ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨ
ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ لﻭﻴﻤﻭ
ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻤ
ﺭﺩ
ﻴ
ﺱ
ﺙﺤﺒ
ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺭﺸ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﺘﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ
ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
:
ﻮﺘﻧﺎﻴﻳﺩﻭﺭ
ﻢﻗﺭ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ
:
١٠٤٠١٢٠٠٠٢٧١
ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻭ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺍ
ﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹ
ﺔ
ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
٢٠١٢
ﻡ
ﺩ
ﺭﺍﺭﻗﻹﺍ
ﺮﻗﺃ ﻩﺎﻧﺩﺃ ﻊﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺎﻧﺃ
ﻢﺳﻻﺍ :
ﻮﺘﻧﺎﻴﻳﺩﻭﺭ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ
: ١٠٤٠١٢٠٠٠٢٧١
ﺩﻼﻴﳌﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗﻭ ﻞﳏ :
ﻝﺎﻐﻴﺗ ، ١٨ ﺱﺭﺎﻣ ١٩٨٥
ﻪﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺄﺑ " :
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ "
ﺷ ﺎﻧﺃ ﺖﻤﻗ ، ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻋﺈﺑ ﺎﻴﺼﺨ
ﻢﺴﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻪﳝﺪﻘﺗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻛ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ
ﻊﻴﲨ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺎﻧﺃﻭ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺕﺮﻛﺫ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺒﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺪﺟﻭ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﻧﺃ ﱵﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻘﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺄﻄ
.
،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
١٨ ﻞﻳﺮﺑﺃ ٢٠١٢
،ﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻩ
ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ
ﻢﺳﻻﺍ :
ﻮﺘﻧﺎﻴﻳﺩﻭﺭ
ﻞﳏ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺩﻼﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﻩ :
ﻝﺎﻐﻴﺗ ، ١٨ ﺱﺭﺎﻣ ١٩٨٥
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ :
ﻳ ﱂ ﺝﻭﺰﺘ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ :
ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍ :
ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﻉﺭﺎﺷ ﻱﺩﻮﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ
ﻢﻗﺭ ٣
ﻰﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻧﻮﺒﻳﺩ –
ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﻐﻴﺗ –
ﻝﺎﻐﻴﺗ ٥٢١٣٢
ﻒﺗﺎﳍﺍ :
٠٨٥٧٤٢٢٦٧٩٩٧
ﺎﻨﻴﳌﺍ / ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﱪﻟﺍ :
rodhy.elshabazz@gmail.com
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻫﺆﳌﺍ
١ . ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ " ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍ "
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻝﺎﻐﻴﺗ
١٩٩٨ ﻡ
٢ . ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ " ﺔﻤﻜﳊﺍ " ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺱﺎﺑﺮﺑ ﻮﻳﺃ ﻲﻣﻮﺑ
ﺔﻨﺳ ٢٠٠١ ﻡ
٣ . ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ " ﺔﻤﻜﳊﺍ " ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺑﺮﺑ ﻮﻳﺃ ﻲﻣﻮﺑ
ﺔﻨﺳ ٢٠٠٤ ﻡ
٤ . ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺔﻨﺳ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ٢٠١٢
ﺯ
٧ . ﻊﻴﲨ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻣ
ﻦ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﺑ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻞﻛ
ﻢﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ
ﻻ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻥﺃ ﺮﻛﺬﻳ ﻢﻫﺀﺎﲰﺃ ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ
ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻮﻓ .
ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﻳ ﻮﻋﺪ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ
ﻥﺃ ﻢﻬﻳﺰﳚ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺍﻮﻠﻌﻓ ﻢﻫﺪﻳﺰﻳﻭ ﻪﻠﻀﻓ
ﻪﺗﺎﻛﺮﺑﻭ .
ﻢﻬﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻧﺇ ﻚﺑﺫﻮﻌﻧ ﻦﻣ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻊﻔﻨﻳﻻ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻊﺸﳜﻻ ﻦﻣﻭ
ﺀﺎﻋﺩ ﻻ ﻳ ﺏﺎﺠﺘﺴ ،ﻪﻨﻣ
ﲔﻣﺁ ﺏﺭﺎﻳ
ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ .
،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
١٨ ﻞﻳﺮﺑﺃ ٢٠١٢
ﺡ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ
ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﻠﻟ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻯﺮﺟ ﻥﺄﺑ
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺪ ﻳ ﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺲ ﻲﻫ ﺐ
ﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺃ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺐﻧﺎﲜﻭ ﺔﳝﺮ
ﺎ
ﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﲤ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﻌ
. ﺎﻬﻨﺴﺣﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻤﺘﲢ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺎﻓ
ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻥﻷ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻳ ﱂ
ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺎﻛ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺬﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ
. ﰲ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﱃﺎﺘﻟﺎﺒﻓ
ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ .
ﺍﺬﻬﻓ ﻊﻓﺪﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ .
ﻥﺄﺑ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻮﺿﻮﺨﻴﺳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﻢﳍﻮﻴﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ .
ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ٢٠١٠
/ ٢٠١١ ﻎﻠﺒﻳﻭ ﻡ
ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻥﻮﻌﺑﺭﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦﻭ ﲔﺘﺋﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺩﺪﻋ .
ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻥﻮﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺄﻳﻭ ١٥
%
ﻥﻮﻌﺑﺭﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦﻭ ﲔﺘﺋﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ .
ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﲨ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺘﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺕﻼﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ .
