Surgery & Allied Subjects
Departmental Objectives
The aim of this course is to provide community oriented & need based education so as to produce basic doctors who will be able to:
elicit a complete clinical history & physical findings and formulate diagnosis of common surgical problems prevalent in Bangladesh.
carry out necessary investigations & interpret the results
perform minor surgical procedures and treat minor surgical problems
recognize the major surgical problems needing specialized care, initiate the primary treatment and refer to the appropriate centers
diagnose and provide competent primary care in surgical emergencies.
carry out the responsibility of management in common casualties or natural calamities to offer and arrange basic life support.
take necessary preventive & prophylactic measures in surgical patients.
be involved in continued care & rehabilitation of surgical patients.
deliver health education in the community with emphasis on the preventive aspects of surgical disorders.
demonstrate the right attitude in
Patient Care
Community health care
Continuing medical education & research
Observing the moral & legal codes of medical ethics
List of Competencies to acquire abilities to :
1. Clinical –
a. build rapport with patients, colleagues and supporting staffs of the hospital b. take detail relevant history
c. conduct thorough clinical Examination d. decide on a provisional working diagnosis
e. perform and/or order relevant investigations considering the cost effectiveness f. interpret common laboratory and imaging investigations
g. calculate fluid and electrolyte requirements
h. evaluate and make initial management of acute trauma patient
i. adopt aseptic techniques and procedures and maintain principles of sterilization 2. Communication-
a. obtain permission before any examination and clinical procedures b. obtain informed consent for surgical procedures including organ ablation.
c. appreciate right to privacy and information about the disease and its consequence 3. Managerial-
a. provide leadership during team work
4. Manipulative and practical skills-
a. adopt universal aseptic techniques in handling surgical patient b. start IV lines
c. insert NG tubes
d. introduce urethral catheter and perform supra-pubic cystostomy e. drain superficial abscess
f. perform per-rectal examination g. achieve control external hemorrhage h. carry out initial management of wound i. repair minor wounds
j. complete primary management of fractures and arrange transfer to appropriate centers.
k. apply splints, slings, POP casts and slabs, tractions
Distribution of teaching - learning hours Surgery & Allied Subjects
Subject
Lecture (in hours)
Integr ated teachin
g
Clinical/Bedside teaching (in week)
Block posting Formative Exam Summative Exam
2nd Phase
3rd Phase
4th Phase
Total
Tutoria l/Practi cal/Dem onstrati
on
2nd Phase
3rd Phase
4th Phase
Total Weeks
General Surgery
35 30 60 125 12+4 - 6 22
Orthopaedic s
5 10 30 45 - 4 4 8
Radiology - - 5 5 1 - - 1
Radiothera py
- - 8 8 - 1 - 1
Transfusio n medicine
- 5 - 5 1 - - 1
Anesthesia - 10 - 10 1 - - 1
Neurosurg ery
- 2 5 7 - 1 - 1
Pediatric Surgery
- 5 10 15 - - 2 2
Urology - 5 10 15 - - 2 2
Burn Plastic Surgery
3 - 2 5 - - 1 1
Emergency
& casualty
- - - - - - 1 1
Dentistry - - - - 1 - - 1
Ophthalmo logy
-
40 hrs
40
200
- 4 4 8
Otolaryngo logy
-
40 hrs
40
20
- 4 4 8
4 wks
Preparatory leave -15 days Exam time –15 days Preparatory leave -15 days Exam time –30 days
Total 300 hrs 200 20 20 wks 14 wks 24 wks 58wks 4wks
Grand total 520 hours 62 weeks 75 days
Teaching-learning methods, teaching aids and evaluation
Teaching Methods Large
group
Small group teaching
Self learning
Others
Teaching aids In course evaluation
Lectures
Tutorials, Problem Based Learning,
Clinical demonstrations OPD / indoor
Attending & observing minor operations Demonstrations of X-rays specimen, Observations in ICU, Postoperative ward, Case Presentation and discussion.
Assignment, Self study
Integrated teaching, Visit to radiotherapy &
nuclear medicine centre
Attend centers where
investigations for hearing
impairment, vertigo, Tinnitus are available.
Computer,
Chalk & board, OHP, Multimedia,
Photographs &Videos, Specimens, & Models, Plain & Contrast X-rays of Upper & lower GIT, I.V.U, Fractures Skull X-rays Sinogram &
Fistulogram Ultrasonogrph , Abdomen HBS & Pancreas Urinary tract
Scans, thyroid scans, , C.T. Scan , MRI, .
Item Examination Card final , Term Examination Term final (written, oral+
practical + clinical)
Final professional examination :
Marks distribution for assessment of surgery Total marks – 500 (Summative)
Written = 200 ( Formative Assessment-20 +MCQ-40+ SAQ -140=200)
Oral = 100
Clinical = 100
Practical = 100 Related Equipments:
General surgery
I.V sets, butterfly needle & cannula, Transfusion sets,
Feeding tubes, NG tube, Flatus tube , ‘T’ tube, Chest drain set, Endo-tracheal tube
Blood bags, Stoma bags, Fluid bags,
BP blade and handle, surgical scissors, Needle holder, Surgical suture materials,
Sponge holding forceps , towel clip Alli’s tissue forces, artery forceps, Sinus forceps, dissecting forceps, Kocher’s artery forceps, kidney tray, gully pot, intestinal clamps, Deavers’ abdominal retractor, Morris abdominal retractor
Langhanbach’s retractor, Lane’s twin gastro jejunostomy clamp, proctoscope, metalic urethral dilators, nephrolithotomy forceps, Bone nibber, Osteotome, chisel, hammer, amputation saw, Plaster of paris bandage, crape bandage.
Splints & supporting aids- Cervial collar, Cricle brace, artificial limb,
Anasthesia machine, Laryngoscope, airway tube, Umbo bag,
ENTD
Thudicum nasal speculum,
Killians self retaining nasal speculum, Lichwitz antrum puncture trocar and cannula, Higginson’s rubber syringe, Walsham’s forceps, Luc’s forceps, Tilleys forceps,
St Clair Thomson post nasal mirror, Jobson horne probe and ring curette, Tuning fork,
Head mirror,
Boyle Davis mouth gag, Luc’s tongue depressor, Draffins bipod metallic stand, Eve’s tonsillar snare,
St Clare Thomson Adenoid curette and cage, Trousseau’s tracheal dilator,
Jackson’s metallic tracheostomy tube, Direct laryngoscope
Chevalier Jackson’s oesophagoscope, Negus bronchoscope etc.
