SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN FYODOR
DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): A MARXIST
APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Barchelor Degree in English Education Department
by
Anna Maoza Amalia
(A320130035)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
v MOTTO
“Don’t tell people your dreams. Show them!”
“The struggle you are in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow”
“Every morning you have two choices: continue to sleep with your dreams or wake up and chase them”
“The future depends on what you do today” -MAHATMA GANDHI-
vi DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
- My beloved parents
I love you more than anything Mom and Dad.
- My beloved brother and sister: My beautiful sister mbak Dewi, mbak
Neka, and My handsome brother Mas Tanto and Handis. Thanks for
your supports and prayers.
- My beloved friends
Thank you for being a nice friends: Keke, Rizka, Elya, Lena, Yusti,
Rida, Firda, Rara, Riska. I love to being crazy with you guys.
My awesome classmate in class A. Thanks to coloring my days during
vii ABSTRACT
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. April, 2017.
This study aims to investigate social stratification in Crime and Punishment novel. The study describes the indicators of social stratification, shows how social stratification depicted in the novel, and reveals the reason of Dostoyevsky why he takes social stratification in his novel. This research is qualitative. In analyzing this novel, the researcher uses Marxist approach. The primary data source is taken from Crime and Punishment novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. While the secondary data sources are other sources such as journals or articles related to the primary data. The result of the study shows the following conclusions. First, there are three indicators of social stratification such as occupation, property, and authority. Second, social stratification depicted in this novel through characters, setting, events, and diction. Third, the reason why Fyodor Dostoyevsky raises social stratification in his novel is to criticize the reign at that era. He concerns with the poor people that oppressed.
Keywords: Crime and Punishment, Marxist, Social Stratification
ABSTRAK
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta April, 2017.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan stratifikasi kelas pada novel Crime and Punishment. penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan indikator dari stratifikasi sosial, untuk menunjukkan bagaimana stratifikasi sosial tergambarkan pada novel ini, dan untuk menyatakan alasan Fyodor Dostoyevsky mengambil stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis novel ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Sumber data utama yaitu dari novel Crime and Punishment karya Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Sedangkan sumber data kedua yaitu data lain seperti jurnal atau artikel yang terkait data utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan beberapa kesilmpulan. Pertama, terdapat tiga indikator dari stratifikasi kelas seperti pekerjaan, kekayaan, dan kekuasaan. Kedua, stratifikasi sosial tergambar pada novel ini melalui karakter, alur, peristiwa dan diksi. Ketiga, alasan mengapa Fyodor Dostoyevsky mengangkat stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya yaitu untuk mengkritik pemerintah pada masa itu. Dia peduli terhadap rakyat miskin yang tertindas.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamiin, all praise to Allah SWT for blessing and
guiding in completing this research papers as partial fulfillment of the requirement for bachelor degree in English Department. In this occasion, the researcher pronounces his thanks to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. as the Dean of Shool Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for approving this research paper.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, as the Head of English of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, MS. as the first consultant, for his guidance, advices and suggestion to the researcher.
4. All of the English Department lectures for their knowledge given to the researcher.
5. All the element of her beloved Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
6. Her beloved parents. Thank you for the support, attentions, prayers, and affections of all time.
7. Her beloved friends for their supports, affections, prayers, happiness, and love.
8. All of the students in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, especially English Department students. Thanks for being nice friends.
The researcher understands that this research is still far from being perfect. She welcomes any endorsing suggestion and criticism. She also greatly expects that this research will be useful and be able to give contribution for academic study and following research.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2017
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ... i
PRONOUNCEMENT ... ii
APPROVAL ... iii
ACCEPTANCE ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ABSTRACT ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Problem Statements ... 5
C. Objective of the Study ... 5
D. Benefits/ Advantage ... 6
E. Paper Organization ... 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Underlying Theory ... 7
1. Notion of Marxism ... 7
2. Marxism in Literature ... 8
3. Social Stratification ... 8
4. Marxist Social Stratification ... 12
B. Previous Study ... 13
C. Novelty ... 14
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of the Study ... 16
B. Object of the Study ... 16
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source ... 16
D. Technique of the Data Collection ... 17
E. Technique of the Data Analysis ... 17
CHAPTER IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. The Indicators of Social Stratification ... 18
1. Occupation ... 18
2. Property ... 26
3. Authority ... 29
B. How Social Stratification Depicted in Crime and Punishment ... 30
1. Through Characters ... 31
2. Through Setting ... 31
3. Through Events ... 32
x
C. The Reason Why Social Stratification Addressed in
Crime and Punishment ... 37 D. Discussion ... 39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ... 42 B. Suggestion ... 43 C. Pedagogical Implication ... 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY