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻞﹼﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻌﲨ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺎﻓ
ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻑﺮﻌﻴﻟ ﱐﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻟﺩ ﺏﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻓ ﻴﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﻼﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮ
ﻎﻠﺒﻳ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ٧٨،٠٥
ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻓ "
ﺓﺪﻴﺟ " ﺕﻼﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻎﻠﺒﻳ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ
٧٥،٩٥ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻓ
" ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ." ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﻱﺭﺬﺟ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﻤﳍ ﺲﻴﻟ
. ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﻷ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻟﺩ ﺏﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ
“to” ﻯﺪﲟ ﻮﻫ ٠،٧٤٧
ﻥﺃ ﲔﺣ ﰲﻭ “tt”
ﱄﻻﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ٥
% ﻮﻫ
ﻯﺪﲟ ٢،٠٢ ﱄﻻﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲﻭ ١
% ﻯﺪﲟ ﻮﻫ ٢،٧١
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻃﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺭﺮﻘﺗ
ﻱﺭﺬﺟ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟ ﲔﺑ
ﱃﺇ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ
ﺔﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ ﻲﻫ .
ﻝﻮﻴﳌ ﻱﺭﺬﺟ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺔﺻﻼﳋﺍ ﺬﺧﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺒﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ٢٠١٠
/ ٢٠١١ ﻡ ﻢﻬﺘﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻢﻬﺘﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻁ
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ...
... ...
ﺏ
ﻖﻳﺪﺼﺗ ﺔﻨﳉ ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻣﻻﺍ ...
... .
ﺝ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ...
... ﺩ
ﺓﲑﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ... ...
... ـﻫ
ﺮﻜﺷ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ... ...
... ﻭ
ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ...
... ﺡ
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﳏ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
... ...
... ﻁ
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
... ...
١
ﺏ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺒﻟﺍ
ﺚﺤ ... ...
٤
١ -ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ...
... ٤
٢ -ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ...
... ٥
٣ -ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ...
... ٥
ﺝ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ...
... .
٥
ﺩ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻓ ...
... ...
٦
ﻩ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺪﻟﺍ ...
... ٦
ﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ...
... ٧
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ
ﺃ ﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ... ...
٨
١ -ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ...
ﻱ
٢ -ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ...
... ٩
٣ -ﺩ ﺎﳘﺀﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﻭ ...
... ١٠
٤ -ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ...
... ١١
ﺏ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ...
... ١١
١ -ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ...
... ١١
٢ -ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ...
... ١٢
٣ -ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ...
... ١٣
ﺝ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺊﻔﻜﻟﺍ ... ...
.. ١٥
١ -ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ... ...
.. ١٥
ﺃ ( ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ...
... ١٥
ﺏ ( ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ...
... ١٦
ج (
ﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺮ ...
... ١٧
٢ ﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺱ ... ...
.. ١٨
ﺃ ( ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ...
... ١٨
ﺏ ( ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ...
... ١٨
ﺝ ( ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻂﺋﺍﺮﺷ ...
... ١٩
ﺩ ( ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ...
... ١٩
ﻩ ( ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ...
... ٢٢
٣ -ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻣ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻛ ...
... ٢٣
ﺩ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ
ﺭﺪ ﻳ ﺲ ... ٢٨
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻣ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟ
ﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ...
... ....
٣٠
ﺏ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ...
... ٣٠
ﺝ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ...
ﻙ
ﺩ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﲨ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ...
... ٣١
ﻩ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ...
... ٣٢
ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗﻭ
... ...
٣٢
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ
ﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ ...
... .
٣٥
ﺏ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ...
... ..
٥٤
ﺕ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ...
... .
٥٦
ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ
ﺃ ﺔﺻﻼﳋﺍ ...
... ...
٥٧
ﺏ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ ...
... ....
٥٨
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ...
... ...
٥٩
١
ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ
لﻭﻷﺍ
ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﺃ
ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺎﳝ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﺮﻔﺑ ﺔﺣ ﺎﳍ ﻥﻷ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺊﺸﻨﻳ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ . ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ
ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻩﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﺩﺍﺭﺇﻭ
ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﻮﳓ
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺭ ﰊﺎﳚﻹﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﲡﻭ
ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﻭﻭ
ﻩﺮﻈﻧ
ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻝﺎﻣ ﺏﻼﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ
ﱂ ﺍﻮﻠﻴﳝ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ
ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻮﺳﺭﺪﻳ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ
ﺱﺎﲪ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻡﺃ
،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻼﻓ
ﻥﻮﻤﺘﻬﻳ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺎﺑ
ﻻﻭ ﻥﻮﻌﺴﻳ ﰲ
ﻖﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻻﻭ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﻑﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﰲ
ﻪﺘﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺍﺪﻛ
ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ . ﻊﻣ ﻢﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻳ
ﺠﺘ ﻥﻮﻬ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻮﻜﻠﳝ ﺎﻔﻗﻮﻣ ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻛ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛﻭ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻟﺍ ﰊﺎﳚﻹﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻜﻓ
ﺔﺣﺮﻓ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻱﻷ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ
-ﰲﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺩﺪﺼﻟﺍ
ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ
-ﻦﻜﳝ ﻥﺃ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﺑ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺧ .
ﻦﻤﻓ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ
: ،ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ
،ﻊﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻫﻮﳌﺍﻭ
ﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻜ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
. ﻦﻣﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ
: ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ .
ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﻊﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ :
ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ) kognisi (
ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ )
٣ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻓﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ ﰒ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻢﳍﻮﻴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ،ﺲﻜﻌﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻢﻬﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﻣ . ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺣﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺬﳒﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ﺻﺃ ﺖﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ -ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻛ ﰲ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ -ﺍﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺎﻣﺎﻫ ﺬﻔﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﳎ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ (، ﺎﳍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﺧﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ . ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﺑﻭ ،ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻛ ﺔﻴﻠ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﺪﻬﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﲔﻤﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻲﻛ ﺍﻮﺤﺒﺼﻳ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﲔﻓﺮﺘﳏ ﰲ ﻢﻻﺎﳎ ﲔﺌﻓﺎﻜﺘﻣﻭ ﰲ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ . ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﺑ ،ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ . ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻥﻵﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﲢ ﺮﻄﺧﺃ ﺎﳑ ،ﻖﺒﺳ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺐﺴﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ . ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﰐﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﺎﻬﻴﺟﺮﺨﺘﻣ ﻻ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ . ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺕﻼﺧﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺖﻠﺑﻮﻗ ﺕﺎﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ . ﺎﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻨ ﻡﻮﻴﺗﺭﻮﺴﻧﻮﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ : ﻥﺃ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﻻﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻗ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﰒ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻗﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﺫﺎﺟ ﰲ ﺭﺎﻈﻧﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﺎﻨﺒﻌﺷ ﺓﲑﳋﺍ . ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ -ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ﱯﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﳌ ﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞ -ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﻞﻗﺃ ﺔﻌﺠﺸﻣ ﻞﻗﺃﻭ ﺔﺣﺮﻔﻣ . ١ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻗ ﺡﺮﺻ ﺎ ﻮﺟﺭﺎﻬﻳﺩﻮﻣﻮﺳ ١ Tim Konsorsium Ilmu Pendidikan,
٤ Sumodiharjo ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﺭﹼﺬﺣ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﳚﺮﺧ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺞﹶﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ﺔﻋﺮﺳﻭ ﻲﻛ ﻻ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺊﻔﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ . ٢ ﻢﻋﺯﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺏﻼﻃ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﻣ . ﻦﻣﻭ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻢﻋﺰﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻢﺃ ﻻ ﻥﻮﻟﺍﺰﻳ ﻥﻭﺭﻮﺼﺘﻳ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻠﻗ ﺐﺗﺍﻭﺭ ،ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﺓﺭﺎﺴﻣ ﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﲔﺳ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ . ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑﻭ ﱃﺇ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﰲﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻠﻟ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﻢﻬﻠﻴﺼﲢ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻳﻭ ﰲ ﻢﳍﻮﻴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﰒ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﻻ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺎﳝ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻜﺑ ﺱﺎﲪﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ . ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﲢ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ " ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ". ﺎﻤﻛ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌ . ﻦﻣﻭ ﺢﺿﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺘﺳ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺎﻓ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻒﺸﻜﻳﻭ ﻦﻋ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﳋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﲑﻏ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ . ﺏ ﺸﻣ ﺕﻼﻜ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ١ -ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻠﻳ : ﺃ ( ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺤﺒﺼﻴﻟ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﻣ . ﺏ ( ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺤﺒﺼﻴﻟ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﻣ . ﺕ ( ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ٢ Alex S. Sumodiharjo, “Pengadaan Guru Perlu Ditangani Serius”, Suara Karya, (
١٣
٧
٦٣ ، ٣٣ % ﻦﻣ ﻢﻫﺩﺪﻋ ﺍﻮﻠﺼﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺪﻴﺟ . ﺯﺎﳒﺍﻭ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻟ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﻋ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ٧٠ % ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻠﺼﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺪﻴﺟ . ﰒ ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﱃﺇ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﺑ
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﻝﺪﺗ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻃ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ٥٨
، ٠٠ .
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
ﻥﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﻗﺮﻓ ﺎﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ
ﲔﺑﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ
،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺎﺇ ﺚﲝ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﻣﻭ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺇ
ﱃ
ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﰲﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺭﺪﺻﺃ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ :
٨
ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ
ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ
ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ
ﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ
١ -ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ .
ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﻲﻫ
" ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﰲ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻭﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺍﺀﺰﺟ ﻦﻣ
ﺓﲑﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ".
١
ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﺘﲡ ﻰﻘﺒﺗﻭ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻣ ﺖﲢ ﻒﻘﺳ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺣﻭ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ
.
٢
،ﺍﺬﻜﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺎﳍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺍﺪﺟ ﰲ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻑﺍﺮﳓﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﳌ
. ﻥﻷ
ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ،ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ
ﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﻪ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹ ﺦﻀﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻨﺑﻷ
.
١ J.P. Chaplin,
Kamus Lengkap Psikologi, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, ١٩٨١), Cet. VII, hlm. ٥١.
٩ ٢ -ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻯﺮﻐﺻ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻷﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍﻭ . ﻥﺍﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺎﳘﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺎﻴﻟﻭ ﻻﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ،ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﺟﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻡﺰﻟ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ -ﻼﺜﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺏﺎﻏ ﻥﺍﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺗﺎﻣ . ٣ ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺟﺄﺘﺴﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ . ٤ ﺐﺗﺍﺭﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻞﺧﺩ ،ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﺮﺟﺎﺘﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻴﺒﻃ ﻭﺃ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻝﺎﲰﺃﺭ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ . ﺖﻧﺎﻜﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺔﺟ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ) ﻭﺃ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ( ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺪﺑ ﺎﺎﻘﻔﻧﻭ . ﻞﺧﺩﻭ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﳏ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻟ ﺞﺋﺍﻮﺣ ﻊﻴﲨ ،ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺞﺋﺍﻮﺣ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﳎ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ . ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺓﺮﺳﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺼﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﳋﺎﺑﻭ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻱﺄﺑ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺎﻣ . ﻞﻜﻟﻭ ﺓﺮﺳﺃ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺩ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﳌﺍ . ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ -ﺎﻤﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻗ ﻮﺳﺭﻼﻴﻏ Gilarso -) ١٩٩٢ : ٦٣ ( ﺮﺼﺘﻘﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ : أ ( ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺲﻔﻨﻠﻟ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻳﺪﻳ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺑ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻤﲢ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﺒﻗﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﳋﺍﻭ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺮﺟﺎﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻴﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ . ب ( ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﲑﻐﻠﻟ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﻩﲑﻏ ﰲ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺮﺟﺄﺘﺴﻳ ،ﻪﺑ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻊﻨﺼﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻔﻇﻮﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ . ت ( ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﳝ ﻻﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﺭﺎﺟﺇ ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻛ ﻞﺧﺩ ،ﰲﺎﺿﺇ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻚﻠﳝ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻻﻮﻘﺣ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺯﺎﻨﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﺟﻺﻟ . ﻥﺫﺇ ، ﻚﻠﳝ ﺪﻟﺍﻮﻠﻟ ﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﳊ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺧﺩ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻞﺧﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺎﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ . ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﻜﺳ ﻯﺮﻘﻟﺍ -ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ -ﺡﻼﻔﻛ ﰲ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﻘﳊﺍﻭ . ﻢﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﻥﻮﻠﻤﻌﻳ ﺭﺎﺠﺘﻛ ﻭﺃ ﰊﺮﻣ ﻢﺋﺎﻬﺒﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﲰﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻣﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﻦﻋ ﺩﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟﻭ ﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻯﻮ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ .
٣ Suhartin C, R. I.,
Cara Mendidik Anak dalam Keluarga Masa Kini, (Jakarta: Dharma Karya Aksara, ١٩٨٤), hlm. ٦.
١٠
ﺐﻧﺎﲜﻭ ،ﻚﻟﺫ
ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻛ ﰲ ،ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻛ ﰲ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ
ﻭﺃ ﻒﻇﻮﻤﻛ ﰲ
ﺪﻬﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ .
٣ -ﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﳘﺀﺎﻨﺑﺃ
ﻥﺎﳝﺩﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﻝﺎﻗ
Suardiman
) ١٩٨٤ : ١٩ (
٥
: ﻥﻭﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻲﻛ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﲢ ﻢﻬﺴﻔﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﺷﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ .
ﺧﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﻻ ﺎﲟﺭ ،ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺐﻳﺮ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺣﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺳﻹﺍﻭ ﺮ
ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻞﻴﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻥﻭﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻫﺮﻃﺎﺨﲟ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ . ﺡﺎﳒ ﻡﺪﻋ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺔﳊﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹ ﺊﻓﺎﻜﺘﻣﻼﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ .
ﳍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ ﱴﺣ ﻢﳍﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺑﻵﺍ ﻞﻐﺷﺃ ﺎﻤﻓ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻼﻟ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﻮﻟﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﻢ
ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺌﻴﺷ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻫﺩﻻﻭﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ .
ﺪﻟﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ
-ﻩﺮﺷﻭ ﻩﲑﺧ
ﲔﺑﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ
ﻪﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﺎﻫﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﻜﻨﻳ ﻻ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ .
ﺴﺣ ﺓﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻟﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺮﻌﺸﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨ
ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺔﻨﺴﺣ ﻚﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻚﻠﺴﻳ ﻑﻮﺳﻭ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻀﻋ .
ﻥﺎﳝﺩﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﻝﺎﻗ
Suardiman
) ١٩٨٤ : ١٢٤ (
٦
: ﻦﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ
ﻢﻬﻔﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻮﻫ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺎ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺩ .
ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﻬﻳﻭ
ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺾﻓﺭ ﰲ ﻻﻭ ﻞﺴﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺮﻜﻔﻳ ﻻ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻢﺋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻦﻬﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺮﻳ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻠﻟ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻬﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻫﺩﻻﻭﻷ ﺍﻮﻟﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻜﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﲑﺧ ﻲﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻒﻇﻮﻤﻛ ﺔﻨ
٥ Suardiman,
Bimbingan Orang Tua dan Anak Bagaimana Menjadi Orang Tua yang Berhasil, (Yogyakarta: Studing, ١٩٨٤), hlm. ١٩.
١١ ﻲﲰﺃﻭ ﻞﻀﻓﺃﻭ . ﺓﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﺪﻫﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﻤﻛ ﻻﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻌﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻢﺃ ﺓﺪﻴﺣﻭ . ﲔﻋﺮﺘﳐﻭ ﲔﻋﺪﺘﺒﻣﻭ ﲔﻠﺋﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳﻭ ﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻥﻮﺟﺎﺘﳛ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﺠﳜ ﻻﻭ ،ﻥﻮﻌﺠﺸﻴﻓ ،ﲑﻐﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎ . ٤ -ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻤﹼﻠﻌﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺇ . ﻚﻴﻟﺇ ﻪﺘﺟﺎﲝ ﺮﻌﺸﺗ ﺎﻤﺜﻴﺣ ﻞﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗﻭ . ﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﰲ ﺢﺠﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺮﺿﺎﶈﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺓﺭﺪﻗﻭ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﲟ ﺮﺿﺎﶈﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻢﳍﻮﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﰲ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻬﺴﻳ ﱴﺣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ . ﺏ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ١ -ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ " ﻊﲨ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﳌﺍ . ﻞﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻝﺎﻣ -ﻞﻴﳝ -ﻼﻴﻣ ﲎﻌﲟ " ﺔﺒﶈﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍﻭ ." ﻝﺎﻗ ﻳﻭﻮﻟ ﺲ ﻑﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﺠﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻷﺍﻭ " ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﺔﺒﳏﻭ ." ٧ ﻗﻭ ﻝﺎ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺲﻴﻧﺃ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍﻭ " ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺃ ﺎﳓﺍﻭ ﺭ ﻪﻟ ." ٨ ﻒﻠﺘﺧﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻴﳌﺍ ﻞ ﺎﻴﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ . ﻝﺎﻗ ﻝﺎﲨ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﰊﺃ ﻡﺮﻜﻣ ﰲ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻝﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺀﻲﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ . ٩ ﰒ ﻝﺎﻗ ﻭﺮﻛ ﻭﺮﻛﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺪﺗ ﺍﺪﺣﺃ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻠﻟ ﰲ ﺊﻴﺷ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﺎ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ . ١٠ ﻞﻴﻗﻭ ﻀﻳﺃ ﺎ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻲﻛﺯ ﱀﺎﺻ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻲﻫ " ﻩﺎﲡﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﳓ ﻉﻮﺻﻮﻣ ،ﲔﻌﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ٧ ﺲﻳﻮﻟ ،ﻑﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﺪﺠﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻷﺍﻭ ، ) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ، ١٩٧٣ ( ، ﺹ . ٨٧٢ . ٨ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺲﻴﻧﺃ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺍﻭ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ١٣٩٢ ( ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ،ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺹ . ٨٩٤ . ٩ ﲨ ﻝﺎ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﰊﺃ ،ﻡﺮﻜﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻟ ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺏ ، ) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ( ، ﻁ . ١ ، ﺹ . ٢٣٦ .
