Ginger and Turmeric Extracts: Their Effects on Thielaviopsis paradoxa Infection of Salak Pondoh during Storage

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Sadanori Sase, National lnstitute for Rural Engineering,

Tsukuba, Japan

Paulo lnglese, Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Universitd degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, ltaly

Yriksel Tiizel, Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty,

Ege University, lzmir, Turkey

Julian Heyes, lnstitute of Food, Nutrition & Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Janet Cubey, Science Department, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, United Kingdom

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PROCEEDINGS

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II".' ASIA

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SYMPOSIUM

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POSTHARVEST RESEARCH,

EDUCATION

AND

EXTENSION

Convener

H.K. Purtvadaria

Yogyakarta,

Indonesia

September 18-20,2012

ISHS Commission Education, Research Training and Consultancy

ISlIS

Commission Quality and Postharvest Horticulture

ISHS Con-rmission Economics and Management

Acta

Horticulturae

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ISBN 978 90 660-5 106 I

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permission fi'om tbe publishcrs.

l)hotographs on the front cover':

l.

Salak Pondoh plants and fruits (by coullesy olC. Szrednicki).

2.

Salak Pondoh liuits (by corutesy of W. Maneerat).

3.

Mangosteen maturity index 3 for expofi (by courtesy of II.K. Purrvadaria).

4.

Ready to eat mangosteen (by couflesy of H.K. Purwadaria).

-5. Demonstration facility for multipurpose plant factory, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan (by courtesy of H. Murase).

6.

Dernonstration facility lor high efficiency energy conservation plant lactory, Osaka Prefecture

University, Japan (by coudesy of H. Murase)_

LI\'I

()IT

('()\TENTS

F,.r:ri , rrtj

Kr", :ti,:r' S],ccch

ir:r:

-til

' .i rri'(

ctntents --..:,.;-.\Lrlhttrs

, .:

,ri- Partictpants

he\

n otc Papers

I

,.lhlr.r e sl llorticultLrrc E,ducation and 'fraining Opporttrnitics in the

',,.::r _{I):rciflc Ilegion}

'.

!:

t ir/orr.s'

;i

.::r.rlrcst Rcsearch Education and E.xtension

jn

I'hailancl: C'apacity

::.;r L|ng jn Postharvest 1-echnology at the Unir ersjty Le vel

,i,.; t' ! ul'tt n e

ral

an cl C. LI/on pis -Aree

_ _.i

'u,

1ng the E,l1-ectiveness of Small-Holder

Funr

Posthanest Practiccs in

- _{lltlt l'lll|I}

r:-ce o1'Postharr,cst Cooling on Product _QLrality

.: :' .' I t I t t t t t t t

:::lrsalion

of Distillation

olVolatilc

Comporrncls from Ciitrus Using

'.1-..

.

_:n

Lirle Oil

_{a\ a l\lo(lcl}

,,

i'raltitli,

G. Srzatlnit:ki and J.D. Craske

^

::..i.'d

_Postharvest Technologies and Management

lbr

Rcducing

,

.ir:r-r

est LoSSeS

in

Rice

' i:r irlltterl

Flccent Postharvest 'lechnology

Invention to Improve

Product

Quality

.

.'..'i:rblc

Transportation Conclitions Preventing _Quality Loss

ol'Jiro'

: :-:>:rrnon fbr Exports

"-

-:-;,'rir.t ctnd K. Nakonrt

.,::r

Components and lnvertase

Activity in

Di

l

rent Maturity Stages

ol

'l:

_r::srie

n'

_Rambutan

''

i

ti:,!tao. V. Sriloottg, .5. Kanla),onara/, S. Noichinda, K. Bodhipadnra

' -i .S Kltutnjareon

:,::licrtions

olElectric

_{Nose to} Determine the Maturity olSapodllla Using

,

'

.::.'nr

Recognition Syslem

',;,?t'olto. _{S. Ilahayoe and A.A. Oka}

.:

,iuction of

High Quality Pineapple Juice Porvder

lor

Using in Instant :.

i'.

Pixvder Procluct

.

(.iictittadul, _{S. Thianpossakortl, S. Bannakulpipal}

.:...i

C

Borontpichaichorlkul

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25

l5

4l

49

55

63

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f;l].|]!::[:'].i'Sern

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Lt. Altntctd, E. Dctrntttt..nti oncl

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l,/trntttttltr

Et-t-cet

olClrnlLrirrrfll;lljlrgrndplirstics\\/rrrppjl1q,,rr

iirt,J)it)sjr.._(.lrt.rrrrrul

rrrd Scnsory _{Ciraractcr.rsrici}

ol

_{na,rrUnole,'r} '

Il.

Parttntau,ali, _{D.A. A,tt'trtiutt,}

i."i),i,'r',li,,,rtth ortl

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\_rrli.srt,osari

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f,ii';:,ill;jl;,1:':,ii:i.ro,,,rrre

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i

lunt,,

tn

cutcl N. ).,cttnrrrrt.hi

Der igrr

ll

rd l)evclonlrrcn _t.ol potato

C r_rci i rtr: Nln..lr i rr..

