This is to certify that this thesis titled “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OVERHEAD ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE” is being done by the following students under my direct supervision. End condenser Method Nominal T Method Nominal π Method Long transmission line Voltage regulation Transmission efficiency Effect of power factor.
List of Abbreviations
List of Symbol
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
Introduction
- General Information
- Electrical Power System
- Objective
- Mechanism and Construction
Another generator, grounded by a reactor, is connected to a bus and through an electrical unit to the alternative finish of the conductor. This segment of the tower plays an essential role in maintaining the necessary ground clearance of very cheap conductor of the conductor.
Transmission System
- Introduction
- Objective
- Construction
- Protection
Protection of the transmission and distribution system deal 2 activities, protection of facilities and protection of the joint patent. Native backup protection can remove the detected things from the plant to remove the error.
Chapter3
Introduction
Classification
- Short Transmission Line
- Medium Transmission Line
- End Condenser Method
- Long Transmission Line
In medium cable projections, path capacity results are forgotten to hold because such lines have smaller spans and transmit power at relatively low voltages ( However, to make the predictions easy, the path capacitance is occupied to stay concentrated or focused within the style of capacitors being shifted across the path at one or additional points. In this technique, the total line capacitance is taken to stay focused on the center goal of the path and 0.5 the path resistance and electrical phenomenon on some facet of it are aggregated as displayed in Fig. maybe stay mindful to stay in a bump at each end of the road. D a f o d i l I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y For short and medium unfolded lines, accurate models were obtained assuming that the path parameters remain lumped. During this section, the expressions for the voltage and current for each purpose in the unit road area are derived. Voltage Regulation Considering the above equations, it is clear that the voltage regulation can be a free fall from the line and trigger the load power problem. So, for example, if a thousand watts of power is fed to a feeder and 900 watts are received at the other end, the transmission power is ninetieths. As we will see in the figure, it exhibits 2 supply wire, where the upper x, y is the causal aspect, while the upper u, v is the receiving aspect. Let's assume that the resistance of each supply wire remains one ohm for simplicity. This clearly means that the voltage earned at the opposite finish will not remain 220, but only 210 volts. This in dice implies that Vi should remain as high as possible, hence the necessity to boost voltage while steering. Voltage fluctuations: Voltage fluctuations are changes or fluctuations within the stable voltage on top of or remaining low on the selected input variation for a particular device. The power issue comes into play when considering a college degree in AC circuits as the power consumed causes this problem. D a f f o d i l I n t e r n a t i o n a l University problem, the KVA value of the instrumentation must remain much designed, which makes the instrumentation larger and more expensive. To transmit or distribute a certain amount of current at constant voltage, the conductor may have to carry a lot of current when discharging. e) Massive copper damage. The problem with the large current at low power consumption causes a lot of I^2 damage in all that the weather to survey method has. The large current at low insulation material effect causes greater free fall in generators, transformers, transmission lines and distributors. This ends up in the reduced voltage offered at the supply termination and therefore degrades the performance of utility devices. g). The problem with the current of the insulating material reduces the all-weather handling capability of the method. Without change, we can calculate % voltage regulation and transfer efficiency for 0.8 lagging power factor, respectively. Without modification, we can calculate % voltage regulation and transfer efficiency for a power factor of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. Figure 3.14 Voltage regulation versus power factor curve Table-3.4 Comparison between short, medium and long transmission lines. IMPORTANT EFFECTS OF This voltage or intensity is maximum at the surface of the conductor and therefore decreases in inverse proportion to the gap from the center of the conductor. For bundled conductor lines effective radius is high and hence Corona loss is a smaller quantity. Rioting vitality voltage is weakened thanks to dirt and grime and corona loss is therefore additional. The electrical intensity at the surface of the middle conductor is at the top of the outer conductors. The transmission lines are designed in such a way that the Corona loss is quite small honestly whether or not the arrangement as a result of the corona loss reduces the power of the lines. The phenomena that arise due to the uneven distribution of the current across the cross section of the conductor becoming practical for the transmission of energy over long distances are referred to due to the electrical phenomenon in the line. The distribution of current on the complete cross-section