Ophthalmology Trial lens, trial frame,
Eye speculums (Wire, Universal),
DCR punch, Tonometer, Ophthalmoscope, Cat’s paw retractor, BP Blade & handle, Keratome, Squint hook
Iris repositor, lens dialer, two way cannula, chalazion clamp and scoop,
corneal forceps, irrigating vectis, sac guard, sac dissector,
lacrimal probe, punctum dialtor etc.
Learning Objectives and Course Contents in Surgery
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
Hours A. Basic and Principles of Surgery
Student should be able to:
1. state the history , evolution and scope of Surgery 2. assess and prepare patient for surgery
3. understand the patho-physiology of trauma 4. diagnose, treat and manage minor wounds
5. diagnose, treat and manage surgical infections ( boil, abscess, carbuncle & gangrene) .
6. diagnose and provide basic treatment for shock & haemorrhage.
7. recognize all external hernias & their complications & initiate primary care for complicated hernias.
8. recognize & differentiate different types of burns and initiate primary care &take measure to prevent complications.
9. recognize fluid & electrolytes imbalance states, investigate & initiate appropriate therapy.
10. recognize, & investigate different types of skin ulcerations.
11. recognize, investigate & treat superficial skin tumour & cysts 12. take appropriate measures to prevent hospital infection.
13. understand and comply with ethical principles in clinical practice
CORE Phase II
1. History , evolution and scope of surgery 2. Approach to a surgical patients
3. Surgical diagnostic process and techniques 4. Surgical Infection ( Boil , Furuncle, Abscess,
Carbuncle , cellulites )
5. Septicemia ( causes, complications and treatment ) 6. Sinus, Fistula and cysts
7. Wounds ( classification and management ) 8. Ulcers , pressure sores
9. Groin hernias 10. Haemorrhage 11. Shock
Phase III
12. Metabolic response to injury
13. Principles of Management of Trauma 14. Management of a severely injured patient 15. Fluid and electrolytes balance
16. Enteral and Parenteral nutrition
Phase IV
20 hours
10 hours
10 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours B. Systemic Surgery
1. Alimentary System Student should be able to :
1. investigate and diagnose the common surgical diseases of alimentary system and suggest management
2. diagnose the acute conditions of alimentary system and initiate primary care
3. identify the patient requiring specialty surgical intervention
& refer to appropriate centre
4. take continued care of the operated patients
5. recognise post operative complications & take appropriate measures.
CORE Phase II
Complications of Peptic ulcer ( Perforation, Pyloric stenosis ) Upper G.I. Tract bleeding Appendicitis
Intestinal obstruction;
Phase III
Abdominal trauma ( Diagnostic and Management principles ) Ruptured Spleen
Ruptured liver Ruptured intestine Phase IV
Tongue, Lip & other oral lesions ( ulcer, cancer ) Oesophagus
Carcinoma oesophagus and stricture Carcinoma stomach
Neoplasm of colon and rectum Intestinal tuberculosis
Anal canal Haemorrhoids, Fistula, Sinus & Fissure, Carcinomma anus
Colostomy & ileostomy ( indications and management ) Abdominal incisions ( Tutorial )
5 hours
5 hours
5 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 2. Genito-Urinary System
Student should be able to-
1. diagnose common congenital G.U. anomalies & advise / refer to appropriate centers
2. diagnose and manage acute GU conditions like
Acute retention of urine
Acute epidedymo- orchitis
Torsion testis
Paraphimosis
Phimosis
Acute ureteric colic
Urosepsis 3. evaluation of scrotal swelling 4. evaluate a case of haematuria
5. order necessary investigations, and interpret the result of investigation & suggest principles of management
6. recognize a case of retention of urine , find out causes perform aseptic catheterization
7. introduce suprapubic catheter
CORE
Phase III
1. Urinary symptoms & definitions
2. Urological investigations and their interpretations, 2. Devepmental genitor-urinary anomalies
3. Scrotal swelling
Hydrocele
Scrotal cullulitis 4. Acute scrotal conditions
Epidedymo- orchitis
Torsion testis Phase IV
5 Urolithiasis ( Causes ,Diagnosis , Principles and modalities of treatment )
6 Retention of urine ( acute and chronic 7 Hydronephrosis
8 UTI
9 Urinary tract t injury.
Renal injury
Urethral injury 10. Renal Neoplasm
RCC
Wilm’s Tumour
20 hours
10 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 3 Hepatobiliary & Pancreas
Student will be able to:
1. diagnose, investigate cholecystitis, cholelithiasis &
Choledocholithiasis
2. suspect pancreatitis; initiate primary case management & suggest management 3. investigate & interpret the results in case of
obstructive jaundice & suggest appropriate treatment 4. diagnose & investigate suspected case of liver &
sub-phrenic abscess & suggest appropriate treatment.
CORE Phase II
Cholelithiasis ( causes and complications ) Cholecystitis ( acute & chronic )
Pancreatitis ( acute pancreatitis ) Phase IV
Obstructive jaundice Pancreatic tumours Liver abscess ADDITIONAL Hepatic neoplasm Cysts of liver
Neoplasm of Gall Bladder
5 hours
5 hours
4 hours 4 Endocrine & Breast
Students will be able to:
1. assess, investigate & diagnose thyroid swelling &
thyrotoxicosis and suggest principles of management
2. diagnose & manage a case of breast abscess 3. assess, investigate & interpret the status and
diagnose a case of breast lump & suggest principles of treatment.
CORE Phase IV
Thyroid
Goiter and Neoplasms of thyroid Breast
Breast pain, Mastitis and Breast Abscess Fibro-adenosis and Fibroadenoma Carcinoma of breast
ADDITIONAL
4 hours
4 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 5 Chest
Students will be able to:
assess & diagnose traumatic haemopneumo-thorax, associated injuries & introduce water seal drain in appropriate case.
CORE
Phase IV
Chest injury ( Haemothorax, Pneumothorax ) ADDITIONAL
Dysphagia Empyaema thoracis
3 hours
6. Cardio-vascular System
Students will be able to:
1. recognize chronic ischaemic conditions of limbs 2. take appropriate preventive measures & refer to
specialised centre.