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k'.

tt ictod,;.

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piic,.v,,

D

A,,g;;;"i,)'"r"'F,rtrrtt,rrc,ti.l

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o;:';rance orrorttato

U:i.g

lt,',

1,,,, rcjiirr,'c.ai,rrs

ir':lf;f

:Xit""tili,?iUsirrg

Acropo'ics

Sysrerrr rr

rri

,/orrc

cooring

in E,

Struttrtti.

ll.

_{Strhurt/i.vanro. K.B. Setninat.ottJ}

5.h.. S,t1t/,trtto

Fruit

Fly

Disinfestatic

H.r,

ii'.J".;ilV;;i;t

of Star Fruir(Atet'rlloo cot'trtrl',,/a

L

) Usirrg Vapor

R. Hasbullah. _{E. Rohacri}

ctnd R. S.rat.ie.f

'nproving

production,of

?r-rrii-recr _{Konj ac Glucoma,,}

an rionr

A

1 n

o r p h o p h o I I t r s t t t t t e I I e r

i

by M, I r;;

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t\. tntpaproscrt.

U.

_{Sr-t.dnicki, C. sorZ,,,pih)oirJtar.rAu/,./.}

/lt,to

ottJ

L

ftt

Process _{Modification oJ. porentiar}

rrrai

_{Ecorromicai rrrber.(.r.r,rp to Bc}

U:ed

,J,

Yl:

j

::l.rpsu

tar ion Lbr. Nu r race u

;;;;ip;oiy,i.,,

';,,;';"'i::if;:;;:,r,,

(i

tt-r'drticki C

_{Rot.c,ntJtichrtit.ttttt.rktrt.}

H;ffot""ttics

Modeling of

com

Drying in a Triangutar-Sp.uted _Becl

I|t.B. _{Bie, G. Srzerlniclti and}

D.F. Fletcher

)esign _{and Deveiopment.of the.Real_Tiile paddy}

eualitl, Identificatiol

ancl

i:l:l1::

Based on the Acoustic

t,b;;;;;'R;rponse

and vibrariorr

iunarno

,vahration

oI

postharvest,eualify

of Tlrree Southem _{Highbush Bluebsrly}

t/QCctttttttn _{corvntborrrttr.Hy.br;ai}

curii"uts

Ii,ul..,.,r

_{ro Hear pr.e-Trcarinenr}

Zltao, R. tnryo1.,t.a'et

r

L'ir'7

I;;',;;e

iiirror,rt

,

ifi.rfl.*ilrlacranr

orr Developmenl

ol

Scnescence in C t ev i I I ea. Syli,ia.

ttyadjit, D.E.

Irving, D

_{C. .Ioyce and D.}

Simons

it't;

ilt

lt9

125

I J-)

The Optirrlizatiorl o1-Antllocyanin I'ignlcnt E'rtraction

fionl

Butteri'ly Pea

(('litort(r

t(:rt1(tt((r

L.t

pciai

tlsing

ne--tpnnse SLrrf rice Methodology

'i

,t'i

_ti,,,

1r,,,,irtg. r\,t. '1,t,/ctrtttrlttn ttntl

E

Prungditnurli

Vanilla Cultivation ancl Curing in Thailand

i.'ii;;;;g;ir:,'eel,

C.

Ll'orgt-Aria,

li

Srilttrtng ttncl

P

Jitttreerat

Chilling

lrljury in

(jrccn

Matnre'Gcdong Ciinctr' N4ango Fruits Based on the C lirrrgcs irt lon Lcakrtse

i"i"Fi,ir',n,i,",,,i,

i.-liti'i""''t'i,

S

14trt'dian'

Ll

'4ltntcttl'

Y

Makinrt' S' o'shittt'

S. Kttrokt artd Y. Kctwttgoe

Anplc Crispness E,stirlation fl'onl Optical Paranreters

i'il

.,/,tt,'. A.

Slttr,til'.

G \'t"

tttttl

'J

Trttt

.lust in Tirlle Potatoes

'ik

ri",:rrpr,, S.P. Singarajtt ctnd S' Muthaly

Quality Changes

ol'Exotic

Tropical Fruits cluring Storage in Serni-Passive

Modified AtmosPhele

D. SaPuIra and F. Pralama

Optirniztng Forlnula o1'Composite Flour-Based Snack Bar for Emergency Food Pro,iucr 1EFP.)

.5.

nar"io,li,

R'.5. Acliandt'i,

N'

Hidayrth and Suismotto

Aoolication

ol

l-MCP

to Delay Ripening

ol'Mas

Kirana' Baualla

E.' 'strkasih, Setyodjit and A'W' Permana

SeparationPt.ocessof.5-AmiriolevulinicAcicl-fromRhoc]clbaclerspaeroides

ioifn...uting

Value oIAgricr'rltural Product by lon Exchange

Chronratography

F"'i:,ir:,"ri,',"6'st'

: e d n i c ki a n d

c'

B o r o m p i c h a i c h a r t ktt I

Hydrolysis and Delignification of Rice Strarv: Eflects of Various Pressures'

Duration of Process and Acidities

E.

bii

,1, go,

I'

Rokhntah

H'

and

I'

Kurniavvali

Postharvest Quality Enhancement

of

'Mekongga' Rice as a Respouse to

Liquid Orqariic Feitilizer Applicatron

E";:;,;i,i:'i; i i;';,;;;i

ii'n

n

BroroLtjojo

ard

D

A

Puspiratringrunt

The Effect of Flooding on Rice Characteristics of 'Cilamaya

Muncul'

on

Various Days after

Pt;t;;;i;;!

trtt

lott

Reproductive and Maturation

Phase

'liiiirtio,

M.

