APOLOGIZING STRATEGIES USED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISHDEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA Apologizing Strategies Used By The Students Of English Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta.

(1)

APOLOGIZING STRATEGIES USED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

By:

HINDRIA ARIYANTI RODIAH A320130115

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

v MOTTO

(6)

vi

DEDICATION

This research paper is specially dedicated to: My beloved mother

(Hj. Sukiyem) My beloved father

(H. Wakidi)

My beloved sister and brother (Handayani Eka Wati and her family)

(Ripan Didik Kurniawan) (Taufiqqurrohman Arrosyadi)

(Endah Imelda Nur Fadillah)

(7)

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrohmanirrahim

By saying the name of Allah, the most powerful, His goodness never can be

calculated, so the researcher can finish this research paper entitled

“APOLOGIZING STRATEGIES USED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA”

this research paper is one of requirement to finish the study in English Department of

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This research paper cannot be finished

without many helps from many people. So, the researcher would like to express big

thanks to:

knowledge and guide to the researcher until this researcher paper finish.

5. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M.Hum who gives opportunity to take the data in the class

of speaking I.

6. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of

Surakarta for all the beneficial knowledge that has received by the researcher.

7. Her beloved family, her beloved father and mother who always give praying,

advice, support, and motivation in all situations.

8. All students of speaking I in Mrs. Fatimah’s class.

9. Her beloved friends who are always together from beginning semester (Anis,

Dita, Putri, and Karlena).

10. Her beloved friends who are always together to get consultation and to finish

(8)

viii

11. Her beloved friends who accompany at the examination of this research paper

(Lia, Grahita, and Weni)

12. Her beloved friends in Department of English Education.

13. All of staff who help the researcher in processing the administration.

14. Everybody who has helped the researcher.

Thanks for all kindness and support. The writher hopes that this research will

give advantages for everyone.

Surakarta, 16 January 2017

The Writer

Hindria Ariyanti Rodiah

(9)

ix SUMMARY

HINDRIA ARIYANTI RODIAH/ A320130115/ APOLOGIZING STRATEGIES

USED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. December, 2016.

This study aims at describing (1) the apologizing strategies of the utterance, and (2) the politeness strategies of the apologizing utterance used by the students. The data of this study are the utterances which are used by the students. The technique of collecting data is DCT model. The techniques for analyzing data are analysis, discussion, and conclusion. The data are analyzed by using apologizing strategies theory of Trosborg (1995) and politeness strategies by using theory of Brown and Levinson (1987).

The researcher found that: (1) there are twenty seven types of apologizing strategies which are combined with the other strategies and other utterances by the students. The types of Trosborg’s apologizing strategies are not independent because they are used together by the students. The students have their own ways to choose the utterances for expressing apology to the hearer. The students combine apology with other utterances, namely: thanking, warning, asking punishment, asking for feeling, offering the future acceptance, and persuading the hearer. They mostly use combination of promise for forbearance for the hearer who has lower power and they use combination of explicit explanation for the hearer who has equal and higher social status. There are 44% students who use apologizing strategy appropriately and 56% students who use apologizing strategy inappropriately. There are 56% students who are fail to choose appropriate apologizing strategies in relation with power property of the speakers, relative age between the speakers, seriousness of the case, and behavior, (2) there are three types of politeness strategies namely: bald on record strategy takes 4%, positive politeness strategy takes 64%, and negative politeness strategy takes 32%. There are 59% students who use politeness strategy appropriately and 41% students who use politeness strategy inappropriately. There are 41% students who are fail to choose appropriate politeness strategies in relation with relative distance between the speakers and in relation with behavior. They mostly use negative politeness strategy for the hearer who is familiar-equal and unfamiliar-lower.

(10)

x

RINGKASAN

HINDRIA ARIYANTI RODIAH/ A320130115/ APOLOGIZING STRATEGIES

USED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Desember, 2016.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) ungkapan strategi meminta maaf, dan (2) strategi kesantunan bahasa dalam meminta maaf yang dipakai oleh mahasiswa. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah ungkapan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa. Teknik untuk mengumpulkan data adalah model DCT. Teknik untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis, pembahasan dan kesimpulan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori strategi meminta maaf dari Trosborg (1995) dan strategi kesantunan bahasa menggunakan teori Brown dan Levinson (1987).