3. take appropriate measure to prevent DVT 4. recognize early cases of DVT
7. Plastic & Reconstructions
CORE Phase III
Vaso occlusive disorders Atherosclerosis, Buerger’s disease Varicose vein
Deep vein thrombosis ADDITIONAL
Pulmonary embolism
Angeoplasty, CABG and cardiac surgery Core
5 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 8. Neuro surgery
Students will be able to:
1. provide primary care of head injury & Spinal injury cases.
2. take measures to prevent complications in neuro surgical patients.
3. involve effectively in continued care & rehabilitation of neuro surgical cases.
CORE Phase III
Head injury Phase IV
Spinal injury
Paraplegia/hemiplagia ADDITIONAL
Hydro cephalus Tumours of brain Tumours of spinal cord
2 hours
5 hours
9. Operative Surgery
Student should be able to perform:
1. primary & delayed primary & Secondary suture closure of wounds
2. Circumcision 3. Vasectomy
4. drainage of superficial Abscess 5. Venesection
6. Hydrocele operation
7. excision of superficial cysts & tumours 8. dressing of surgical wounds
CORE Phase III
Principles of Asepsis & Antisepsis Pre-operative assessment & preparation Venesection
Cricumcision
Operation for hydrocele Repair of D.U perforation Wound care
Tutorials
Universal precautions ( Scrubbing , gloving & gowning ) O.T. environment & behavior
5 hours
5 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hours
Student should be able to :
assist in common major operations & take post operative care
Phase IV
Common Abdominal incision Operation for inguinal hernia Drainage of abscesses
Catheterisation , Supra-pubic cystostomy Anastomosis
Appendicectomy Cholecystectomy Gastrojejunostomy
Basic principles of Laparoscopy.
Additional
Thyroidectomy, Nephrectomy, Mastectomy / Prostatectomy
10 hours
10. Orthopedic Surgery Student should be able to:
apply ATLS protocol to provide resuscitation of polytrauma patient .
manage simple and undisplaced factures
demonstrate skill in wound excision of open fractures .
demonstrate skill in:
application of splints, slings , traction.
application of plaster slab and cast
manipulative reduction of common fracture and dislocation.
CORE
Phase II
a) General Orthopaedics
Introduction to orthopaedics
Hard tissue trauma :-
- Fracture classification
- Principal of management of open and closed facture - Fracture healing –nonuninon, malunion, delayed union.
Infection of bone ( Acute and chronic osteomyelitis )
Phase III
b) Regional orthopedics
5 hours
10 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours Phase IV
Regional Orthopaedics
Upper Limb
Hand injuries and Hand Infection
Lower Limb
Frac ture of Neck of femur Fracture of Pelvis
Ankle and foot injuries Amputations
Additional
Dislocation – Hip, Haemarthosis
Soft tissue trauma ( muscle and tendon injuries, compartmental syndrome ) .
Infection of joint including osteoarticular tuberculosis b) Mass Casuality-ATLS, Disaster management.
c) Regional Orthopaedics Additional
Dislocation of shoulder and elbow
d) Paediatric orthopaedics :
Congenital anomaly talipes , CDH e) Bone tumors :
Classification of bone tumor
Common benign and malignant bone tumor – osteochondroma, Giant cell tumor , Osteosarcoma, Metastatic bone tumor .
15 hrs
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 11. Anaesthesiology
Student should be able to :
be aware of the safety in Anaesthesia.
be aware of the possible complications &
management
demonstrate basic knowledge and perform Cardio- Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
describe the scope of Anaesthesia in rural environment.
Practical Skills Student should be able to perform :
pre-operative assessment
induction
intubation
I/V line
artificial ventilation
post-operative room care
CORE
a) Anaesthesia as a subject: its scope, outline- present & future b) Anaesthesia Pharmacology:
Drugs: induction, maintenance, muscle relaxants c) Intra-operative management
d) Post-operative management and complication e) General Anaesthesia (G.A)
f) Local/Regional anaesthesia g) Management of Pain (chronic) h) Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
i) Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Exposure to practical procedures ( Tutorial ) :
Pre-operative assessment
Induction
Endo tracheal Intubation
CV line
Artificial ventilation
Face mask ventilation.
Recovery room experience
10 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours 12. Radio Diagnosis & Imaging
Student should be able to :
demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of radiology and imaging
appreciate the importance of imaging as investigation &
diagnosis of clinical conditions
describe the hazards of radiation
describe the protection measures for personal patient and the community.
write proper requisition for various x-rays & imaging.
X-RAY Chest
Student should be able to :
differentiate normal anatomical images from those due to pathological states,
diagnose the common conditions like tuberculous
consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, lung abscess, collapse, bronchogenic carcinoma.
make radiological diagnosis of mediastinal masses
CORE Phase IV
Introduction of radiology & imaging including CT & MRI
Hazards of radiation and protection for personals, and patients .
Principles of ultra-sonography & its clinical application
Plain & contrast X-Rays
Interventional imaging
USG
CORE:
Normal and pathological image
Pneumonic and Tuberculous consolidation
Pleural effusion
Pneumo Thorax Additional
Lung abscess
Mediastinal mass
6 hours
2 hours
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours Gastro intestinal system
Student should be able to :
diagnose intestinal obstruction, perforation etc.
recognise indications and contra-indication for barium studies e.g. meal, swallow, follow-through & enema.
make differential diagnosis of stones & calcification on plain X-Ray.
diagnose gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, growth in the stomach, oesophageal cancer on barium studies.
interpret the finding of cholangiogram.
Core:
Plain X-ray findings of Acute abdomen.
Indications & contraindicatious for barium studies.
Hepatobiliary system Cholangiogram & ERCP
USG of HBS and Pancreas Additional: MRCP
Skeletal system
Student should be able to :
diagnose common fractures, dislocations & bone tumours bone infections with the help of X-rays
Excretory System Should be able to :
identify renal calculi in plain X-ray
understand USG & IVU findings in renal stone and other renal diseases.