Djali,

S. Nurhasanah,

E

Letnbong and R' Rahntat

Microwar e Treatmetlt for

Killing

the Silo Insect Pest Sitophilus zeantais

Motsch in Maize

E. Hartulisliyoso

Application

ol

Near-lnfrared Refl ectance Spectroscopy for Deternination

of

Gambir (Llncaria _{go,nbi,- Roxb )-Jr4oisture and} Catechin Content

iniitury-r,ni,

Y.A."Pttrwattto,

I'i(t'

Budiastra and

K'

Syantst't

205

213

2\9

221

235

243

251

259

265

213

219

285

293

299

Shcll

Lilc arrl

('harac'ttrristics _{or'Str.e*.rrcr-r._1}

\r:t.tt,gttt ttt trrrgera,,si.:.L.)

C tr.atcd b1t Alrte t'cr-rr-Clycc'tt,l n,,ci p,,.'ie-,1 _{rvitir l)cr..lirr.atecl} plastic _F

ilr'

11.|1.,1t i/in, l.S,St:riu.sili _{rtntl J.S. t}

t,i,,,rji,ii

Enlilorrrlcntai

Factols

Atli,cr

postharvcst (]ualit _y

ol

_{Gnt:ttrnt gnen.ton L.}

K.

lJtrn.t,u-uIit'hat.I ctntl ,S. KttnsIuttg

ciin.tlef ancl TLrt'ttteric _{Ertracls: Their I;11'ccts tt, Thie:lc^,iopt.i,s.}

ltarocloxa

I rr f'er.t rorr,rl Sl Iltk prrrrdrrh cirtrirrg Str rrlrr:c' O S. D h tr r m o 7 tt.r I ra, R. H a s b t r I t,tfi r,, r,j'R-."K,, r m i,r,l

i

Deternrinatior of Fr-yir-g

C"st;r.t r,r

vacur'

_{rrriecr pineapple at Three}

Le r

cl, ol

Fe('ding

Ciprc;ry

'4. Lo\rrt)'onrr'. s. socJ.tarntttn, R. _{soenoko ttnd r-r.,g. ,gt.utrcrrtJi}

Pr-ediction o1'(,-herricar contents _{of Jatrophct}

crr(o'L.

_{Seecrs Ip_3p by Near}

Intl-ared Rcllectance

Method

"

'r''

L_()E^C'h.Lettgltey,

D.p.

_Sari,

I

_{14/. Buditt.stru,} K.lJ. Sttttittat- rtnd B.S. ptrt.u.oko

Ripening Delay and Reduction of Free Fatlv Acids of oi1

pa'n

Fr-r-rit in

Rcspolrse ro j -Met hylcyclopropene

N. JVtrohviiir. L.

Lt.ri/uiv,,;,8;;;

W trtrabai

Charactelization

of

l-MCp

_{Gas fronr Synthesis}

olVarious

Ratios oi.

Lithiurn Diisopropylamide

(LDA]

_{a;Jj_Chloro_2_Methylpropene}

(CMp)

A.l,l'. Pertrratta. Setvadlit

t,tcl

ll/.

g, oti-

il'rvPLrrs I

Ffllll:j;r"ry

AJIei,iarion irr .Golden

Beil,

Slr,eel pepper Caused by UV_C

S. _{Promysu and S. Supapvanich}

The _{Effect of packaoirg arcr Stor-ege}

Te'pe.atures

on trre Sherf-Life of'

Mirrirrraliy processei

Ciuliflowersr'

-

"H!r

l.S. Setiasilt, R. Kastantan anrl

D.

AhrsadcJacl The

Utilization

of Rare Sugars as a Functional _Food

M. Hadipernata, _{S. Ha1;alrZ'rr,}

"iij

A."

ill',)r",

Supply and

varue chain Manageme't

_system

lor Agriculturar

prod'cts

Development _of postharvest

Handling Model

lbr

l\4angosteen

Fruit

(,G.a171ia _{tnongostana L )}

.along

ifr.

E-p*

l,rppty

Clrain

l.M. Eclris, S. LVardjan

uia

t 6i,::,,,;;;; '

iijl,Y":n""r

Managern ent or Ranrbr-rra' FiLrit for Exportir g in chanrhaburi S. Tongtao, V. Srilaonq,

p.

