Management” submitted by Mahbubul Alam, Roll No: M10063115, Session October-2006 has been accepted as satisfactory on 13 May 2012 for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering in Information and Communications Technology (ICT). It is hereby certified that this project or any part thereof has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. I am also grateful to him for all his support, advice and encouragement during this project.
As the population of a country increases, the proper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection becomes more acute to preserve the green environment. This project utilizes the extraordinary power of RFID technology and presents the development of an electronic monitoring system (e-monitoring) to overcome the above problem in the conventional approach. The proposed e-monitoring system is an integrated system consisting of RFID technology interfaced with PIC microcontroller and a web-based computerized software.
It has been tested in both the laboratory and field environments. The prototype developed in this project can be further improved and used for commercial purposes.
- Introduction
- Motivation and Scope of the project
- Objectives with specific aims and possible outcome
- Organization of the report
For this purpose, it is very important that the municipal authority monitors the status of waste collection in real time from a central location. This project presents an e-monitoring system which consists of an integrated system and web-based software integrated with RFID and GPRS technology. Furthermore, the statistical data stored in the system related to solid waste can help environmentalists and urban planners to build a green city.
Here, the RFID technology is connected to a personal computer, making the system expensive and bulky. To overcome all the shortcomings, this project proposed an e-monitoring system where RFID and GPRS technologies are integrated with an embedded microcontroller based system. It can be easily installed in a utility vehicle and is capable of sending solid waste information to a web-based software system running on a server at a central location.
The current scope of the project is to develop a prototype system and test the system in the laboratory environment as well as in the field environment. To develop a web-based GUI so that the system can be accessed from anywhere and information can be viewed by different groups of people.
- Introduction
- An Overview of RFID Technology
- RFID Frequency
- RFID TAGS
- Active vs. Passive Tag
- Read-Only vs. Read/Write or “Smart” Tags
- RFID “Smart” Labels
- Microcontroller
- GPRS Module
- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
These types of tags are typically programmed with a very limited amount of data that is intended to be static, such as serial numbers and part numbers, and are easy to integrate into existing barcode systems. Just as the barcode revolutionized supply chain and asset management in the early 1980s, smart labels may do the same in the years to come. Cost, technological maturity, and ease of implementation are barriers to the diverse use of RFID smart labels such as barcodes.
A barcode is an optical electronic technology in which laser light is reflected from a barcode symbol and read by a scanner. The ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol is a form of barcode most people are familiar with. On the other hand, the Data Matrix barcode standard spectrum allows 2000 ASCII characters to be stored on a two-dimensional label.
Because barcodes require a line of sight and are therefore placed prominently on the outside of the package, anyone with a standard barcode scanner or even a camera can intercept and capture the data. Intense light can also disrupt the operation of barcode scanners, causing them to become unable to read the barcode tags.
![Figure 2.2 Radio Frequency Spectrums [9]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/filepdfnet/10866905.0/18.918.192.724.825.1022/figure-2-2-radio-frequency-spectrums-9.webp)
- Introduction
- Functional block diagram of the system
- Embedded System
- Web based software system
- Data flow diagram of the e-monitoring system
- Technique for Receiving, Sending and Storing Data
- Software Used in the Project
In this project, a micro reader RI-STU-MRD1 kit as shown in Figure 3.2 has been used as an RFID reader to read data from the RFID tag. When a tag comes within range of the RFID reader, it reads the data from the RFID tag. In this project, a PIC microcontroller „PIC16F876A‟ mounted on an educational kit was used as a controller.
The LCD model that has been used in this project is "CFAH1602B-TMC-JP" from Crystalfontz America, Incorporated. SIM300 EVB GPRS module has been used in this project to send SMS to server and mobile phone by authorized persons. The GPRS module is connected to the microcontroller trainer board using serial interface which is shown in Figure 3.6.
When the truck comes to the signal area of the RFID tag, the RFID reader in the embedded system starts reading data from the RFID tag and sends the captured data to the controller. The related information is also sent to the relevant authority's mobile phone from the embedded system. The application has been developed in the Windows platform and the .NET Framework 4 from Microsoft Visual Studio has been used.
Web page of solid waste management system web application shows the existing data of the database. A custom application was developed to receive data, store data and send data shown in Figure 3.11. Microsoft SQL Server: This DBMS software was used to create, update and maintain database.
Microsoft Visual Studio: This software was used to develop the application for receiving, sending and storing data from RFID tag. ASP .NET: This dynamic web application development tool was used to design the web pages. PICC: This software was used to develop the application for microcontroller so that the microcontroller can work automatically.
- Introduction
- E-monitoring System for MSW Management
- Functionality Testing in the Laboratory
- Field test result
- Web based system
- Abnormal situation handling
The developed e-monitoring system displays the RFID tag number on the LCD screen of the system. When the RFID reader comes within the frequency range of the RFID tag, it automatically reads data from the Tag, filters it, formats it and then displays it on the LCD screen. If the controller gets the valid data, it will convert the data to a specific format, otherwise it will display 'Unknown Tag' and the tag number.
After formatting, the data controller displays the message on its LCD screen and at the same time sends the message as an SMS to the central server via the connected GPRS module. Central server sends data to the authorized person's mobile phone and database server to update the hosted website with current data. The municipal board can see the current and historical data by accessing the secured web application solid waste management system (SWMS).
Five garbage containers located near the BUET area were selected as the test site. A BUET minibus was used as a vehicle to transport the developed embedded system to the waste bins. It was observed that when the vehicle arrives at any of the bins, the system successfully detects the tag and sends the tag number to the central server within a very short time.
From table 4.1 it can be concluded that the e-monitoring system works according to the desired requirements and the system is able to work in the field environment in real time. The MSW management authority can easily get the current and past data by accessing the website. Additionally, registered customers can easily submit their complaint using the complaint form on the website.
For example, if an accident occurs, the truck driver brings Tag1 into the reader's frequency range to report to the authority that the truck is unable to reach the designated destination. In this case, the authority will get the registration of Tag1, which indicates the specific situation.
Conclusion
Innovation management.pdf [2] Hannan, M., A., Arebey, M., Basri, H. 3] Visvanathan, C., Ulrich, G., “Domestic Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries – A Comparative Analysis” , 3 R South Asia Expert Workshop, 30 August - 1 September, 2006 Kathmandu, Nepal. Integrating GIS with the GeoEnviron Database System as a Robust Tool for Integrated Solid Waste Management in Malaysia”, Available:. Disconnecting from the GPRS network To check if the MS is connected to the GPRS network.
The AT command set implemented by SIM300 is a combination of GSM07.05, GSM07.07 and ITU-T Recommendation V.25ter and the AT commands developed by SIMCOM. Only enter AT command through serial port after powering on SIM300 and receiving unsolicited result code "RDY" from the serial port. All these AT commands can be syntactically divided into three categories: "basic", "S parameter" and "extended".
An example of this is "ATE
Instead, we only need to type "AT" or "or" at the beginning of the command line. Serial port can be used for CSD fax, GPRS service and send AT command from control module.
Suggestion for future work
Source code for retriving data from RFID Tag
PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click.
Source code for sending SMS from Microcontroller to Mobile phone
Source code for storing data in database
Source Code for retriving data from database for web
AT Commands
If auto-bauding is enabled, the unsolicited result codes “RDY” etc. will not be displayed when you start the ME. The mobile equipment returns the list of parameters and value ranges set by the corresponding write command or by internal processes. If the entered characters exceed this number, none of the commands will be executed and TA will return “ERROR”.
SIM 300 Key features