CORE
Diagnosis of common fractures of upper and lower limb
skull fractures
Spinal fractures and caries spine
osteomylitis
common bone tumours
diseases of joints
dislocations CORE
X-ray KUB & IVU
USG of Kidney, Ureter , Bladder and prostate
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching Hours
13. Radiotherapy Students will be able to:
appreciate the role of radiotherapy in the management of cancer
demonstrate knowledge of radiation
identify different sources of radiation
refer the patients to radiotherapy department
recognize common radiation hazards after primary care
Students will be able to:
recognise common cytotoxic drugs.
refer appropriate cases for chemotherapy.
recognise common complication & offer primary care.
CORE
Introduction to Radiotherapy Radiation oncology, basic principles and practices :
Aims of radiation oncology
Sources of radiation , Isotopes and their mechanism of action
Curative/Palliative radiotherapy
Radiosensitivity, radioresistance, radiocurability and normal tissue tolerance.
Common radiation reactions and management.
Medical oncology, basic principles and practice :
Cell cycle and Mechanism of action of cytotoxic drugs
Clinical aspect of cancer chemotherapy
Complications of chemotherapy ( Infection and bleeding tendency )
Chemotherapy of common cancers,
Common Chemotherapeutic regimes
5 hours
Learning Objectives Contents
Teaching Hours
Students will be able to:
appreciate the role of doctors in prevention and early diagnosis of cancer & referral of cancer patients.
take leadership in the community to offer rehabilitative support
offer follow up & terminal care of cancer patients.
recognise clinical condition as which could be diagnosed by radio-isotope & interpret the results.
recognise diseases requiring isotope therapy.
Prevention of common cancer :
Primary prevention , Secondary prevention
Early diagnosis
Referral to appropriate centre Palliative support and terminal care :
Follow-up of cancer patients and terminal care Nuclear Medicine, basic Principles and practice :
Radio-isotope in diagnosis
Radio-isotope in therapy
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
Learning Objectives Contents
Teaching Hours
14.
Paediatric SurgeryStudents will be able to:
identity common paediatric surgical problems including emergencies.
initiate primary care
refer the cases to appropriate hospital
CORE Phase III
Examination of a child and neonate ( Special considerations )
Infantile Inguino scrotal swellings
Acute abdomen in infants & children
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Phase IV
Neonatal/Infantile intestinal obstruction
Intussusception
Anorectal malformations.
Maldescended Testis
Torsion Testis
Haemangioma and other Cutaneous lesions
Child-hood tumours.
Rectal bleeding and prolapsed rectum Tutorials
Cystic hygroma, Branchial fistula
Phimosis/balanitis
Paraphimosis
5 hours
10 hour
CLASS PERFORMANCE RECORD CARD
DEPARTMENT OF SURGREY
--- Medical College Bangladesh.
Name of the student: ...
Father’s Name: ………
Address: -- Village/road with no………
P.O: ………P.S: ………..Dist: ……….
Postal Code no……….Country: ……….
Telephone No: ………..Mobile No: ………..
Batch... Roll No: ... Session... Local Address: ... ………..
Hostel:-………. Room No: ...
Year of admission in 1st year MBBS...
Promoted to 3rd year: Jan/ July - Year...
2nd Professional examination due in- Jan/ July- Year...
2nd professional passed on Jan/July-Year………
3rd Professional due on Jan/July, Year--- 3rd Professional Passed on Jan/July--- Final Professional examination due in- Jan/ July- Year...
Appendix-1
COLLEGE
MONOGRAM Photograph of the
student
SURGERY
Cl. Reg. No. Card No. 1 (One) :16 wk
Roll No. Year 3rd year
Group Total marks 100
Batch Pass marks 60%
Name of the student
Period of placement From : To : Unit :
Professor / Associate Professor Academic Co-ordinator
No. CLINICAL Satisfactory /
Unsatisfactory Marks Signature 1. Rapport development with patient and hospital
supporting stuffs
2. History taking and writing (at least 10 different cases)
3. General examination and general principle of examination
4. Examination of swelling, ulcer, sinus, fistula, etc.
(at least 10 different cases) 5. Examination of
a) Inguino-scrotal swelling b) Vascular system
6. Examination of chronic abdominal conditions. (5 cases)
a) G.I. tract condition
Lumps in different quadrants.
Gastric outlet obstruction b) Hepato biliary conditions
c) Pancreatic conditions
7.
Examination of acute abdominal conditions
Acute Appendicitis
Perforation of the hollow viscus
Acute Pancreatitis
Intestinal obstruction Short cases in out patient clinics
No. PRACTICAL Satisfactory /
Unsatisfactory Marks Signature 1. 5-infusions are to be observed & recorded
2. 10 I.M. injections are to be given & recorded 3. Observe Ryles tube introduction in 5 cases 4. 10 X-rays are to be seen & findings recorded 5. 6 operations are to attain & observe in OT &
record
6. Specimen-Gallstone, G. Bladder, Appendix, Urinary stones
7. Instruments
TUTORIAL
1. Shock
2. Fluid electrolyte balance
3. Strelization, Tetanus, gas gangrene 4. Gangrene, Boil, abscess, crubucle, ulcers 5. Sepsis and asepsis in surgery
6. Preoperative & postoperative care
OFFICIAL RECORD
(To be completed by department of Surgery)
Date of issue of Card Date of return of the Card Date of entry of the Result Date of issue of next Card Card No.
Neurosurgery (1wk )
CARD COMPLETION EXAMINATION
OFFICIAL RECORD
(To be completed by department of Surgery)
Date of issue of Card Date of return of the Card Date of entry of the Result Date of issue of next Card Card No.
No. CLINICAL Satisfactory /
Unsatisfactory Marks Signature 1. Examination of Neurosurgical patients
2. Examination of Hydrocephalus, Meningocele, Brain tumours, Extradural & Sub dural haemorrhage, Brain Abscess
5. Examination and assessment of Head injury patients.
6. PLID- Back pain
Attendance out of
Total marks obtained in items Percentage
Marks obtained in card Completion
Percentage Remarks
Registrar
Unit chief of Orth-Surgery Ortho- Surgical Unit
ORTHOPAEDIC & TRAUMATOLOGY
Name of the student Period of placement
From: To: Unit:
Professor/Associ ate Professor Academic coordinator
CLINICAL Satisfactory/
Unsatisfactory
Marks Signature 1. General principle of Musculoskeletal
history taking
2. General principle of Musculoskeletal examination
3. Clinical examination of Hand & Wrist, Elbow& Shoulder .
4. Clinical examination Hip, Knee, Foot &
Ankle.