Boonyaritthongc:hai, _{S. Kcu.tlayanarat}

attd T. Wasusri

Model of Integrarecl Rice

Milling

_{and Value Chain Development}

R. Racltntat, R.

eahlolruro,ro,

_Sl

Uijrot

ii,r"a

Suir*oro

12

i07

313

3t9

325

.i

t)

J4-)

351

3s]

JOJ

369

Jl /

385

E'il.ectir'ePostharl,estN4ana.Qelllenlol.TarlgerineCitrus(C'lll.rr'st.t,lir'ttlultt

'Sianr Banjar'') to I{e dLrcc

Liiittt.

lr4aintairi QLra)ity and Protect Safttv

Z.li

tlrlr.ri,n, .S. Le.sntttt'uli.

R

Qontttt'icth ttntl

A

Httsbianlrt

Trials 1br-Application

ol-llandling

Technology in Mar.rgo [:xport

i'

3)',il

rr,^r,,i'

i.

Mu l,- oo,' u' r i, D'

Al

S e r _{)' tt} b t r d i ct nd

R

R ct c h nt a t

Posth:rrvest Researclt, Education and Extension Developnrent

p.srha^,est li ort icr-r ltLirc Educati

or.

Research an d consLr llaricy : l- Lrturc

Ct.rutt.ng.t in the Asia-Pacific Region

D.E,. Aldous

An

Overricu ul Postltlrretr Retclrclt' l:\tensioll

alltl

l'lrttltit'tr

C;rIueitr' irr

the Paciflc wrth a I-ocus

;;;w;t';;-;

Sa'r'oa' Torrga anci The Fi'1i lslands

S.J.R. Llnderhi/l

oneninsHoursoftheivlelbourrleWholesa]eMarketarrdT]ieirltlpactotl

tl.r.

Srsiainrt

ilitY

ol

the Market ';;

i i;;;;;;,

fi

K

v"n'opa'

L

Goraiekands

Magazitt

Novel Technology

in

Postharvest System

Non-Destructive Analysis of lnternal and External Qualities of Mango

'n,"i,t

Jrti"g

Stolage by Hyperspectral

lrlagine

).

Makirrc, 4. lsami'

r.'iulil':i''S

o'hitu'

Y

K'o'ogno'

ltl

TstrkuJ't'

p1.'6liyama, M. Serizawct, Y'A Ptrrwanlo'

IJ

Ahntod'

S

Maidlan

and

S

Ktrroki

Organ Specific Spatio-Temp-olal Patterns of Circadian Clock

in

Lettuce

X.'tttrai,'n.

Murase and

H

Fukuda

ClraracterizationofCircadianRhythmsthrorrghaBioluminescenceReporter

Assay in Lactuca sativa L'

'7:.-

iigashi,

H. Mttrase and

H

Ftrkttda

Intellgent

Micro-Precision Irrigation System

for

Cultured Moss Mat

Production in Plant Factory

Y. Hendrautan and

H

Mtrrase

Anaivsis

of

the Transpiralion Properlies- irr Sunagoke Moss

lt/.

ilrraka,ri,

Ll . Mtrrase attd

H'

Fukudu

Pilot Model of Production System for Moss Greening Material in

Yogyakarta

M.

Ll,shada and H. tVurase

Controlling the Circadian Rhythmrvith Dark Pulses Leads to Inproved

Or.ralitv of"Production in the Plant Factory

S-.

'iisiikava,

H.

Mut'ctse and

H

f:ukuda

Ootimization and L'valuation of Plant Grorvth Using Laser

Light

Source and

Air Flow

Simulation in Plant Factory

M. Akakabe, T. Nishiiawi,-'R' Masuishi'

H'

Narimo'

H'

Fzrkuda

and H. Murase

399

405

415

if< N:J

433

443

451

459

465

4/J

419

481

493

3inger

and

Turmeric Extracts: Their

Effects

on

Tltielaviopsis pnradoxa

nfection of Salak Pondoh

during

Storage

).S. Dharmaputra

)epartment of Biology

:aculty _{olMathernatics and Natural Sciences}

iogor Agricultrrral Urrrr .'rsity

)anrpus Dramaga, Bogor

ndonesia

L. Kusrniadi

)epartment

ol

AgrotechnoIogy

raculty of Agriculture, Fishery and Biology

langkr Beliturrg Unir

rr:it1

)ampus Balunrjuk, Bangka

)angkh Belitr"rng Island ndonesia

R. Hasbullah

Department

ol

Mechanical and

Biosyslcrrr Engint'ering

Faculty of AgricultLrral Te chnology

Bogor Agrrcrritrrlrrl Unir elsily

C-arnpus I)rarnaga, Bogor

lndonesia

ieyrvords: red ginger, tun.neric, r.r'ax, salak pondoh, Thieloviopsis

paradora

lbstract

The

objectives

of

this study

vvere

to:

(1)

investigate

the effect

of

red

ginger

nd

turmeric rhizome extracts

on

grorvth

of

Thielaviopsis

paradoxa; (2)

find

the nost effective coating

lbrmula to maintain quality of

salak

pondoh during

storage.

n

the

first

experiment,

the

concentraticlns

of

red

ginger and

turmeric

rhizome

xtracts

used n'ere 20,

30

antl 10oh.

The

fungus was

grown

on

potato

dextrose agar

PDA)

containing

each

concentration of

the extracts.