١٠ Abdurrahman Abror, Psikologi Pendidikan, (Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana, ١٩٩٣),
١٢ ﻖﻘﲢ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ . ١١ ﻑﺮﻌﻳﻭ ﻲﺤﺒﺻ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻒﻴﻄﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ " ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﻴ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ " ﻥﺇ ﻞﻴﳌﺍ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻪﺟﻮﻣ ﻮﳓ ﺊﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﲔﻌﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﺬﳒﻻﺍ . ١٢ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺒﻄﻧﻻﺍ ﻉﺎ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ -ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ -ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ : ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ) kognisi ( ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ) afektif ( ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍﻭ ) konasi .( ﻚﻟﺬﻠﻓ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻌﻓ ﻲﻋﻮﺑ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻻﺇﻭ ﻼﻓ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﺌﻴﺷ ﺎﻣ . ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻓ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﺘﻘﺒﺳ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣﻭ ﻦﻋ ﻦﺋﺎﻛ ﻩﺪﺼﻘﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ . ﺮﺼﻨﻋﻭ ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﺎﺭﺎﻘﺗ ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ) ﺎﻬﺒﻟﺎﻏﻭ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺮﺴﻟﺍﻭ .( ﺮﺼﻨﻋﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺼﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﲔﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻳ ﰲ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﰲ ﻞﻌﻓ ﻱﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﲟ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﲟ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ١٣ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﰲ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻩﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﻦﺋﺎﻜﻠﻟ . ﻭﺪﺒﻳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ) invelovment (، ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ) attention (، ﺓﺮﺑﺎﺜﳌﺍﻭ ) persistence (، ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﻭ ) knowledge (، ﱃﺇﻭ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ )
enjoyment of the class
.( ﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﺔﺑﺮﲡﻭ ٍﺩﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﺑ ﺎﻣ . ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﲟﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﳛ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ . ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﱮﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ : ،ﺮﺗﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﻀﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﻝﺍﻮﻃ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ) ﺿﺎﶈﺍ ﺓﺮ ( ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﰲ ،ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ،ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺮﺑﺎﺜﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩﻭ ﻢﻬﻌﺘﲤ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ) ﺓﺮﺿﺎﶈﺍ ( ﻞﻜﺸﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﻢﻫﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ٢ -ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻌﲡ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﻏﺍﺭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺄﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻉﱰﺑ ﻪﻠ ﻦﻣ ﺍ ﰲ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺣ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻑﺪﻭ ﲔﻌﻣ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻲﳊﺍ ﻦﺋﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺮﺗﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻆﻔ ﺔﺼﻴﻠﲣ ١١ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ،ﻞﻴﻋﺎﲰﺇ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﻟ ﲔﻘﻃﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺎ ، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﻮﻠﳓﻻﺍ ( ، ﺹ . ١٤ . ١٢ ﻲﺤﺒﺻ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﻒﻴﻄﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ، ) ﻡﺩ : ﺕﺩ ( ، ﺹ . ١١ .
١٣ ﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻲﳊﺍ ﻦﺋﺎﻜ ﻉﺎﺒﺷﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﺜﳌﺍ ﻪﻛﺮﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ . ١٤ ﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺰﺟ ﺎﻷ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﻝﻮﻴ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺀ ) ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ( ﱃﺇ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ ﺎﳘﻭ ﲔﻋﻮﻧ : ﺃ ( ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ ) ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻓ ( ﻞﺜﻣ ﻉﻮﳉﺍ ﺶﻄﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﱂﻷﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍﻭ . ﺏ ( ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ) ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﻣ ( ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ . ﻝﺎﻗﻭ ﻑﻮﺼﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﱪﺻ ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ ﱃﺇ ﲔﻤﺴﻗ : ﺃ ( ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪ ﻲﻫ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻑﺪ ،ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺀﻼﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ . ﺏ ( ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻻ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻑﺪ ،ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ١٥ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺿﺭﺇ ﻪﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟ ﻭﺃ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺰﺋﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻣ . ١٦ ٣ -ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﰲ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﺑ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺧ . ﺃ ( ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ : ) ١ ( ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﳉﺍ ، ﻲﻫﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻢﺴﳉﺎﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﺴﳉﺍ ،ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻧ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ . ) ٢ ( ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻠﳋﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻧﺎﺟ ﺐ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ . ) ٣ ( ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﻘﻴﺛﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻮﳋﺍ ﻞﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﳘﲑﻏﻭ . ﺏ ( ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺙﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ١٧ ١٤ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ،ﺮﺑﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺳ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ، ) ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ : ،ﻯﺮﺼﲟ ١٩٧٨ ( ، ﺹ . ٢٩ .
١٥ Muhammad Alisuf Sobri, Psikologi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: CV. Pedoman Ilmu Jaya,
١٩٩٦), Cet. Ke-٢, hlm. ٨٥.