5. Examination of Bone disorders – Chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis, Bone tumours.
6. Examination of fractures & dislocations 7. Examination and assessment of polytrauma
patient.
8. Examination of bones & joints deformity, club foot.
Card no. 2(Two)-A
Year 4th year
Total marks 100
Pass marks 60%
Cl. Reg. No.
Roll N0.
Group Batch
CARD COMPLETION EXAMINATION
No. PRACTICAL Satisfactory
/Unsatisfactory
Marks Signature
1 ORTHOPAEDICS
a. Splint, Bandage, technique of immobilization-Plaster slab & cast.
b. Observation of orthopaedics OT
2 CASUALTY
a. At least five emergency cases to be received at Emergency Department &
recorded.
b. At least five minor wounds to be repaired.
c. At least three operations are to be assisted.
3 X-ray of fractures, dislocations, tumours and osteomyelitis
Specimens of BoneTumours and Ostemyelitis
Common Orthopaedic Instruments TUTORIAL
1 Fracture, Complication 2 Dislocation,Subluxation
3 Open fracture Management
Attendance Out of
Total marks obtained in items
Percentage Marks obtained in card
completion
Percentage Remarks
Professor of Orthopeadics Registrar (Ortho Unit- )
ORTHOPAEDIC & TRAUMATOLOGY
Name of the Student
Period of placement From: To: Unit:
Professor/Associate Professor
Academic coordinator
N CLINICAL Satisfactory/
Unsatisfactory
Marks Signature 1 Review on General principle of Musculoskeletal history
taking&examination
2 Clinical examination of upper & lower extremities.
3 Principle of examination of muscles, tendons & joints instabilities.
4 Examination of muscles, tendons & joints instabilities of Knee& Shoulder.
Examination of Spine& spinal cord injury.
6 Examination of peripheral nerves.
7 Long cases presentation & discussion.
8 Short cases presentation & discussion.
Card No. 2 (Two)-B
Year 5th year
Total Marks 100
Pass marks 60%
Cl. Reg. No.
Roll No.
Group Batch
No. PRACTICAL Satisfactory/
Unsatisfactory
Marks Signature
1
ORTHOPAEDICS
a. Use of functional braces, Walking aids, Caliper.
b. Observation of orthopaedics OT&Operations (At least five)
2 CASUALTY
a. At least five emergency cases to be received at Emergency Department & recorded.
b. At least five minor wounds to be repaired.
c. At least three operations are to be assisted.
3 X-ray of fractures, dislocations, tumours and osteomyelitis Specimens of BoneTumours and Ostemyelitis& others
Common Orthopaedic Instruments
TUTORIAL
1 Bone tumours& Osteomyelitis
2 Children fractures& Compart ment Syndrom 3 Mass casualty & ATLS
CARD COMPLETION EXAMINATION
Attendance Out of
Total marks obtained in items
Percentage Marks obtained in card
completion
Percentage Remarks
Professor of Orthopaedics Registrar Ortho unit---
SURGERY
Cl. Reg. No. Card No. 3 (Three) 6 wk
Roll No. Year 5th year
Group Total marks 100
Batch Pass marks 60%
Name of the student
Period of placement From : To : Unit :
Professor / Associate Professor Academic Co-ordinator
No. CLINICAL Satisfactory /
Unsatisfactory Marks Signature 1. Examination of neck swelling
Lymph Nodes
Thyroid
Thyroglossal Cyst
2. Examination of extremities for peripheral vascular conditions
3. Examination of chronic abdominal conditions. (5 cases)
a) G.I. tract condition
Lumps in different quadrants.
Gastric outlet obstruction b) Hepato biliary conditions
c) Pancreatic conditions
4.
Examination of acute abdominal conditions
Acute Appendicitis, lump
Perforation of the hollow viscus
Acute Pancreatitis
Intestinal obstruction 5. Examination of face & oral cavity
6. Examination of breast & axillary's lymph node (Benign & Malignant tumours)
7. Examination of anorectal condition UROLOGY(2 Wk)
9.
PAEDIATRIC SURGERY (2 WK) Examination of Paediatric surgical cases
Anorectal malformation
Hernias
Urogenital malformations
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyeloric stenosis
Cleft lip, palate.
Haemangioma, Cystic Hygroma, Branchial cyst
Neonatal Intestinal obstruction
10.
Short cases in out patient clinics
Lipoma, Neurofibroma
Cyst
Haemangioma
Inguinal Hernias ,Hydrocele
Neck swellings
Breast tumours & abscess PRACTICAL
1. Ten complete histories with clinical examination are to be taken & recorded
2. Three proctoscopic examination are to be done &
recorded
3. Observe surgical dressings & stitch-usually in 3 cases.
4. Ten X-rays (Including Urological) are to be seen and findings recorded
5. Three operations are to be assisted
6. Observe & introduce urethral Catheter in 5 cases 7. Specimen-Ca-Breast, Prostate, Sequestrum, Stomach,
Thyroid, testis, Gallstones & Urinary stones.
TUTORIAL
1. Gastro-intestinal bleeding 2. Acute abdomen
3. Surgical jaundice
4. Chronic abdominal condition
5. Burn, Fluid & electrolytes, Parentral Nutrition 6. LUTS, Haematuria
CARD COMPLETION EXAMINATION
Attendance out of
Total marks obtained in items Percentage
Marks obtained in card Completion Percentage
Remarks
Registrar Unit Chief of Surgery Surgical Unit
OFFICIAL RECORD
(To be completed by department of Surgery)
Date of issue of Card Date of return of the Card Date of entry of the Result Date of issue of next Card Card No.
Remarks and Counter signature of Registrar
Unit Chief of Surgery Department of Surgery
Ophthalmology
Departmental Objectives
The objective of this course is to provide need-based education so as to produce a quality doctor who will be able to
deal with common ocular ailments
identify, give initial management & refer ocular emergency cases appropriately
provide leadership in the sphere of primary eye care in the country as well as abroad.
To achieve the above mentioned departmental objectives, the following learning objectives will be required:
List of Competencies to acquire:
1. Measure visual acuity of adult and children, a. unaided b. with pin hole c. with glass;
2. Examine color vision & examination of visual field (confrontation method)
3. Examine ocular movement and alignment; assessment of pupillary light reflex (direct and consensual) 4. Perform direct ophthalmoscopy.