PDA not containing

red ginger

nd turmeric extract

served as

control.

In

the second experiment,

three

treatments

onsisting

of lvaxing

10oh,

red ginger

rhizome

extract, and the combination of

n'ax

07o and recl

ginger cxtract'rvere

used to examine

their

effect on

fungal infection of

rlak

pondolr

during

storage.

The

liuit

quality

examined

every

3

days

of

storage

onsisted

of

moisture content, n'eight

loss,

firmness, soluble solid content

(SSC),

espiration

rate and

organoleptic test. Results ilrtlicated

that red

gingcr

and

rrmeric

rhizome

extracts

inhibited grorvth

of

T.

parodoxc

starting

at

30oh

oncentration. Percentage

grorvth inhibition

of the fungus caused

by red

ginger and

rrmeric

rhizonre extracts at

this

concentration were 100 and 34oh,respectively. Red

inger extract

at 30o/o

concentration

\vas more effective

than the turmeric

rhizome

xtract.

Use

of

107o rvax

in

cornbination n,ith

30'h

red ginger

extract

for

coating

rlak

pondoh

fruit

could maintain

fruit

qualitl'

at

roorn temperature

(28.0+1.5"C)

nd

relative

humidity 65-750

for

12

da1's,

rvhile controls

could only

maintain

ostharvest

quality for up

to 9 days.

\TRODUCTION

Apalt

fron

rrangoesteen, lnengo, citrus, banana and duriart, salak (snake

ftuit,

qlacca

Ldalls Reinw.)-is an important

fi'uit

grorvn

in

Indonesia

u,ith an

annual

ol

roduction 815,221 tonnes (BPS, 2010).

As

a

perishable

fi'uit,

salak postharvest deterioration

can be rapid

bec,ar-rse

of

rechanical. physical, physiological and

rricrobiological

factors.

After

harvest

fi'uit

are

hysiologically active, and continue

to

respile.

Thielavic.,psis

paradora

is

the

rr.rost

nportani posihar-vest fungal pathogen

ol

salak. Fungal infection can cause change,s- in

-orlra, _{tasie and texture. Poor taste,}

solt

_{texture and unattractive appearance}

will

affect

re ntarket value

of

salak. Synthetic firngicides have been used

to control

postirarvest

iseases

of

many

fruits, but

excessive use

of

fi-rngicides can result

in

development

ol

lthogen resistance.

According to

Winiarri

et al. (2007) onion,

tumeric

and galangal (Alpinia galanga)

oc. Second Asia Pacrfic Symp. on Postharvest Research

lucation and Ertension ls.: H.K. Prim'adaria et al.

-r2 Hon I 0l

I

ISHS ?0 I 3

have anlirnicl'clbial activities. Srinilson et al. (200()) r'cportecl that rrrrnreric and ginger gar

better control o1-nricrobes than galansal.

\\'ar

coatinc

is

a

rlcthocl

r-rse<i

to J*t"iiA

_?ii,

sheli:lif'e. and to prtttect.liesh pruiLrctJll'orrr rrrrcrobial-attack.

Apart

f

'-on-r tfrut,

r*^i,ig''

also.rleeded_especiallf if'there is u'ound or scnrtclr on thc f lLrit sLrrlace. \Vaxipg

it ui1i;

used in con-rhinariorr rvith synthctic chenricals to

kili

bacteria or fungi.

.The objectives

olthis

study rvere

(J) to

inl'csilgate

tlie eflect

olred

ginger an

turmeric rhizotne extracls on the giori,th

ol

T _{lturcrclo,ra"ancl}

(2)

to

lind

tt. ;o&;?jb.;;

coating 1'ormula to maintain _{qLrality ol-salal< pcindoh during storage.}

MATERIALS AND

NlI ETHODS

Red

Ginger

and

J'urmel'ic

Rhizonres, Isolatc

of7.

parndoxn an6 Salak

Cultiyar

Red ginger- attd turtneric rhizomes (7-8 rnontlis afier planting) were obtainecl

lror

the

Certral

B.angka

\tg:t::f,!lgka

Bclitung Islancl

pro'ince. An]sotut.

ol

i ;;;,:.;;;

rvas obtair.red

frorn SEAMEO BIOTROP

lriigal

culrure

collection

(nig.

i),

n,;

S;i;j

pondoh

clrllivar'Strper Hijau'rvas

_collectccl

fiont

_{Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan peAesaa,}

Su,adaya (P4S) _{Antanan in Kecamatan Caringin. Bogor, West.Iava.}

The

Effect

of Ginger and 'f

urmg'ic Iixtracts

on

Gron'th of

T. parocloxa Thielctuiopsis

^paracloxct t^,'as cultivatecl on Potato

Dextrrxe Agar (pDA)

at roon

terrlperature (28+1.5"C)

for.6

days. Each inoculrrrn

(4

mm

in

diarn.)"of

the

tuirg,rs,i:a

placed on the center

o{'petri

plat-es

(9

cnr

in

cliam.)

iach

containing

pDA

arrcJ 26,

:O

"

10Yo

of

ginger and

turrnelic

extracts.

