ms臀 : Pvc , Pv‡ci ZxeªZv , c猊vnx w #8217

MYMENSINGH POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE CIVIL TECHNOLOGY

5

^th

Semester Student

Subject: Surveying-III

Subject Code: 66452

Per Week: Theory– 2 Practical – 3 Credit-3

• cÖevnxi ag ©(Properties of Fluid)

• msÁv : cÖevnx NbZ¡, Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡

Av‡cw¶K IRb

,ms‡KvPbkxjZv c„ôUvb,ˆKwkKZv

,mv›`ªZv , GW‡nmvb

†Kv‡nmvb we`¨v

cÖevnx (Fluid) : †h mKj c`v_© (Zij I

evqexq) GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K cÖevnx (Fluid) e‡j|

†hgbÑ cvwb, †Zj, cvi`, M¨vm, ev®ú BZ¨vw`|

cÖevnx cÖavbZ Ae¯’v ‡f‡` wZb cÖKvi|

h_vÑ (i) Zij (ii) M¨vm (iii) ev®ú|

cÖevnxi ej weÁvb (Fluid Mechanics) : BwÄwbqvwis weÁv‡bi †h kvLv cÖevnxi w¯’wZ I MwZ Ae¯’vq wewfbœ ag© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv cÖevnxi ej weÁvb (Fluid Mechanics) bv‡g cwiwPZ|

cÖevnxi ag ©(Properties of Fluid)

1.NbZ¡

2.Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡

3.Av‡cw¶K IRb

4.ms‡KvPbkxjZv 5.c„ôUvb

6.ˆKwkKZv 7.mv›`ªZv

8.GW‡nmvb

9.†Kv‡nmvb

1.NbZ¡:

Av`k© Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq GKK AvqZ‡bi fi‡K NbZ¡ e‡j|

4ºC ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi NbZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk Ges Gi gvb 1gm/cm³ ev 0.001 kg/cm3, ev 1000 kg/m3 | G‡K  (rho) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

cvwbi Rb¨  = 1gm/cm3. ( C. G. S)

=0.001 kg/cm3 (C. G. S)

=1000 kg/m3 (M. K. S)

2.Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ

†Kvb e¯‘i IRb Ges 4ºC ZvcgvÎvq Zvi

mgAvqZb weï× cvwbi IR‡bi AbycvZ‡K H e¯‘i Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡ ejv nq|

G‡K S Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡ Zi‡ji IRb ev NbZ¦

mgAvqZ‡bi cvwbi IRb ev NbZ¦

Note :

* cvwbi Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡ = 1

* cvi‡`i Av‡cw¶K ¸iyZ¡ = 13.6

3.Av‡cw¶K IRb ev Av‡cw¶K NbZ

w= 1gm /cm³ (C.G.S)

= 1000 kg/m³ (M.K.S)

= 9.81 KN/m³

= 9.81  10^-3 KN /cm³

Note Zi‡ji †¶‡Î 1 kg = 1 liter.

1 m³ = 1000 liter

= 1000 kg 1 liter = 10^-3 m³

Av`k© Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq GKK AvqZ‡bi IRb‡K Av‡cw¶K IRb e‡j|

G‡K Av‡cw¶K NbZ¡ ejv nq| G‡K w Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

4.ms‡KvPbkxjZv

(Compressibility) :

^Pvc e„wØi Kvi‡Y Zi‡ji AvqZb cwiewZ©Z n‡j Zv‡K H

Zi‡ji ms‡KvPbkxjZv e‡j|

c„ôUvb (Surface Tension) :

^wfbœ

Nb‡Z¡i `ywU Zij c`v_© A_ev GKwU Zij c`v_© I GKwU evqexq c`v_© ci¯úi

ci¯ú‡ii ms¯ú‡k© _vK‡j ¯úk© ZjwU GKwU eµ †iLv m„wó K‡i, hv

†gwbmKvm (^Meniscus) bv‡g cwiwPZ|

AvYweK AvKl©‡Yi d‡jB D³ eµ‡iLv ev Z‡ji m„wó nq| ZjwU GKwU BjvmwUK

w¯‹‡bi (elastic skin) gZ KvR K‡i Ges Gi Dfq w`‡K Uvb _v‡K| G Uvb ev †UbkbB

c„ôUvb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

5.ˆKwkKZv (Capillarity) :

†QvU dia Gi †Kvb wUDe‡K cvwb‡Z Lvovfv‡e

Wyev‡j wUD‡ei †fZ‡i cvwb LvwbKUv

†ek Dc‡i I‡V Ges AeZj AvKvi aviY K‡i|

Cohesion (AvmÄb)-Gi PvB‡Z ^Adhesion

(mshyw³) †ewk nIqvq Giƒc nq| (wPÎ-K)

Avevi GKB wUDe cvi‡`i †fZi Wyev‡j DËj AvKvi aviY K‡i Ges Zj wKQyUv wb‡P P‡j hvq| G †¶‡Î ^Cohesion-Gi †P‡q ^Adhesion Kg nIqvq Giƒc N‡U| (wPÎ-L)

†QvU e¨v‡mi wUD‡e cvwbi G Dc‡i IVvi NUbv‡K cvwbi ˆKwkKZv (Capilarity) e‡j|

ˆKwkKZvi mvnv‡h Zi‡ji c„ôUvb wbY©q Kiv hvq |

wPÎÑ : K (cvwb) wPÎÑ : L (cvi`)

6.mv›`ªZv (Viscosity)

