‡bi wekvjZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vbK‡í gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb :
Ò†Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki ¶gv Ges †m Rvbœv‡Zi w`‡K `ª“Z avegvb nI, hvi e¨wß AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex mgvb|Ó (m~iv Av‡j Bgivb : 133)
‡e‡nkZ wPi em‡š—i mgv‡iv‡n ficyi| †mLv‡b Amnbxq Zvc I ˆkZ¨ †KD KL‡bv Abyfe Ki‡ebv| wPi kxZZvc wbqwš¿Z †e‡nk‡Zi AvenvIqv eY©bv cÖms‡M Avj−vn cvK e‡jb :
Ò‡mLv‡b Zviv cÖLi †mŠiZvc wKsev cÖej ˆkZ¨ cÖevn †`L‡Z cv‡e bv|Ó (m~iv `vni : 13)
†e‡nk‡Zi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Ges Zvi SY©vaviv mg~‡ni bqbvwfivg †mŠ›`h© I Aciƒc ˆewk‡ó¨i eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb :
ÒZv‡Z (Rvbœv‡Z) i‡q‡Q wPiwbg©j cvwbi †mªvZaviv, wPi my¯^v`y `y‡ai cÖevn, Aciƒc ¯^v`hy³ kvivevb Zvûivi aviv Ges wegj gayi †mªvZw¤^bxmg~n|Ó (m~iv gyn¤§` : 15)
†e‡nk‡Zi cvbx‡qi ¯^v` I ˆewkó¨ m¤^‡Ü Avj−vn cvK e‡jb :
Ôc~Y¨evb †jv‡Kiv Ag„Z m~av cvb Ki‡e Zv Kc~©‡ii myM‡Ü ficyi| Avi Zviv †h cvbxq cvb Ki‡e Zv Avevi myMÜ wgwkªZ n‡e|Ó (m~iv `vni : 15-17)
mvi-ms‡¶c
†e‡nk‡Zi Abš— myL-myweav, †fvM-wejvm Ges Avivg-Av‡q‡ki K_v gvbexq eyw×i AMg¨ weavq Avj−vn cvK KziAvb I nv`x‡m Zvi wewfbœ †evaMg¨ Dcgvi Øviv eySv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †e‡nk‡Zi Adziš— myL-wejvm I wbqvgZ ivwk Ges Avivg-Av‡q‡ki cÖK…wZ ¯^iƒc cw_©e myL-wejvm n‡Z †h KZ †ekx I DbœZZg, Zv AKíbxq|
Avj−vn Avgv‡`i‡K mrKg©kxj‡`i Aš—f©y³ K‡i †m Rvbœv‡Zi wbqvgZ ivwk Dc‡fvM Kivi ZvIdxK w`b| Avgxb|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 11.2 K. ˆbe©¨w³K DËi-cÖkœ : GK K_vq DËi w`b-
1. †e‡nkZ †Kvb fvlvq kã? Gi Aviex I evsjv cÖwZkã Kx?
2. Kviv †e‡nk‡Z hv‡e?
3. †e‡nk‡Zi msL¨v ev ¯—i KqwU?
4. cÖ_g ¯—‡ii †e‡nk‡Zi bvg Kx?
5. Aóg ¯—‡ii †e‡nk‡Zi bvg ejyb?
6. †e‡nk‡Zi cwi‡ek †Kgb n‡e?
7. †e‡nk‡Z Kx cwigvY myL-kvwš— i‡q‡Q?
L. msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. †e‡nkZ Kx? eY©bv w`b|
2. †e‡nk‡Zi ¯—i KqwU I Kx Kx?
3. Kviv †e‡nk‡Zi Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb?
4. †e‡nk‡Zi cwi‡ek eY©bv Ki“b|
5. †e‡nk‡Zi myL I kvwš—i eY©bv w`b|
cvV 3 †`vhL
D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
†`vh‡Li cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
†`vh‡Li msL¨v ev ¯—i ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†`vh‡Li kvw¯—i KviY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1 †`vhL Kx?