As

control. the fungus ,"or'grnr.,u1

on

pdA

_no

containing.ginger

and

tulmeric

rhizor-ne extract.

three r{rlicates

r.vere used 1br eacl

treatment, incli-rding the control. _{Petri plates u'ere incubated at room temper.ature. Fi-lnsa}

gror.vtl'r

was

observed

by

measuring

iolony

ciiameter

(in

mrn)

urt

, j[,-is,';rj;i]

incubation.

Ell'ect of

Wax

Coating

in Combination

rvith

Ginger Extract on

T. poracloxa

Inl'ectior

of Salak cluring Storage

About 500 g of salak

fruit

of the sarne size ancl maturity rvere coated r,r,ith dil-ferenr

treatments. i.e., (a) bees rvax at 10o/o concentr.ation, (b) ginger extract, and

(c),0,u"

iOrl"

i.

con.rbination

ivith.ginger

extract. A_s control. salak

u,ain5t

coated

witf

ri,-J1

an;;ift;,

extmct. Three replicates were usecl

lor

eaclt treatntenl.

including the

control^ The 1-uit

quality were'examined et'er1

3

days

lor

l5

days

olstoiage consiits of

_moislrrre

";ri;;i.

u'eight loss, firmness, soluble solit-r content

(s3c), respirition

rate and

".g;;;l;pli;;;i:

They

rvere determined_.using

an oven

method.

gravinetric,

rheorleter,"1.t1o"1tomei.i.

closed systen.r and panelist tes1s, respectively.

RESULTS

AND

DISCUSSION

l'he Eflbct

of Gin&er and

rurme'ic

Extracts

on Grou,th

of r.

paradoxa

;

.

.Growth

,of

T, parado.ra _{was affected by both type ancl concentration}

of

_{extracts on}

rvhiclr

it

grerv being inhibited

92,

i00

and 100%.

by

ginger extracts

of

20,

30

uii

+o;i

concentt-ation respectively

(Fig.

2)

Ginger extract

'a{Z{'y"

_{concentration was}

the

_mosi

effective concentration

inhibiting

T.

paricloxa

growrh. According

io

Fi.t.r

.i"i.

lzOblj

has shown

that

ginger,

,thi:],

contiins

ginger:or.

gingerdiol

unE

,ing.rone can inhibit

fungal grorvth. Padma

et

al. (2007)

r.po.ticlit,^t gitig.iexrracts

irrrltiii,a

pi"rir","ii""

"i

fr"rngal cells and induced apoptosis.

Tunleric

extracts at concentrations o120,

i0

ancl 40%

inhibited

fungal grorvth by

25.34.and

369'ir, respectively

(Fig.3).

Accortiirrg

to

Singh

et al.

(2002)

irrlrJri" oii of

:ylil^..,.:

coltlin;,ns

100. ppm.cesqriiterpen

intriliied g.o#th

of citterc/ri"r,,,,qrir))u*,

\\'rr-r

te

tlre

g1'ow1h

of

Aspergillus

niger

and Ft.r.sarir,rm

oxysporltnl were inniUitea

_ai 200 ppm concentration.

Thc El'l'ect of

Wax

Coating

in Contbination with

Ginger

Errract

on

euality,of

_Salak Pondoh

Fruit

Quality

of

salak pondoh as allected

by,*'ax.coating

i.

_combination

r'ith

_ginger

extract afier.9 days

of

storagc is shorvn

t"

t"!1,-_l-,13.1'11,t,. ,t,nrcnt _{ancl u,eighr loss of}

:iJ:i!Uiff",$;iJJ::f:,';'*#Jl,'i"#Jt ;?ili[Ti::i,l);ili".,o#_ejti:;.**]]j

rrirh J0on

tinger e\tracl mrintrinerl

rnoislttre c{)ntcnt

ols;rlak,,'r,l

_{thls treatmenl inhibited}

deterioration

of

salak caLtsed

by

T. paradoxa. Tlris \\'ax coarurq.oi,i,l

,lo*,transpiration,

r'(,nscqucnlly.ir.. tleter

corltent

rrrd

respirlliott-rv,as _{tnrrinr,,,,,cd as}

ir,.tt

ftlr.,l

_gii

gli

extracl

probably inhibited

spoilage

of

salak frLrit, as, a. tesulr

of

_suppressing

,".tit,nii.

activity. such

as

lran.spiration

and

respiration,. which

.in

turrr

rnhiUlleJ-iunlal

g.owtfr.

According

to

Kader (1992) r'veight (rnass) loss

in

fiuit

is causcd _{directly by tians[irarion}

and

indirectly

by.respiration that converts sugar

into CO:

anci

ll:O.

nriif

'coatings _using

10'%

wax in

cornbination

u'ith

30?i, ginger extract^supptcsscrl ireiglit _{Ioss, because}

o,ai

and ginger extract coatings covet'ed the lenticels

of'fiuit.

_{con.ctluently transpiration} and

respiration rates were inhibited.

The

fruit

coating us1ry _J00% ivax in com-bination^u'ith,10% _{ginger extract resulted}

in significant dillerences

olfruit

firrnness after 3 days of stor.zrge.