^: Zij c`v‡_©i

AYymg~‡ni g‡a cvi¯úwiK AvKl©Y _vKvi Kvi‡Y-Gi wkqvi cxob (Shear Stress)

cÖwZ‡iva Kivi ¶gZv _v‡K| Zi‡ji `ywU Z‡j Abyf~Z wkqvi cxob cÖwZ‡iv‡ai

¶gZv‡K Gi mv›`ªZv e‡j| mv›`ªZv †Kvb cÖevnxi nvi wbqš¿Y K‡i|

7.GW‡nmvb (Adhesion) :

`yBwU wfbœ c`v‡_©i AYyi cvi¯úwiK

AvKl©Y‡K GW‡nmvb e‡j|

8.†Kv‡nmvb (Cohesion) :

GKB c`v‡_©i AYyi cvi¯úwiK AvKl©Y‡K

†Kv‡nmvb e‡j|

cÖevnx Kv‡K e‡j ?

cÖevnxi ag©

Mywj wK

wK ? c„ôUvb I ˆKwkKZv Kv‡K e‡j ?

GW‡nmvb,†Kv‡nm vb Kv‡K e‡j ?

OPEN DISCUSSION BETWEEN STUDENTS

cÖevnxi ag© ¸wj msÁv mn wjL |

ASSIGNMENT FOR NEXT DAY

cÖevnx Kv‡K e‡j ? cÖevnx KZ cÖKvi I wK wK wjL ?

Many Thanks

1.4nvBWªwj· Gi cÖv‡qvwMK †¶Î

mgm¨vewj

nvBWªwj· Gi cÖv‡qvwMK †¶Îmg~n

• kn‡i cvwb mieivn e¨e¯’v cqtcÖYvwj wb®‹vkb|

• K…wl †¶‡Î †mP e¨e¯’v|

• eb¨v wbqš¿Y|

• euva wbg©vY |

• wewfbœ wkí KviLvbvi

cvwb mieivn BZ¨vw` |

cÖ‡KŠkj †¶‡Î nvBWªwj·

e¨envwiK cÖ‡qvM

• cvwb we`y¨r Drcv`b |

• nvBWªwj· †cÖm |

• wjdU R¨vK |

• †µb |

• i¨vg BZ¨vw` |

D`vniY-1| GKwU c`v‡_©i fi 4 gm Ges H ¯’v‡b ga¨vKl©YRwbZ

Z¡iY 981 cm/sce2 I n‡j Gi IRb †ei

Ki|

cÖevnx Kv‡K e‡j ?

cÖevnxi ag©

Mywj wK

wK ? c„ôUvb I ˆKwkKZv Kv‡K e‡j ?

GW‡nmvb,†Kv‡nm vb Kv‡K e‡j ?

OPEN DISCUSSION BETWEEN STUDENTS

cÖevnxi ag© ¸wj msÁv mn wjL |

ASSIGNMENT FOR NEXT DAY

cÖevnx Kv‡K e‡j ? cÖevnx KZ cÖKvi I wK wK wjL ?

Many Thanks

• cÖevnxi Pvc (Pressure of Fluid)

• msÁv : Pvc , Pv‡ci ZxeªZv , cÖevnx w¯’i Ae¯’vq Pv‡ci

ZxeªZv, c¨vm‡Kj Gi m~Î,

†cÖmvi †nW/÷¨vwUK †nW , Zi‡ji gy³Zj, evqygÊjxq Pvc,

†MR Pvc, f¨vKzqvg Pvc Ges cig Pvc, Pv‡ci ZxeªZv I

†gvU Pvc wbY©q,

nvB‡WªvwjK i¨vg Ges c

vÄvi, nvB‡WªvwjK †cÖ‡mi

Kvh©bxwZ

Pvc (Pressure):

†Kvb Z‡ji Dci Zij,

M¨vm ,ev‡®úi cÖhy³ ej‡K Pvc e‡j| †Kvb cv‡Î cvwb ev Zij c`v_© ivL‡j H Zij cv‡Îi

Zj‡`‡k I Ab¨ mKj cv‡k¦©i mKj we›`y‡Z †h ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zv‡K Pvc e‡j|

g‡b Kwi, †gvU Pvc = P (kg), Z‡ji †gvU †¶Îdj = A( cm²⁾

GKK †¶‡Îi Dci Pvc = p, kg/cm²

Pv‡ci ZxeªZv (Intensity of Pressure) :

GKK †¶‡Îi Dci †h Pvc KvR K‡i Zv‡K Pv‡ci ZxeªZv e‡j| Pv‡ci ZxeªZv‡K p Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

Pv‡ci ZxeªZv, p =

 †gvU Pvc P = Pv‡ci ZxeªZv  †¶Îdj|

Pv‡ci ZxeªZvi ag© :

Pv‡ci ZxeªZvi ag©mg~n wbb¥iƒc :

(1) Zi‡ji mKj we›`y‡Z Pv‡ci ZxeªZv mgvb|

(2) Pv‡ci ZxeªZv Zi‡ji D”PZv ev MfxiZvi mgvbycvwZK|

(3) †h‡Kvb Zij c`v‡_©i DcwiZ‡j Pv‡ci ZxeªZv k~b¨ Ges Zj‡`‡k me©vwaK|

(4) Zij c`v‡_©i GKB Abyf~wgK mij‡iLvq mKj we›`y‡Z Pv‡ci

ZxeªZv mgvb|