5. Perform digital tonometry.
6. Perform Regurgitation test of lacrimal sac.
7. Perform Fluorescein dye test, irrigation of conjunctival sac & installation of eye drops/ointment.
8. Perform eversion of upper lid & removal of conjunctival foreign body.
9. Diagnose and give treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, vitamin A deficiency disease (night blindness, Bittot’s spot, xerophthalmia), initiate treatment of minor trauma, correction of simple presbyopia and referral of difficult cases.
10. Diagnose and initiate treatment and referral of ocular emergency cases:
a. trauma, b. painful red eye. c. corneal ulcer/keratits, d. corneal foreign body, e. acute dacryocystits.
11. Diagnose and referral for specialist management: cataract, chalazion, pterygium, leucocoria of children, squint, cases with reduced vision
Fundamentals and principles of ophthalmology
Goal: The students will have the overall understanding of external and internal ocular structures of the normal human eye and will be able to perform the eye examination in normal and disease conditions.
Topic Specific objectives:
At the end of the teaching of the course the students will be able to:
describe normal ocular anatomy.
obtain detail ocular history.
measure and record visual acuity in adults and children.
assess pupillary reflexes.
evaluate ocular motility.
Specific contents in this subject will include:
A. Ocular Anatomy.
Students should be able to define gross anatomy of the eyeball& adnexa 1. Eyelids.
2. Extraocular muscles.
3. Lacrimal apparatus 4. Conjunctiva.
5. Cornea 6. Sclera.
7. Anterior chamber 8. Iris
9. Pupil.
10. Lens 11. Ciliary body 12. Posterior chamber 13. Vitreous cavity.
14. Retina 15. Optic disc.
16. Macula.
17. Choroid.
18. Optic nerve.
Learning Objectives
A. Knowledge components:
Students will be able to describe:
1. basic ocular anatomy
2. concept of measuring visual acuity without correction ,with pinhole and with correction 3. the importance of assessing ocular motility in the six cardinal positions of gaze and ocular
alignment in primary position
4. the basic function of ophthalmoscope
5. importance of dilatation of pupil for fundus examination
6. abnormal fundal appearance in diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy 7. the concept of measuring intraocular pressure
8. the technique of determining the peripheral visual field by confrontation method 9. referral guideline
B. Skill Components:
At the end of the course, the students will able to demonstrate the skill of:
1. examination of each eye individually.
2. test V/A each eye individually and with pinhole.
3. evaluation of the position of the lids, and inspection of the conjunctiva, sclera, cornea and iris with a penlight.
4. examination of the pupil and assessment of the pupillary reaction.
C. Attitude component:
Students will show continuous interest in gaining information in the subject and at the end of the teaching; they will be able to demonstrate the following:
a. A patient-centered role:
b. Scientific Integrity:
c. Ethical medical Professional Behavior:
d. Dedication to Continuous Learning:
Learning will be facilitated by:
Active participation in the a. Classroom discussion b. Completion of assignments c. Formal presentations in tutorials.
d. Self-initiated independent thinking, presentation skill.
Evaluation:
Students will be evaluated by
a. Written examination(Short Essay test and MCQ test) b. Formal and informal observations by instructor c. Terms examinations
d. Final assessment together with other topics in the final Professional MBBS examination.
e. Class and ward attendance Remediation during training:
1. The course coordinator will review the student’s performance and will:
i. Identify any specific deficits
ii. Document all areas requiring remediation or additional concentration.
iii. Provide additional recommendations for remediation of specific lackings.
Method of teaching:
a. Didactic lecture b. In-class group session
c. Clinical class in the hospital out-patient, in-patient and Operation Theatre settings d. Problem based discussion.
Materials
Models, power point presentation will be provided and students will get copies of handout whenever available.
Learning Objectives and Course Contents in ophthalmology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
Hours Student will be able to:
1. describe the anatomy of orbit and its contents 2. describe gross anatomy of the extra ocular muscles 3. diagnose orbital cellulitis, proptosis, squint /deviation and
asymmetry and refer to specialist care
4. list the conditions for further referral to specialist care
Orbit:
1. Gross Anatomy:
a. Bones of the orbit constituting walls, roof and floor b. Contents of the orbit
2. Clinical examination of orbital disease:
3. Orbital diseases:
a. Orbital cellulitis b. Proptosis
2 hrs
Students will be able to
1. describe gross anatomy of the lid
2. describe surgical steps of chalazion operation.
3. demonstrate the skill of step wise clinical examination, 4. describe diagnosis and treatment procedure of the
followings; Stye, chalazion and blepharitis.
5. identify and refer the following: Trichiasis, ptosis, ectropion, entropion, chalazion
Eye lids:
1. Gross Anatomy of the eye lid & its disease 2. Clinical Examination procedure
a. Corneal light reflex & palpebral fissure height b. Visual inspection of eyelids and periocular area.
3. Diseases of Lid
a. Malpositions.(definitions) i. Trichiasis
ii. Ptosis iii. Ectropion iv. Entropion.
2 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching Hours Students will be able to :
1. describe gross anatomy of conjunctiva 2. name diseases of the conjunctiva
3. describe surgical steps of pterygium operation.
4. examine the conjunctiva
5. diagnose and manage of viral, bacterial, allergic conjunctivitis
& ophthalmia Neonatorum
6. diagnose pterygium and refer for surgical management 7. remove superficial conjunctival foreign body
Conjunctiva:
1. Gross Anatomy of the Conjunctiva & its diseases:
2. Examination procedure for conjunctiva 3.Disease of conjunctiva:
a. Conjunctivitis - Bacterial - Viral - Allergic
b. Ophthalmia neonatorum c. Trachoma (Gross idea) d. Pterygium
4.Precautionary measures:
2 hrs
Students will be able to:
1. describe the anatomy of lacrimal apparatus 2. describe production, and functions of tear.
3. describe steps of sac patency test with interpretation 4. describe symptoms, signs of lacrimal sac diseases.
5. diagnose and manage lacrimal sac diseases.
6. mention indication, contraindication and major complications of DCR and DCT
7. perform digital regurgitation test
8. perform digital massage in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Lacrimal Apparatus:
1. Gross Anatomy of the Lacrimal Apparatus& its diseases:
2. Physiology:
Function of tear.