Ô†`vhL' dvimx fvlvi kã, Gi Aviex cÖwZkã n‡”Q Ôbvi' ev ÔRvnvbœvg'| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv- biK, kvw¯—i RvqMv, `ytLgq ¯’vb| ÔRvnvbœvg' I Ôbvi' Dfq k‡ãi Av¶wiK A_© Av¸b Z_v biKvwMœ|
cÖPwjZ A_© n‡”QÑ Ò†kl wePvi w`e‡m hviv cvcx, Acivax, bvdigvb e‡j mve¨¯— n‡e Ges hv‡`i ¸bv‡ni cvj−v fvix n‡e Zv‡`i‡K kvw¯— †`qvi Rb¨ wPi`ytLgq kvw¯—i RvqMvq wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e, Zv‡KB Rvnvbœvg ev †`vhL ev biK ejv nq|Ó G Rvnvbœvgx ev bviKx‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Kvwdi I gykwiK n‡e Zviv Abš— Kv‡ji Rb¨B Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡e| Z‡e hv‡`i ü`‡q AYy cwigvY Cgvb i‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e Zviv cvcvbyhvqx kvw¯— †fvM Kivi ci †`vhL n‡Z gyw³ †c‡q †e‡nk‡Z hvevi AbygwZ cv‡e|
BnKvjB gvbe Rxe‡bi †kl bq eis g„Zz¨i ciI i‡q‡Q gvby‡li Rb¨ GK Abš— Rxeb, †hLv‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi cvw_©e Rxe‡bi evj I g›` Kv‡Ri cy´Lvbycy´L wn‡me w`‡Z n‡e Ges mwVK wePv‡ii ci RvbœvZ ev Rvnvbœvgiƒ‡c Gi h_vh_ djvdj †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv cvw_©e Rxe‡b Avj−vn cÖ`Ë I ivm~j (mv) cÖ`wk©Z Rxeb weavb †g‡b †bqwb ev Z`vbyhvqx Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡iwb eis Ab¨vq-AbvPvi I cvcvPv‡i wjß †_‡K‡Q, ciKvwjb Rxe‡b Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q cvcvbyhvhx K‡Vvi kvw¯—i e¨e¯’v Z_v †`vhL|
3.2 †`vh‡Li mvZwU ¯—i i‡q‡Q| h_v-
1| Rvnvbœvg, 2| nvexqvn, 3| Rvnxg, 4| mvKvi, 5| mvqxi, 6| ûZvgvn 7| jvhv|
3.3 †`vhL KwVb kvw¯—i ¯’vb
hviv cvw_©e Rxe‡b cvcvPv‡i wjß n‡e ZvivB Rvnvbœv‡gi KwVb kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡e| cvcx †jvK‡`i Abš— Rxe‡bi K‡Vvi kvw¯—i K_v D‡j−L K‡i gnvb Avj−vn e‡jbÑ
ÒwbðqB cvcx †jv‡Kiv Abš—Kvj a‡i †`vh‡Li kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡Z _vK‡e|Ó (m~iv hyLiƒd : 44)
†`vhLevmx‡`i kvw¯—i K‡VviZv m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avj−vn e‡jbÑ ÒZv‡`i kvw¯— jvNe Kiv n‡e bv Ges Zviv †Kvb cÖKvi mvnvh¨ cv‡e bv|Ó (m~iv evKvivn : 86)
3.4 †`vh‡Li kvw¯—i fxlYZv
†`vh‡Li Af¨š—‡i mËi nvRvi AwMœ-kvw¯— DcZ¨Kv Av‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K DcZ¨Kvq mËi nvRvi welai mc© I mËi nvRvi welai we”Qz i‡q‡Q| Giv †`vhLevmx‡`i‡K AbeiZ `skb Ki‡Z _vK‡e| †`vh‡Li MfxiZv GgbB AZjvwš—K †h, gyL n‡Z hw` GK LÊ cv_i wb‡¶c Kiv nq Ges mËi eQi a‡i hw` H cv_i bx‡Pi w`‡K co‡Z _‡K ZeyI Zv Rvnvbœv‡gi Zj‡`‡k †cuŠQ‡ebv| Ggb fxlY Avhv‡ei MnŸi †`vhL|
3.5 †`vhLevmx‡`i Lv`¨-cvbxq I cwi‡aq
†`vh‡L Rvnvbœvgx‡`i AwMœi Lv`¨, AwMœi cvbxq, AwMœi cwi‡aq, AwMœi weQvbv †`qv n‡e| AwMœ‡Z `» n‡Z n‡Z hLb Z…òvq KvZi n‡q co‡e Ges cvwb cvwb e‡j wPrKvi Ki‡e ZLb Zv‡`i‡K `yM©Ügq dzUš— c~uR, cuPv i³ BZ¨vw`
cuywZ-MÜgq cvbxq †`qv n‡e| Ggb `yM©Ügq cvwb Zv‡`i‡K †`qv n‡e, hvi GK we›`y c„w_ex‡Z cwZZ n‡j mgMÖ c„w_ex cyuwZ-MÜgq n‡q emev‡mi A‡hvM¨ n‡q †hZ| gnvb Avj−vn G g‡g© e‡jbÑ Ò†m_vq Zviv dzUš— cvwb I cuyR e¨ZxZ eid wKsev †Kvb cvbxq Av¯^v`b Ki‡ebv|Ó wZwb Av‡iv e‡jbÑ †Zvgiv Aek¨B Avnvi Ki‡e Ôhv°zg' (K›UKgq) e„¶ n‡Z Ges Zv Øviv †Zvgiv D`i c~Y ©Ki‡e| Avi AZz¨ò cvwb Z…òvZ© D‡Ui b¨vq cvb Ki‡e|