١٤ ﺍﺬﳍﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ . ١٨ ﱴﺣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﱂ ﻊﻤﺴﻳ ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﻱﺃ ﺊﻴﺷ ﻼﻓ ﺐﻏﺮﻳ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻯﺃﺭ ﻭﺃ ﻊﲰ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺮﻋ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺊﻴﺸﻟﺍ . ﺪﻘﻓ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ﻴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﻻﻭ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴﻓ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ . ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻗ ﻱﺩﻮﺑ ﻮﻧﻮﻳ Budiyono ﻼﻗﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﻣ ﻙﻮﻟﺭﻮﻫ Hurlock : ١٩ ﺎﳑ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﺪﻟﻭ ﰲ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ : ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣﻭ ،ﺓﺮﺧﺎﻓ ﺏﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍﻭ ،ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ،ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺲﻨﳉﺍﻭ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ،ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻟﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ . ٢٠ ﺑﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎ ﱃﺇ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺎﻓ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻝﻮﻴﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﰲ ﺊﻴﺷ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ . ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻗ ﻭﺮﻛ ﻭﺮﻛﻭ
Crow and Crow
: ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺖﻗﻭ ،ﻖﺣﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻛ ﻢﻬﺘﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟ ﰲ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ . ٢١ ﺍﺬﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺀﺍﺮﺛﺇ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻠﻟ ﻲﻛ ﺍﻮﻠﺼﳛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻤﺘﻬﻳﻭ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﺇ ﺔﻌﻓﺍﺪﻣﻭ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ . ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ) ﻴﻔﻣ ﺓﺪ ﺔﻤﻬﻣﻭ ( ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻯﻮﺘﲢ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻤﻬﻳ ﻪﻌﺠﺸﻳﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ . ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺛﻭ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺎﺑ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺊﻴﺷ ﺐﺒﺴﺗ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ . ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻣﻭ ،ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺃ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ،ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻗ ﺎﺳﺭﺎﻧﻮﻏ Gunarsa : ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ،ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲔﺣ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺸﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺺﻘﻧﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ . ٢٢ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻴﺑﺎﻣ Mappiare : ﺄﺸﻨﺘﺳ ﻝﻮﻴﳌﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻬﻈﻟ ٢٣ ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺐﻟﺎﻃ – ﰲ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ -ﻻ ﺐﻏﺮﻳ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻟﻮﻴﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻥﻷ ﺖﺤﺘﻔﻨﻳ ﻪﻟ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻚﻠﺘﻟ ،ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺏﻼﻃ
١٧ Dewa Ketut Sukardi,
Bimbingan dan Penyuluhan Belajar di Sekolah, (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, ١٩٨٣), hlm. ٤٩.
١٨ Singgih D. Gunarsa dan Ny. Y. Singgih D. Gunarsa, Psikologi Perawatan, (Jakarta:
Gunung Mulia, ١٩٨٩), Cet. Ke-٣, hlm. ٦٨.
١٩ Hurlock,
Child Development, (Singapura: Mc Graw-Hill), hlm. ١٤٤.
٢٠ Budiyono, “Minat Siswa SMA Untuk Menjadi Guru”, Berita Ilmiah: Kumpulan Laporan Hasil Penelitian Universitas ١١ Maret, Vol. ٣, No. ٠٨, (Maret, ١٩٩٤), hlm. ٤٤.
٢١ Lester D. Crow dan Alice Crow,
Psikologi Pendidikan, Terjemah, Kasijan, (Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, ١٩٨٨), hlm. ٣٥٢.
٢٢ Singgih D. Gunarsa, Psikologi Perawatan, hlm. ٦٩-٧٠.
١٥ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ – ﻼﺜﻣ ﰲ ﻢﳍﻮﻴﻣ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ -ﻥﻭﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻴﲟ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍﻭ .
ﺝ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻜﻟﺍ ﺊﻔ ١ -ﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺃ ( ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻦﻣ " ﹶﺄﹶﻔﹶﻛ -ﹸﺊِﻔﹾﻜﻳ ". ٢٤ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺱﻮﻣﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ " ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻦﺴﺣﻭ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﺼﺗ "، ﰲﻭ ﺱﻮﻣﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ " ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻫ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ." ٢٥ ﲏﻌﺗﻭ ﺑ ـ competence ، ﻥﺇﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺖﻠﻘﻧ ﻣ ﻦ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﲎﻌﲟ " ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺍ " proficiency ﻲﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺎﺑ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﻦﻣ ،ﻦﻬﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺃ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺍ ﱵﻟ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ." ٢٦ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﺡﻼﻄﺻﻻﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺎﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ . ﺖﻟﺎﻗ
Roestiyah NK
" ﻥﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻬ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺎﺑ ،ﻦﻬﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﺸﻨﳌﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ." ٢٧ ،ﺍﺬﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷ ﻮﻟﺍ ﺒﺟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺟ . ٢٨ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻯﺃﺭ Oemar Hamalik " ﻥﺃ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍﻭ . ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻘﻌﻟﺎﻓ ﻲﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻠﻟ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﰲ ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ،ﺊﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺸﻨﳌﺍ ، ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻋﺎﻓ . ٢٩ ٢٤ ،ﲑﻗﺰﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ، ) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ١٩٧٤ ( ، ﺹ . ٨٣٢ . ٢٥ ﻚﻴﺑﺎﺗﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﲪﺃﻭ ﻱﺪﻫﺯ ،ﺭﺎﻀﳏ ﻱﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ، ) ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﻴﻏﻮﻳ : ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﻚﻴﺑﺍﺮﻛ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ١٩٩٦ ( ، ﺹ . ١٥١١ . ٢٦ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻳﺯ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ، ) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ١٩٩٤ ( ﺹ . ٣٣٩ .
٢٧ Roestiyah NK, Masalah-Masalah Keguruan, (Jakarta: Bina Aksara, ١٩٨٩), Cet.
Ke-III, hlm. ٣-٤.
٢٨ Roestiyah NK,
Masalah-Masalah...., hlm. ٢٦.