3.Examination Technique:
4. Lacrimal sac disease:
a. Actute dacryocystitis.
b. Lacrimal sac abscess
2 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching Hours
Students will be able to
1. describe gross anatomy of the fibrous coat of the eye
2. describe supply of nutrition to cornea and maintenance of its transparency
3. describe steps of performing fluorescein dye test.
4. describe Keratoplasty 5. examine cornea
6. perform fluorescein dye test (to detect corneal epithelial defect)
7. remove superficial nonimpacted corneal foreign body 8. diagnose, and initiating treatment of corneal ulcer, keratitis
and appropriate referral
Cornea and sclera:
1. Gross anatomy of cornea and sclera 2. Physiology:
a. Maintenance of nutrition& transparency of cornea
b. Function of cornea c. Tear film
3. Diseases of cornea a. corneal ulcer
b. keratitis
c. Keratoplasty (Gross idea)
3 hrs
Student will be able to
1. describe the parts of uveal tract.
2. describe diseases of uveal tract, symptoms, signs and management of acute iritis & endophthalmitis
3. identify circumcorneal / ciliary congestion 4. perform pupil examination
5. identify ciliary tenderness
6. diagnose, initiation of treatment of iritis, endophthalmitis and appropriate referral.
Uveal tract
1. Gross Anatomy 2. Diseases of uveal tract
a. Anterior uveitis/uveitis b. Endophthalmitis c. Panopthalmitis
2 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching
Hours Students will be able to:
1. describe clinical features of age related cataract 2. describe stages of senile cataract
3. mention indications of cataract surgery 4. mention complications of untreated cataract 5. perform the preoperative evaluation 6. state ECCE, SICS and phaco surgery.
7. mention Complications of cataract operation 8. state Advantage of IOL implantation over spectacle
9. demonstrate the skill of diagnosis of cataract and referral to proper ophthalmologist
Lens and cataract:
1. Gross Anatomy:
2. Physiology:
Accommodation 3. Disease of the lens
a. Cataract b. Pseudophakia c. Aphakia
4. Management of cataract:
a. Cataract surgery (Gross idea) b. Intraocular lens and its advantage (Gross idea) 5. Referral criteria of a cataract case
3 hrs
Student will be able to:
1. describe anatomy of the anterior chamber and anterior chamber angle 2. describe production circulation and outflow of the aqueous humor 3. define and classify glaucoma.
4. describe Symptoms, signs and management of POAG, PACG and congenital glaucoma
5. demonstrate the skill of:
a. taking history of glaucoma patients.
b. digital tonometry.
c. conformation test d. direct ophthalmoscopy
6. diagnose and provide initial management of PACG and early referral.
Glaucoma:
1. Gross Anatomy 2. Physiology
a) Production, circulation and outflow of the aqueous humor.
b) Intra ocular pressure and factors influencing IOP.
3. Classification of glaucoma.
4. Disease.(gross aspect)
a) Primary angle closure glaucoma i) Risk factors ii) Symptoms iii) Signs iv)
Management
b) Primary open angle glaucoma: i) Risk factors ii) Symptoms
4 hrs
Learning objectives Contents covered in this topic Teaching Hours
Student will be able to:
1. describe the gross anatomy of the retina and its function 2. describe the normal fundus.
3. describe the fundal features of diabetic, hypertensive retinopathy.
4. examine normal eye with use of direct ophthalmoscope 5. identify or suspect vitro retinal disorder and refer patient
Retina and vitreous:
1. Gross Anatomy:
i. Vitreous ii. Retina
2. Function of retina.
i. Normal vision.(acuity of vision) ii. Color vision
3. Symptoms Suggestive of vitro- retinal disorder.
4. Examination of normal eye with direct ophthalmoscope.
5. Fundal features of a. Diabetic retinopathy.
b. Hypertensive retinopathy.
6. Referral criteria
a. Abnormal red reflex of fundus b. Visual loss or symptoms
3 hrs
Student will be able to:
1. define the common refractive errors eg. myopia, hypermetropia &
astigmatism.
2. define Aphakia and pseudophakia
3. define presbyopia and describe the rule of thumb for correction of presbyopia
4. demonstrate basic knowledge about contact lens and refractive surgery.
Refraction, Contact lens, Refractive Surgery and Low vision (Gross idea):
1. Refractive status& management a. Emetropia.
b. Myopia.
c. Hypermetropia.
d. Astigmatism.
e. Presbyopia
3 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching Hours Students will be able to.
1. name tumors affecting the eye and adnexa 2. name the causes of leucokoria in children.
3. describe stages, symptoms, signs and management of retinoblastoma 4. diagnosef Leucokoria and mention its importance for early referral
Leucocoria in children
a. Cataractb. Retinoblastoma c.. Endophthalmitis
d. Persistent fetal vasculature(PVF/PHPV) e. Retinopathy of prematurity
1 hrs
Student will be able to:
1. describe Strabismus.
2. describe the importance of measuring visual acuity of children of two to five years old
3. describe the causes of amblyopia in children 4. describe the causes of Leukocoria
5. demonstrate the skill of:
a. recording visual acuity in children b. ocular motility test
c. recognize strabismus, nystagmus and amblyopia for immediate specialist referral.
a.
Ocular motility and paediatric ophthalmology:
1. Gross Anatomy.
Extra-ocular muscles
2. Amblyopia.- Definition, cause & impact 3. Strabismus/squint: Definition, cause,
diagnosis,effects and management principle
4. Nystagmus: Definition & identification
2 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching Hours Student will be able to:
1. describe visual and pupillary, path ways.
2. describe manifestations of III, IV & VI cranial nerve palsy.
3. describe Papilloedema 4. record visual acuity.
5. perform confrontation visual field testing in four quadrants for each eye.
6. examine pupillary light reflex 7. recognize and diagnose nystagmus.
8. examine the optic disc with the direct ophthalmoscope
Optic Nerve and Neuro Ophthalmology:
A. Gross Anatomy 1. Visual path way.
2. Pupillary Pathway B. Examination procedure:
1. VA
2. Visual field testing (confrontation) 3. Pupillary light reflex.
4. Direct Ophthalmoscopy
2 hrs
Student will be able to:
1. describe types of ocular injury
2. explain the effect of different types of ocular trauma 3. mention criteria for referral of the patients
4. demonstrate skill of:
a) examination of the eye to assess the effect of injury b) removal of superficial conjunctival, sub-tarsal and
superficial corneal foreign body
Ocular trauma:
1. Blunt injury (Details) 2. Perforating Injury.
3. Foreign Body:(Extra and intra ocular) 4. Chemical Injury (details)
2 hrs
Learning objectives Contents Teaching Hours Students will be able to:
a. describe fundal change in hypertension b. describe fundal change in diabetes mellitus.
c. describe ocular manifestation of vitamin-A deficiency and management.
d. provide health education regarding importance of yearly eye checkup by ophthalmologist for prevention of blindness due to diabetes.
e. demonstrate the skill of detecting disc oedema on fundus examination with direct ophthalmoscope
f. recognize Bittot’s spot, xerophthalmia and Kerotomalacia & referal.
Ocular Manifestations of systemic diseases (Gross idea):
1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Hypertension
3. Vitamin A Deficiency
4. Auto-immune diseases (Basic idea) 5. Tuberculosis
6. AIDS
2 hrs
Student will be able to:
a. describe etiology, magnitude and impact of blindness.
b. demonstrate the concept of ‘Primary Eye care’
c. describe Ocular hygiene.
d. describe diseases and conditions for referral.
e. describe concept of school sight test.
f. define low vision
g. demonstrate gross idea about communicable and preventable eye diseases.
h. perform school sight test
i. identify cases of low vision and referral.
j. implement “Primary Eye Care” concept at the place of work k. develop awareness about eye donation in the community.
l. diagnose & initiate initial management of ocular emergency
Miscellaneous & Community eye care:
1. Etiology and magnitude of blindness 2. School sight test.
3. Primary eye care 4. Referral guide line
5. Low vision and rehabilitation 6. Outreach activities.
7. Eye donation & eye banking.
8. Vision 2020, The right to sight (Gross idea)
9. Ocular therapeutics 10. Ocular emergency 11. Sudden loss of vision 12. Painful loss of vision 13. Painless loss of vision
5 hrs
Skills- EXAMINATION SKILLS
Able to perform Independently
Able to Perform under Guidance
Assist Observe
1. Visual Acuity test and Use of pinhole (including light perception, projection)
2. Colour Vision test
3. Visual field by confrontation 4. Examination of ocular movements 5. Flourescien staining to identify
corneal abrasion
6. Pupillary size and reaction 7. Distant direct ophthalmoscopy on
dilatedpupils to diagnose lens opacities
8. Method of Direct ophthalmoscopy
9. Digital tonometry
10. Schiotz tonometry
11. Regurgitation for NLD Block
12. Syringing
13. Instillation of eye drops/ ointment 14. Irrigation of conjunctiva
15. Applying of patching
16. Epilation of cilia
17. Eversion of upper eye lid
18. Removal of corneal foreign body
19. Cataract surgery
20. Glaucoma surgery
21. Chalazion/Stye
22. Tarsorraphy
23. Assessment of Opacity in the media
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
CARD FOR EVALUATION
First clinical Card (4th year) Total Marks = 100
No. Items Day of
teaching
Marks obtained
Teacher’s Signature
1. History taking 1 day
2 Examination of the Eye: Adnexa, Lid, Chalazion, Ext.Hordeolum, Int.Hordeolum Visual Acuity (Adult & children unaided, with pinhole, with present glass), Ant. Segment. Ocular motility, Digital tonometry, Confrontation test.(Visual field test)
3 days
3 Methods of application of ocular drugs: Eye Bandage, removal of sup. Corneal F.B, Irrigation of conj. Sac.
1 day
4 ‘RED EYES’ - case demonstrations. Including fluorescein dye test & cilliary tenderness.
2 day
5 Trial box, Snellen’s chart 1 day
6 Regurgitation test, Sac Patency Test and Epiphora 3 cases
1 day
7 Assessment 1 day
8 Total 10 days
Name of the student
Roll No Class
Session Batch
Period of placement in Eye 4 weeks
From To
Total No. of attendance Marks obtained Comment
Signature of the Registrar/RS Signature of Head of the Department
Total No. of attendance Marks obtained Comment
Signature of the Registrar/RS Signature of Head of the Department DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
CARD FOR EVALUATION
Second clinical Card (5th Year ) Total Marks = 100
Teaching Hours
Methods Total
No. Items Day of
teaching
Marks obtained
Teacher’s Signature 1. History & Exam (Colour vision, Field of vision,
pupillary light reflex)
4 days 2. Corneal ulcer, Corneal abrasion: Diagnosis and
management.
2 days
3. Uveitis: Diagnosis and management. 2 days
4. Cataract diagnosis and management. 3 days
5. OT, surgical demonstration Chalazion, Stye, DCR, Cataract surgery with IOL implantation
(SICS/ECCE/Phaco)
2 days
6. Glaucoma. 3 days
7. Ocular Injury, Conjunctival irrigation, Eversion of lid, Epilation
2 days 8. Ophthalmoscopy, Tonometry, Assessment of
opacity in media
2 days 9. Dacryocystitis: Diagnosis & management. 2 days
10. Xerophathalmia, paediatric cases. 2 days
11. Assessment 2 days
Total 26 days
Name of the student
Roll No Class
Session Batch
Period of placement in Eye Ward 4 (four) weeks. ( ward + OPD )
From To
Otorhinolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery
Departmental Objectives
The aim is to teach undergraduate medical students so as to produce need based community oriented doctors who will be capable of :
1. diagnosing and managing common ENT & Head-Neck disorders.
2. referring complicated ENT and head-neck disorders to appropriate centres if and when necessary
3. managing common emergencies in ENT & head-neck disease
4. giving preventive advice on certain aspects of ENT & head-neck diseases
To achieve above mentioned departmental objectives the following learning objectives should be achieved:
1. The art of appropriate history taking
2. Should perform primary ENT & head-neck examination procedure
3. Should use the aural speculum, nasal speculum, tongue depressor, laryngeal mirror, tuning fork and head mirror/light, otoscope & other instruments as listed in the enclosure
4. Should be able to describe the clinical application of basic anatomy & physiology of Ear, Nose and Throat
5. Should be able to describe the pathology of common ENT disorders & disorders of the Head- Neck region
6. Should list commonly used drugs and describe their adverse effects
7. Should recommend common investigative procedures and special investigation (CT, MRI, and sonography, etc)