of the conductor is uniform, just in the case of a DC system. This leads to a greater inductive electrical phenomenon being induced in the core compared to the outer sections of the conductor. Introduction Effect of Load Fluctuation Causes of Load Fluctuation The issue facing the energy sector is a way to verify the maximum suitability of the technique for an analysis of the influence system. Powerstream analysis requires a high degree of accuracy and faster response time to figure out which technique is best to use. Hand predictions are suitable for estimating the activity characteristics of a number of individual circuits, but correct predictions of load currents or short circuit analysis would be impractical if laptop programs were not used. The event of those ways is especially diode by the essential question of load current calculation such as convergence properties, computing power, memory demand, convenience and flexibility of the implementation. Includes the regulation of speedy and enormous sized digital computers, every kind of power grid studies as well as load current will currently be handily administered. The numerical technique offers Associate in Nursing acquisition to look for answers includes the use of laptops, so it should be verified that some of the numerical technique is faster and more reliable to obtain the best result for load current analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to review the general types of the different analysis methods; Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson and fast decoupled load current. The access to the bottom line that loads vulnerable and alternative mounted access to ground is included in the diagonal part of the matrix. This can be another unchanged load current methodology widely sensible for resolution nonlinear comparison. D a f f o d i l I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y In the higher than equation, the part of the slack bus variable voltage splendor and angle square measure omitted as a result of they are already brilliant. The part of the Jacobian matrix square measure obtained when partial derivatives of Equations (15) and (16) square measure was revealed, providing linear relevance among small changes in stress magnification and stress angle. The fast Decoupled Power Stream methodology is one of the improved strategies based on a simplification of the Newton-Raphson method and according to Stott and additionally in 1974. This methodology, just like the Newton-Raphson methodology, offers computational simplifications, fast convergence and reliable results and has become a widely useful methodology in load current analysis. This methodology may be a modification of Newton-Raphson, which takes advantage of the weak coupling between and due to the high X:R ratios. The symmetrical error is rare in practice as the majority of errors are asymmetrical in nature. However, in this section, symmetric fault predictions are discussed to enable the reader to understand the problems that short circuit situations pose to the power system. The symmetrical fault is the most serious and imposes a heavier load on the circuit breaker. D a f o d i l I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y Most of the errors in the square measure object method are unsymmetrical in nature; the most common type is a short circuit from a line to ground. A large voltage and current can affect the insulation and reduce the life of the instrument. Faults will cause the system to become unstable and further the instrumentation of the three-phase system is not properly managed. Therefore, it is necessary that the error section be linked at the occurrence of the error. Introduction Now Pm, Pe and Pa are respectively the mechanical, electrical and accelerating power in MW. In steady state, the angular speed of the machine is sufficient for the synchronous speed, and therefore we will replace r inside the above equation with s. Note that in (8.8) Pm, the letter of the alphabet and Pa square measure given in MW. If we divide them by the initial MVA value of the generator, we will get these quantities per unit. Once the fault is corrected, the machine continues to run rapidly before reaching its peak at c, and then we tend to have d/dt again. 8.2, the acceleration surface is given by A1, while the deceleration surface is given by A2. Now consider the case that once the road is closed again at c, the range of acceleration is greater than the range of velocity, i.e. A1>A2. On the other hand, if the A1 space is larger than the fast space, the machine may slow down completely before going fast again. The inertia of the rotor can make the following acceleration and speed ranges smaller than the primary one, and also the machine conceptually reaches the steady state. If the two area units are equal, i.e. A1 = A2, then the fast space is capable of slowing down the space and this often defines the boundary of the solidity limit. The clearance angle c for this mode is called the essential clearance angle and is denoted by cr. The critical clearance angle depends on the equality of the surfaces, which is called the equal surface criterion. Conclusion
Transmission Efficiency
Effect of Power Factor
On Voltage Regulation and Transmission Efficiency
UPONHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE
Effect of Load Fluctuation
Load Flow Analysis
Introduction
Load Flow Analysis Method
Fault Analysis
Stability Analysis
Swing Equation
Equal Area Criterion
CONCLUSION