٢٩ Oemar Hamalik, Metodologi Pengajaran dan Ilmu Pendidikan, (Bandung: Mandar
١٦
ﺏ ( ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ
ﻥﺇ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﳛ ﱃﺇ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺓﺪﻴﳉﺍ . ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻣ
cognitive
ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﰲ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ
ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺩﻭﺰﺘﻳ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻪﺗﺩﺎﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺪﻳ . ﻭﺃ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﲢ ﻪﺑ . ﻭﺃ
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻳ ﻪﻌﻣ
. ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻭ
affective
ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﰲ
ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺐﳚ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘﻳ ،ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺐﳚ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣﺆﻳ ،ﺎ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃﻭ
ﻕﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﻞﻀﻔﻳ ﻥﺃ
ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﺎ . ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﺣ
psychomotor
ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﳊﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻪﻣﺰﻠﺗ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﰲ
ﻒﻠﺘﳐ
ﻪﺟﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻟ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﻁﺮﺨﻨﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ
.
٣٠
ﺔﻨﺳ
١٩٨٥ ﻡﺪﻗ
ﺕﺮﺑﻭﺭ ﺙﻭﺭ
Robert Roth
ﺍﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ
ﺎﻤﺴﻘﻣ
ﺎﻫﺎﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﻲﻫ
: ﻝﺎﺍ ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ
Knowledge domain
ﻝﺎﺍﻭ ﻲﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ
behavior domain
ﻝﺎﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ
attitude domain
ﻝﺎﺍﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ
ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍﻭ
concquences domain
ﺎﺍﻭ ﻝ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ
experience domain
ﻡﺪﻘﻳﻭ
ﻞﻜﻟ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻻ ﻊﺴﺘﻳ ﻝﺎﺍ ﻩﺮﻛﺬﻟ .
٣١
ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻠﻠﻓ
ﻥﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﳘ
: ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺎﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﺑ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ
ﻪﺴﻔﻧ . ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﻬﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻪﺘﻨﻬﲟ ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻛ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ
ﺎﻣ . ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻛ
ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﰒ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻱﺪﻟ ﻩﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ .
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ :
) ١ ( ﺎﻬﺋﺩﺎﺒﻣﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
) ٢ ( ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺎﻣﺇﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ ﺎﻣﺇ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟﺍ .
) ٣ ( ﺮﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﺧ ﺐﻴﻛ ﻂﻴﻄﲣﻭ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻗﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ﰒ ،ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﻕﻭﺮﻓ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﰲﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺑ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﰒ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺎ .
٣٠
ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻃ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻟﺍ
، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻁ . ١ ﺔﻨﺳ ١٩٩٩ ﻡ ( ، ﺹ . ١٦٨ .
١٧
) ٤ ( ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﺑﺪﺗﻭ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﲑﺑﺪﺗ .
) ٥ ( ﱘﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ .
٣٢
ﺭﺎﺻ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ
ﺎﺌﻴﺷ ﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ . ﻼﻓ ﻚﺷ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺲﻴﻟ
ﺍﺮﻣﺃ
،ﻼﻬﺳ ﻥﻷ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻪﻃﺮﺘﺸﻳ
ﻥﺃ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﻦﺴﺣﻭ ﻖﻠﳋﺍ
ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﲟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ
.
ﺝ ( ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳ ﻟﺍ ﺔﺛﻼﺜ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﻦ ﺔﻳﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ) ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ( ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ :
) ١ ( ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ .
ﺔﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﳛ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ
ﲏﻌﳌﺍ : ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗﻭ
ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻡﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻄﺘﻳ ،ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﺻﻭﻭ ،ﺎﺍﻮﻄﺧ
ﻊﺑﺎﺘﺗﻭ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ
ﺍﺪﺘﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ ،ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍﻭ
ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ
ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻔﻛ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﳌ .
) ٢ ( ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ .
ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳ ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻔﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺩﻷﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺪﻴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻈﻔﻠﻟﺍﻭ
ﲑﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻈﻔﻠﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ
ﺎﲟ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ
،ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ،ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍﻭ
،ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ
،ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗﻭ
ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ
ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ
.
) ٣ ( ﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻥ ﱏﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻲﻘﻠﳋﺍ .
ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻜﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﻮ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺩﻷﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﲨ
،ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ
ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﻹﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﺘﺗ
ﺔﻨﻬﳌﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻬﻣﻭ ﻱﺩﺆﻳﻭ
ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑﻭ ﰲ
ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ
،ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﺄﺑ ﻞﺜﲤﻭ ﻝﻮﻗ ﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺳﺮ ﻢﻈﻋﻷﺍ " : ﻥﺇ
٣٢ M. Uzer Usman, Menjadi Guru Profesional, (Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya), Cet.
١٨ ﷲﺍ ﺐﳚ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻢﻛﺪﺣﺃ ﻼﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻘﺘﻳ ." ﻥﺎﻘﺗﻹﺎﻓ ﺔﻤﻗ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻴﻗﻭ . ٣٣ ٢ -ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺃ ( ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﺩ ﺱﺭ -ﺱﺭﺪﻳ " ﻦﻜﳝ ﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻹﺍ
Guru/Staff Pengajar
. ٣٤ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﻮﻫ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ . ٣٥ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﳜ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﻭﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻇﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣﻭ ﰲ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﻓ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻘﻠﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﱴﺣ ﻞﻬﺴﻳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﺎﺼﻳﺇ ﻪﻟ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﻴﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺎﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﺾﻌﺒﺑ . ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺎﻓ ﺮﻫﺎﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻳ ﻞﻐﺸ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺱﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻜﻔﻳﻭ ﰲ ﻪﺒﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﻄﻧﻭ ،ﻪﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣﻭ ﰲﻭ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻢﺍﱪﺧ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﻢﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﺪﻘﻋﻭ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌ ﲔﺑ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ . ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻛ ﻥﺎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻪﻟ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ . ﻱﺩﺆﻴﻟ ﻪﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻛ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ . ﺏ ( ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ) ١ ( ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻭﺮﻟﺍﻭ : ﻝﺎﺜﺘﻣﺍ ﺮﻣﺍﻭﺃ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻫﺍﻮﻧ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﰲ ﻝﺍﻮﻗﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ . ) ٢ ( ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻢﻋﺩﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻘﺑ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ . ٣٣ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﻲﻋﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﳏﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻴﳊﺍﺩﻮﻤﳏ ﻖﺋﺍﺮﻃ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ، ) ﻥﺎﻤﻋ : ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﲑﺴﳌﺍ ٢٠٠٥ ﻡ ( ، ﺹ . ٣٤٣ -٣٤٤
٣٤ A. W. Munawwir, Kamus Arab-Indonesia, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Progressif, ١٩٨٤), ed.
II, hlm. ٣٩٧.
