POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH Politeness Strategies Of Inviting Utterances By English Department Students Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta.

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POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

By:

SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI A320130108

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF TEACHER AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

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TESTIMONY

I’m the researcher, signed on the statement below:

Name : SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI

NIM : A320130108

Study/Program : Department of English Education

Title : Politeness Strategies of Inviting Utterances by English Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there in no plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university, nor there are option of masterpiece which has been written or published by others, expect those in which writing are referred manuscript and mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.

If later, the result of this research is proven as plagiarism, I will fully responsible and willing to accept sanction in according with applicable regulation.

Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017 The Writer

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iii APPROVAL

POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

RESEARCH PAPER

By:

Sholihah Dwi Nuraini A320130108

Approved by Consultant:

Consultant 1

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ACCEPTANCE

POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

Written by: Sholihah Dwi Nuraini

A320130108

Accepted by:

The Board of Examiners of School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

The Board Examiner:

1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum (...) (Chair Person)

2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D (...) (Member I)

3. Koesomo Ratih, M.Hum (...) (Member II)

Surakarta, 03 April 2017

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta School of Teacher Training and Education

Dean,

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NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001 MOTTO

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DEDICATION

This research paper is proudly dedicated to:

My beloved father (Mukriyanto)

My beloved mother (Suwarti)

My older sister (Prista Ayu Nurjannah)

My younger brother

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. All the praises be to Allah who has given the ease and smoothness to the researcher, so the researcher can finish this research paper entitled “POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA”. This research paper

is one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of Department of English Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

This research paper cannot be finished without the help and the constributions from many people. Thus, the researcher would like to express big thanks to:

1. Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Setiaji, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, the Head of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

4. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum, the researchers’ academic advisor.

5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, the consultant who has given a lot of knowledge, criticisms, and advice to researcher until this research paper is finished.

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7. All the lectures in English Department of Muhmmadiyah University of Surakarta, thank you very much for all the knowledge and experience that have been shared to the researcher.

8. All students who have participated in the data collection.

9. Her beloved family (her father, her mother, her older sister, and her younger brother), thank you very much for all the support, advice, motivation, and prayer.

10. Her crazy friends (Ibnu, Novita, Putri, Rian, and Dani) that have colored her days with a joke, a smile, and a sorrow.

11. Great family of EDSO 2014 who has given a lot of experience to the researcher, especially for second division (miss. Irin, miss Intan, mr. Wawan, Ibnu, Ambar, Zulfa, Vita, Dwiki, Wawan, Bachtiar, and Yusron). 12. Her incredible partner of the first division (Fathoni and Tafsir) and her

beloved member of the first division 2015.

13. Her beloved friends in Department of English Education who cannot be mentioned one by one.

14. The member of ‘Kos Unyu’ (mb. Yessy, mb. Dika, Evi, and Devi) who are always give support and make her days cheerful.

15. All staffs who help the researcher in processing the administration. 16. Everyone who has helped the researcher.

Thank you very much for all of the prayer, advice, support, and everything that has made the researcher successfully completed this research paper. The writer hopes this research paper can provide benefits for everyone and can contribute in education, especially in a field of linguistics.

Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017 The Writer

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POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum Department of English Education

University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127) E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com

ABSTRACK

This research focuses on invitation strategies and politeness strategies used by English Department students. The data of this research are inviting utterances made by the students of the first semester of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The data sources are the documents which consist of utterances of students’ answer. The researcher collects the data by using DCT (Discourse Completion Task). The DCT contains the script dialog that shows various scenarios. To analyze invitation strategies the researcher adopted strategies of Suketi (2014), while to analyze politeness strategies the researcher uses the theory of Brown and Levinson (1978).

The result shows that (1) there are fourteen strategies of invitation used by English Department students and (2) there are four strategies of politeness used by English Department students. The fourteenth strategies of invitation are performative strategy, asking for willingness strategy, want strategy, imperative strategy, hoping strategy, and the others strategy are the combination of asking for willingness plus hoping strategy, asking for willingness plus imperative strategy, hoping plus asking for willingness strategy, imperative plus hoping strategy, performative plus asking for willingness strategy, performative plus hoping strategy, want plus asking for willingness strategy, want plus hoping strategy, and want plus performative strategy. Meanwhile, most of the students usually use the strategy of asking for willingness, because this strategy is used to get definite answer from the hearer; and the fourth strategies of politeness are bald-on record strategy, off record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness strategy. Here, the most dominant strategy is negative politeness, because this strategy is indicated by lengthening the distance. It emphasizes the hearers’ right to freedom and can be seen as a deference strategy.

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POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum Department of English Education

University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127) E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi undangan dan strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Data dari penelitian ini adalah ungkapan-ungkapan dalam mengundang yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Sumber datanya adalah dokumen-dokumen yang terdiri dari ungkapan-ungkapan dari jawaban mahasiswa. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan DCT (Wacana Penyelesaian Tugas). Untuk menganalisis strategi undangan peneliti menggunakan strategi dari Suketi (2014), sedangkan untuk menganalisis strategi kesantunan peneliti menggunakan teori dari Brown dan Levinson (1978).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empatbelas strategi undangan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris dan (2) terdapat empat strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Keempatbelas strategi undangan tersebut adalah strategi performatif, strategi meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan, strategi imperatif, strategi pengharapan, dan strategi lainnya adalah kombinasi dari strategi meminta kesediaan plus pengharapan, strategi meminta kesediaan plus imperatif, strategi pengharapan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi imperatif plus pengharapan, strategi performatif plus meminta kesediaan, strategi performatif plus pengharapan, strategi keinginan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan plus pengharapan, dan strategi keinginan plus performatif. Sementara itu, kebanyakan siswa memilih menggunakan strategi meminta kesediaan, karena strategi ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan jawaban yang pasti dari mitra tutur; dan keempat strategi kesantunan adalah strategi bald-on record, strategi off record, strategi kesantunan positif, dan strategi kesantunan negatif. Disini, strategi yang paling dominan adalah kesantunan negatif, karena strategi ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu jarak. Strategi ini memberikan kebebasan hak pada mitra tutur dan dapat dilihat sebagai strategi penghormatan.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ... i

TESTIMONY ... ii

APPROVAL ... iii

ACCEPTANCE ... iv

MOTTO ... v

DEDICATION ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii

ABSTRACK ... ix

ABSTRAK ... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... xiii

LIST OF TABLE ... xiv

LIST OF APPENDIX ... xv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Limitation of the Study ... 3

C. Focus of the Study ... 3

D. Objective of the Study ... 3

E. Benefit of the Study ... 3

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Underlying Theory ... 5

1. Notion of Pragmatics ... 5

2. Scope of Pragmatics ... 6

3. Pragmatic Competence ... 7

4. Interlanguage Pragmatics ... 8

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6. Invitation ... 11

7. Invitation Strategies ... 12

8. Politeness ... 13

B. Previous Study ... 19

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research... 25

B. Object of the Study... 25

C. Research Data and Data Source ... 25

D. Technique of Collecting Data ... 25

E. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 28

CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Data Analysis ... 29

2. Politeness Strategies ... 63

B. The Findings ... 98

C. Discussion ... 104

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 107

B. Pedagogical Implication ... 108

C. Suggestion ... 109

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 110

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AW : Asking for Willingness

AWH : Asking for Willingness + Hoping AWI : Asking for Willingness + Imperative BOR : Bald on Record

H : Hoping

HAW : Hoping + Asking for Willingness I : Imperative

IH : Imperative + Hoping NP : Negative Politeness OR : Off Record

P : Performative

PAW : Performative + Asking for Willingness PH : Performative + Hoping

PP : Positive Politeness W : Want

WAW : Want + Asking for Willingness WH : Want + Hoping

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LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

Table 3.1 Classification of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) ... 26 Table 4.1 List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Invitation

Strategies ... 98 Table 4.2 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the

Invitation Strategies... 99 Table 4.3 the List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Politeness

Strategies ... 101 Table 4.4 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the

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