Afteig

_{clavs of storage,}

control

fruit

rvere

soft (0.53

kg

1)

and significantly

less than

fruit

tr.eatecl

with

uiax

(2.16

kgl),

ginger extract (2. I 6 kg f).

or

10o/o wax in combination _{rvith 30% sinser exrract}

(2.23kgf).Thuslruittreatedrvith 10%rvaxincon-rbinationu'ith30%gingEr&tractcan

rraintirin its firmness. Ginger extract

al

300h concentration

inhibit

grorvth o7 T. paradoru.

consequently decay

of fruit

was retarded. Ginger extract also r-narntained nroisture content

and

redr.rced

weiglit

loss

of

fruit

and thus

fruit

relnained firmer

than

in

controls.

According

to

Seymour

et al.

(1993) fresh frr"rit softening

is

caused

by

loss

of

turgor-pressure, change ofstarch to sugar and degradation

ofcell

walls.

'

After 9

days

of

storage, SSC

of

fruit

treated

u'ith

l0'%

wax

in contbination rvith

30% ginger extract (17.2'Brix) was

rvitli

the

same

as

those treated

with

l0%

_wax

(l8.S"Brix), but

lower than control

frllit

(19.9"8rix)

and those treated rvith 30% ginger

extract

(19.2'Brix). The wax plus ginger

con'rbinatior.r

inhibited the

increase

of

SSC.

Changes

of

SSC

were a

result

ol

starch

hydrolysis into

glucose and fructose during

storage

(Amiarsi et al.,

1996). Fungal grou'th can induce increased

fiuit

respiration at

roolr

temperature (28.0+1.5"C).

Fruil

coated

rvith

l0o%

wax

and

30%

ginger extract

suppressed

fungal

gror"'th, consequently

neither

respiration

nor

SSC

increased.

Ilespiration rate

ol

fiuit

treated

rvith

10%

u'ax in

combination

u'ith

30% ginger extract

(7.7

nllkg

h)

rvas

significantly

less than control (12.8

rni/kg h)

and 30% gingel extract

( I I .0

ml/kg

h), but

it

rvas not from fi'uit treated

u,ith

10% wax (9.6 ml/kg h). Fruit treated

n'ith the

cor.nbination

of

u,as and ginger

extract inhibitcd

respiration rate.

In

control,

T. paradoxa grorvth rvas obvious after 3 days of storage. Inf-ection incleased with increase

ol

storage duration, consequently damaging rnore cells

in

the

iruit

and hence incleasing

fi'uit

respiratiorr rate as suggested

by

Brecht (1995).

Mrtchell

(1992) reported that wax

coating 'r,vill cover some

of

the pores

in

the

fruit

skin, consequently respiration t'ate was

inhibited and the late of water loss was suppressed.

Quality

acceptance

ol

salak

fruit

determined

by

the

sensory panel tended to

decrease during storage at room temperatul'e ar.rd relative hurnidity

65-15%.lt

was in line

rvith the

decrease

of

acceptable

colour,

aroma and firmness (Ftg.

a). After 9

days

of

storage, based on hedonic value

of

fluit

treated

rvith

10% rvax

in

combination

with

30%

ginger extract (4.68) acceptability u'as sigr.rificantly higher than control

fi'uit

(3.25), and

those treated

u'ith l0%

u'ax (4.20) or 30% ginger extract (.1.39).lt4inirnum acceptability

of

the

fruit

rvas 3.5. Tl-re change

in

salak colour

to

blackish brou'n and the existence

of

fungal grou,th

indicated that

the fi'uit quality

was colrpronrised seriously. The colour

changes of salak

fruit

after 9 days of storage are pt'esented in Figure 5.

CONCLUSIONS

Red ginger and turrneric rhizoure extracts inhibited grou'th of T. paradoxa statling

rl

J0",

ill(oilc(lllralitrrt. Iltrtrc\cr.thelr'dgirrgcrexllircl \\ir\nluchrnorcellbciir.,:rI0rr,

llrrrstr' inlrinirion;

rlrlrr rlre lurrrier.ic cxtra..rl

lj",u iirngu,

i,

,

niL,oil

U"s;,;';';;;;,;i;;i,

of

l0%' Ii'ax ancl 30%, girlger extract to coat

iatatponEotl ri,.,iir""irito"rs

quality o1. lr.uit

room terrperature (28-29oC') _{and r.elarive lrurriclity 65_7-5,1,, 1br up}

to

lZ

Aayi.,;hi;h

3 days nrore than Lrntt-eatecl contr-ol fi.Lrit.

Literaturc Citctl

'Arniilrsi' D.- Sitoltrs.

l)

and

Sjeilirllah. I996.

Perrgrruh

r,'l.rrik

penyirlparrrrr _lcr.lrada

ruutu buali srrlak ltrrnrrt. J.

llort.

6(41:392_401.

BPS

RI.

2010.

ProdLrksi Btrah-buaiian di_ _{_Indonesia.} hrtp://rvww.bps.go.icl/tab _su1

^

vieu'.php?taber:r&daftar-r

&id^_subyek:55&notab:2. _{t0d March}

zolbi'

-'

'!!v

ouL

Brecht,.l.K.