١٩
) ٣ ( ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺳﻭ
،ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﻣﻭ
،ﻡﺯﺎﺣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺪﻌﺘﺒﻳ ﻦﻋ
ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﻻ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﺗ ﱃﺇ ﲑﻜﻔﺗ ،ﻥﺄﺘﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻻ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻴﻔﻃﺎﻋ .
) ٤ ( ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻨﻄﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﺭﺪﻘﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺣ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌﺍ ،ﺪﻴﲜ
،ﺀﺎﻛﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺎﺷﺭﻭ
ﻮﻫﻭ ﻭﺫ ﺮﻛﺍﺫ ﺓ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ .
) ٥ ( ﻭﺫ ﺲﺣ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﺊﺸﻨﻳ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ
ﻊﻣ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﰲ ﺡﺮﻓ ﻭﺃ ﰲ ،ﻥﺰﺣ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻊﻣ ﲔﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﱂﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ .
) ٦ ( ﻢﺴﳉﺍ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﺪﺒﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺧﻭ
ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﳉﺍ
ﻝﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ
ﻱﺪﺴﳉﺍ .
) ٧ ( ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺐﳊﺍﻭ
ﺺﻟﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﳌ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ
ﻊﻓﺎﻨﲟ
ﻪﺘﻣﺪﺧ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ .
٣٦
ﺝ ( ﻂﺋﺍﺮﺷ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻤﻠﻟﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻞﻤﺤﻴﺳ ﻪﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﺑ
ﻒﻴﻘﺜﺘﻟ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻲﻠﻳ :
) ١ ( ﻭ ﺔﻗﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ،ﺓﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﲣﻭ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇﻭ .
) ٢ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣﻭ ،ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺺﺤﻓ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ .
) ٣ ( ﻪﺣﻼﺻﺈﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺈﺑ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ .
) ٤ ( ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﺴﺣ ﺓﻭﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ .
) ٥ ( ﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﱰﳌﺍ ﺕ
.
) ٦ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﺗﻭ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ
ﺦﻴﺴﻓ ﺭﺪﺼﺑ .
) ٧ ( ﺍﺭﺎﺣ ﺎﻧﻭﺎﻌﺗ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻟﻭﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ .
٣٦
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﲪ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻄﻋ
ﺔﻤﻠﺳﺃ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ
، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺩ ﰱﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﺘﻠﻟ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ( ، ﻁ . ١ ، ﺹ .
٢٠
) ٨ ( ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﻮﳓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ .
٣٧
ﺩ ( ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ
ﻞﻤﳛ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﳊﺍ ،ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ :
) ١ ( ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ :
ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻘﺜﺗﻭ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ .
) ٢ ( ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ :
ﻧ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻔ
ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻑﺮﺷﻭ ﺔﻣﺍﺮﻜﻟ
.
) ٣ ( ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻀﻌﻛ ﻪﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﲎﻌﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ :
ﲔﳊﺎﺻ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﺍﻮﺤﺒﺼﻴﻟ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇﻭ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ .
٣٨
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ ﻥﻷ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻓﺮﺘﳏ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ :
) ١ ( ﺮﺴﻴﻤﻛ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻥﺃ ، .
) ٢ ( ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻠﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﹶﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﻪﺟﻮﻤﻛ .
) ٣ ( ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺑﺫﺎﺟ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻉﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﻡﺪﻘﻤﻛ
ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ .
) ٤ ( ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻛ .
) ٥ ( ﺍﻮﻨﺴﳛ ﻲﻛ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﲑﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻨﺴﺣ ﺓﻭﺪﻘﻛ
ﻢﻬﻗﻼﺧﺃ .
) ٦ ( ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﻢﻴﻘﻤﻛ .
) ٧ ( ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﻉﺪﺘﺒﻤﻛ .
) ٨ ( ﲔﻤﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﻼﺧﺃ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻛ
ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺟ ﻢﻋﺪﺑﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ .
) ٩ ( ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻗ ﰲ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﰲﺮﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻛ .
) ١٠ ( ﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ،ﺮﻳﺪﻤﻛ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻛ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻣﻼ
ﺎﺤﺟﺎﻧ ﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ .
٣٩
٣٧ Mahmud Khalifah dan Usamah Quthub,
Menjadi Guru Yang Dirindu, (Surakarta: Ziyad Visi Media, ٢٠٠٩), Cet. Ke-١, hlm. ٤٦.
٣٨ Taufik, “Minat Menjadi Guru dan Motivasi Berprestasi Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri
٢١
ﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻔﻛ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﻡ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻫﻭ :
) ١ ( ﻞﺒﻗ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻗ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺪﺑ ﻞﺒ
ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗﻭ
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺜﻠﺛ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻣ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ
ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ .
) ٢ ( ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﰲ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ
)ﺃ (
ﺮﻣﻭ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻪﺘﺒﻗﺍ
.
) ﺏ (
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ .
) ﺕ (
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺽﺮﻋﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ
ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ .
) ﺙ (
ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻢﺴﺟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﲢ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ .
) ﺝ (
ﱘﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﻷﺍ .
) ﺡ (
ﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜ
: ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺇﻭ ﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋ ﺟﺭﻭ ﰲﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﻴ
ﻢﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻌ ﰲ
ﰲ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﺃ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ
ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ .
) ﺥ (
ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ .
)ﺩ (
ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ
