Afifa Jahan Lecturer
Department of ICT
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka Class: XI & XII
Time:40 minutes
Date:26.04.2020
Chapter:5
Programming Language
Learning
At the end of this lesson students…….
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Will be able to learn about the concept of program
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Will be able to learn about the Programming language
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Will be able to learn about the Different types of programming language
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Will be able to learn about the different generations of
Programming language
Program: A program is a number of instructions or instruction sets for solving problem.
Programming language : A programming language is generally made of word, ,letter, number, and the rule of arrangements that are used in the computer system for creating a
programs. Like: C, C++, C#, PASCAL
Programmer: Someone who does programming is known as a programmer.
Name of First programmer:
Ada Lovelace, the daughter of the famous English writer Lord Byron's , first wrote a program . Her written
program was considered the
first program and she was
called the first programmer.
Different Generations of programming language:
First Generation Language(Machine Language):
Machine language is the computer’s own language. In this 0 and 1 are used.
The program written in machine language is called object program.
Advantages:
It is possible to connect directly to the computer’s internal circuit or memory address.
By using this , you can correct the faulty circuitry of computer
Program can be executed using small amount of memory.
Disadvantages:
It is hard to write.
It is essential to have an idea about computer organization for writing programs.
Written program for a computer can not be used on other computer.
Second Generation Language(Assembly Language):
The instruction and data address is given with a symbol and not a binary or hexadecimal number. This symbol is called symbolic and
mnemonic code. For example: Addition is written in ADD. Then LDA, STA , CLR
Example:
CLR ->Empty the accumulator
INP:A -> Put A in main memory from input A INP:B -> Put B in main memory from input B LDA:A -> Put A in accumulator
ADD:B -> Add B with accumulator number
STA:C -> Put accumulator number in C position OUT:C
STP
Advantages:
Easier than machine language.
Its takes less time to write
It is easy to change the program.
Disadvantages:
Need translator program.
Programmer needs to know about machine to write the program.
Different machines use different assembly language.
Third Generation Language(High Level Language):
It is similar to human language. It is easy to understand for people but computer cannot understand directly. Example: C#, JAVA, Fortran, COBOL.
Uses:
For making big programs.
For complex mathematical calculation software
To create Application software Advantages:
Easy to write program and take less time.
Less possibility of error and finding error and correct it easy.
Not machine dependent.
Disadvantages:
It cannot communicate with computer directly.
Programs need to be translated for the computer.
Need a huge memory.
Forth Generation Language:
This is non procedural language as in this language only needs to know what results are required. There is no need to explain how to solve the work, it does require more
processing. Example: SQL, Oracle, Visual basic.
Features of 4GL:
It is an open source language.
It uses database to save, search, delete, modify and update entries.
Require intelligent compiler.
Less amount of time, cost and labor is needed in
It is very easy to work in this language.
Problem of 4GL:
Much more memory is required.
The size of the program becomes long
It largely depends on the capacity of hardware.
To much disk space is needed.
Fifth Generation Language(Natural Language):
It is trying to mimic natural human language, with many experiments going on.5
thgeneration languages are designed to make the
computer solve a given problem without the programmer. Example:
Prolog, OPSS, Mercury.
Home work:
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What is program and programming language?
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Write down some different between Machine language and Assembly language.
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In which purposes we can use High Level Language.
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