1995. physiology

oflight

processed

fruir

and

vegetables.

J.

Horl

_Sc

30( l _):1 8-1

2.

c

Ficker,c.E-, Snith, M.L.,

lrrlribiritrtt

of

_{hrrrnalt^Pathogenic} Susiarti,

s.,

Leaman, D..I., Ilau,ari"

c.

ancl Arnason,

J.T.200:

firngi by

lnernbers ,,1 lingiber.,Lt.a.re usei-l

bv

tlr

Kr'r))alr (lrrdonesiarr

Bo*eor..r.

_{Erlrnophaimacol.}

g5i:-

_l,'15o12o3. -

----

'''"\'

ur

L'

Kader,

_Publication

A.A.

1992.

Postharvest

Biology

.ard

Technolcigy

olj

Horlicultgral

Croi 331 1. Davrs: University of*ealifornia.

USA.

'

Micthell' F.G.

1992. Preparation

for

fresh market

of fiuit.

p.31-34.

In: A.A.

Kacler (erl

Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Davis: University or-

C"flf"*i".''

"

Padrna,

V.,

cristie,

s

uqg Ramkuma,

K.M.200j.Induction

of

upoptori, by

gingel.i,

Hep-2

cell line

is m^e^dia!._d

uy

reactive oxygen species. Basic

&

Clinrcal

pri"d"."l

&

Toxicol

I 00{5):302-307.

Seyrnour.

G,

T1y_l_or-.

L

and_Tucke'r,

G.

r993. Biochemislrv

of Fruit

Ripening. London Chapman and

Hall

PLrbl. Inc.

Singh' G', Singh, O.P'

and-M.qurya, _{S. 2002. Chemical ancl biociclal investigations or}

essential

orls

of

some

Indian

Curcunta species. Progress

in

Crystat:

Cr-;th'";;

Characterization o{'Materials 45:75_gl.

Sunilson.

]

A,J,

Sura;,

R., Rejitha, G.,

Anandarajagopal,

K.A.V.,

K,nari,

A.G.

anr

Pronrrvichit, P.

2009.In

vitro antimicrobial ev_ahiation

oi

zirgaib,", o/ficinale,

C;rr;;;

li.,:€",21d^^ltlrirtict golanga extract as natural foocl

presen,ati;e; Ani.

J.

F;;A

i;"il;i

4(s).192-200.

\\uiniarti,

c.,

Henrani and

Marrvati,7.2007.

Teknologi

pemumian ekstrak lengkuar

(Alpinia ga/anga) secara aclsorbsi. J. pascapanen 4(2):65_l

l.

Tables

Table

l.

_Quality

olsaiak fiuit

after 9 days of storage at room temperrlrure.

Treatment Moisture _o/

content

Weight loss Firmness Respiration

/o

SSC

oBrix _{ml/ke h)}

Contlol

Wax l0%

82.2+0.1

a

28.2+0.8

b

0.53+0.15 a 19.9+0.9 b 12.8+2.1 c

84.6+1.0

b

25.1+1.7

a

2.16+0.19

b

18.8+0.9

ab

_9.6+1.1 ab

Ginger 30

%

85.1+r.6

b

25.7+1.r

a

2.16+0.44b

19.2+r.3

b

_{11.0+1.9 b}

Wax l0ozn+

Grnger

3092o

85-7+0.2

b

24.0+1.0a

2.23+0.22b 17.2+0.7ab

7.ixl.0a

arn',

mLrltiple range tesi at the 5% Ievel.

[image:13.595.69.534.0.803.2]

Figu res

Irrg. I

Fig. 3

af)

n/j 0*

Lli

-o

x"

.''s

"

(A)

(ll)

tAr

Colonv

ol

Tlrielat'io1t5i.r 1'ctt'atlutr

orl

l)otirlu dextt

'.e

agnr

aftcr'3

days ol

;;.;b;;;;' ri

zitr.s"c,

1d1 photo

inicltrglrpl

t

1''r,i'loxa

tl00

t:

(r)

chlamydospore, (b) endoconidiun.r'

a'_c

d4

h

Fig.

"

2. Grorvth

of

L

parudoxa on potato dextrose agar contalnlng

ofginger

extract and control.

variotts cortcentrations

containing various concentratlons

l-J

Gloq'th

of

T. parctdoxa on potato dextt'ose agat

of

tumeric

extract and control.

911..

[image:14.595.60.545.17.600.2]

+ (ol,[rol

0r

(i

q

lt

_{l_i}

IJttt;ttr,,rt

t.l.slt,rtgr

(rl;ri./

r

-Fig'

4'

The crrange _{in acceptability}

to the whole acceptance _of

fruit

_during storage.

SalakTruit _{storecl a{}

roolx

_temperalure

(2g.0+l

ftL'::"ff

r;:,*:x;ffi

T:ttitr:ll{:}#rri';4i;,,!;i{^::t;i:

Fig.5.

324

*-i#"- _Wax

-** Ginger extract 30?6

[image:15.595.51.537.24.794.2]