3.6 †`vh‡Li Av¸‡bi †ZRw®ŒqZv
†`vh‡Li Av¸‡bi †ZRw®ŒqZv GZ fqven I fqsKi †h, cvcvm³ e¨w³iv Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b R¡j‡Z R¡j‡Z Zv‡`i
†`‡ni gvsm Aw¯’ n‡Z L‡m co‡e| AZtci bZzb gvsm I Pvgov m„wó n‡e Ges cybivq Zv‡`i Ici Hiƒc kvw¯—
wbcwZZ _vK‡e| Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b c„w_exi Av¸‡bi †P‡q fxlY †ZRw®Œq n‡e| gnvbex (mv) †`vh‡Li Av¸‡bi fxlY
†ZRw®ŒqZvi K_v cÖm‡½ e‡jb : Ò†Zvgv‡`i G c„w_exi Av¸b †`vh‡Li Av¸‡bi GKvËi fv‡Mi GK fv‡Mi mgvb|Ó 3.7 †`vh‡Li kvw¯— Abš—Kvjxb :
cvcx †jv‡Kiv we‡kl K‡i Kvwdi-gykwiKiv Rvnvbœv‡g Abš—Kvjxb KwVb kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡Z _vK‡e| Zviv †`vh‡Li Abš—Kvjxb kvw¯— n‡Z KLbI cwiÎvY cv‡e bv| G g‡g© gnvb cÖfz †NvlYv K‡ibÑ Ò†`vhLevmxiv †mLv‡b (†`vh‡L) gi‡e bv Ges RxweZI _vK‡e bv|Ó
Z‡e hv‡`i ü`‡q we›`y cwigvY Cgvb _vK‡e, Zviv wbR¯^ cv‡ci kvw¯— †fvM Kivi ci †e‡nk‡Z hvevi AbygwZ cv‡e|
mvi-ms‡¶c
†`vhL AZxe fqvbK wefxwlKvgq kvw¯—i I `ytLgq Ges hš¿Yv`vqK ¯’vb| Gi bvg ïb‡jB kixi wkD‡i I‡V| GUv GKwU fxlY R¡jš— AwMœKzÛ| Avj−vni bvdigvb, †eCgvb, gybvwdK, Kvwdi, gykwiK, cvcvPvix, Z_v `y®‹…wZKvix‡`i kvw¯—i ¯’vb n‡jv G Rvnvbœvg| †mLv‡b G‡`i Rb¨ _vK‡e kvw¯—i nvRv‡iv iKgvwi e¨e¯’v| cÖ‡Z¨KwU kvw¯—B n‡e fxlY
†_‡K fxlYZi| wewfbœ cv‡ci Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖK…wZi kvw¯—i †h e¨e¯’v n‡e gnvbex (mv) wg'iv‡Ri iv‡Z Rvnvbœvgx‡`i cwi`k©‡b †M‡j wReªvBj (Av) †m¸‡jv Zuv‡K †`wL‡q‡Qb|
Avgv‡`i‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯—i fqvenZvi K_v m`v ¯§iY †i‡L `ywbqvi Rxe‡b Avj−vn cÖ`Ë I ivm~j (mv) cÖ`wk©Z c‡_ Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯— n‡Z bvRvZ cvevi Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 11.3 K. ˆbe©¨w³K DËi-cÖkœ : fzj _vK‡j mwVK Z_¨wU wjLyb-
1. †`vhL dviwm kã Gi Aviwe n‡”Q- Ôbvi' I Rvnvbœvg Avi Gi evsjv cÖwZkã n‡”Q biK|
2. hv‡`i cy‡Y¨i cvj−v fvix n‡e Zviv †`vh‡L hv‡e|
3. bviKx‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Kvwdi I gykwiK n‡e, Zviv wKQyw`b kvw¯— †fvM K‡i cybivq Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cv‡e|
4. hv‡`i ü`‡q AYy cwigvY Cgvb i‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e, Zviv cvcvbyhvqx kvw¯— †fv‡Mi ci †e‡nk‡Z hvevi AbygwZ cv‡e|
L. msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. †`vh‡Li cwiPq w`b|
2. †`vh‡Li ¯—img~n Kx Kx wjLyb|
3. †`vh‡Li kvw¯—i eY©bv w`b|
4. †`vhLevmx‡`i Lv`¨ I cvbx‡qi eY©bv w`b|
P~ovš— g~j¨vqb-11
wek` DËi-cÖkœ
1. AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi cwiPq w`b| AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi KqwU cvV Ges AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© wek¦vmmg~n wjLyb|
2. †e‡nkZ Kx? †e‡nk‡Zi ¯—i KqwU I Kx Kx? †e‡nk‡Zi myL-kvwš—i weeiY w`b|
3. †`vhL ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? †`vh‡Li ¯—i KqwU I Kx Kx? †`vh‡Li kvw¯—i weeiY w`b|