Peneliti menemukan bahwa: (1) ada dua puluh tujuh tipe strategi yang dikombinasikan dengan strategi yang lain serta ungkapan lain oleh mahasiswa. Tipe strategi meminta maaf oleh Trosborg tidak dapat berdiri sendiri karena mereka digunakan bersama-sama oleh mahasiswa. Mahasiswa memiliki cara mereka sendiri untuk memilih ungkapan dalam mengekpresikan permintaan maaf kepada pendengar. Mereka mengkombinasikan permintaan maaf dengan ungkapan lain, yaitu: terima kasih, peringatan, menanyakan hukuman, menanyakan perasaan, menawarkan persetujuan selanjutnya, dan membujuk pendengar. Mereka kebanyakan menggunakan kombinasi perjanjian untuk pendengar yang memiliki kekuasaan lebih rendah dan mereka menggunakan kombinasi penjelasan tersurat pada pendengar yang memiliki status sosial sama dan pada status sosial yang lebih tinggi. Ada 44% mahasiswa yang menggunakan strategi meminta maaf dengan tepat dan 56% mahasiswa yang menggunakan strategi meminta maaf dengan tidak tepat. Ada 56% mahasiswa yang gagal memilih strategi meminta maaf yang pantas dalam hubungan dengan kekuasaan antar pembicara, umur antar pembicara, keseriusan kasus, dan tingkah laku, (2) ada 3 tipe kesantunan bahasa yaitu: strategi bald on record _(4%), strategi kesantunan positif (64%), dan strategi kesantunan negative (32%). Ada 53% mahasiswa yang menggunakan strategi kesantunan dengan tepat dan 47% mahasiswa yang menggunakan strategi kesantunan dengan tidak tepat. Ada 47% mahasiswa gagal memilih strategi kesantunan yang pantas dalam hubungan dengan jarak relatif antar pembicara dan dalam hubungan dengan tingkah laku. Mereka kebanyakan menggunakan kesantunan negatif pada pendengar yang akrab dan sama sosial statusnya serta yang tidak akrab dan status sosialnya lebih rendah.

(11)

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... xiii

LIST OF TABLE ... xv

APPENDICES ... xvi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1

B. Limitation of the Study ... 2

C. Problem Statement ... 3

D. Objective of the Study... 3

E. Benefit of the Study ... 3

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Underlying Theory 1. The Notion of Pragmatic ... 4

2. Pragmatic Competence... 5

3. Interlanguage Pragmatic... 7

4. Speech Act ... 8

5. Expressive Utterance... 9

6. Apologizing Utterance ... 10

7. Types of Apologizing Strategies ... 11

(12)

xii

B. Previous Study ... 18

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Type... 23

B. Research Object ... 23

C. Data and Data Source... 23

D. Technique of Collecting Data ... 23

E. Data Validity ... 26

F. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 26

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Research Finding 1. Apologizing Strategies ... 27

2. Politeness Strategies... 54

B. Discussion 1. Apologizing Strategies ... 75

2. Politeness Strategies... 77

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 80

B. Pedagogical Implication... 82

C. Suggestion ... 82

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 84

(13)

xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MS : Minimizing Strategy

EE : Explicit Explanation

ER : Expression of Regret

OA : Offer of Apology

RF : Request for Forgiveness

OR : Offer for Repair

PF : Promise for Forbearance

AEE : Apology + Explicit Explanation

APF : Apology + Promise for Forbearance

AEP : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Promise for Forbearance

AMS : Apology + Minimizing Strategy

AEW : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Warning

AERP : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Request for Forgiveness + Promise for

Forbearance

AFA : Apology + Future Acceptance

AEF : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Future Acceptance

APFA : Apology + Promise for Forbearance + Future Acceptance

Aper : Apology + Persuade

APL : Asking for Feeling + Apology + Request for Forgiveness

EF : Explicit Explanation + Promise for Forbearance

AER : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Offer for Repair

ET : Explicit Explanation + Asking for Punishment

AOF : Apology + Offer for Repair + Promise for Forbearance

AEPP : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Promise for Forbearance + Persuade

AERF : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Request for Forgiveness

ORP : Offer for Repair + Promise for Forbearance

RE : Request for Forgiveness + Explicit Explanation

AET : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Thanking

(14)

xiv AOR : Apology + Offer for Repair

AT : Apology + Thanking

AERR : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Offer for Repair + Request for

Forgiveness

PTA : Promise for Forbearance + Thanking + Apology

ARP : Apology + Request for Forgiveness + Promise for Forbearance

AEM : Apology + Explicit Explanation + Minimizing Strategy

BR : Bald on Record

OFR : Off Record

PP : Positive Politeness

NP : Negative Politeness

Comb. EE: Combination of Explicit Explanation

Comb. ER: Combination of Expression of Regret

Comb. OR: Combination of Offer for Repair

(15)

xv

LIST OF TABLE

Table

Table 4.1.Category Classification of Discourse Completion Task (DCT)...24

Table 4.2.List of Percentage of the Appropriateness of Apologizing...75

Table 4.3.The Correlation Between Social Status and Familiarities with the Apologizing Strategies...76

Table 4.4.List of Percentage of the Appropriateness of Politeness Strategies...77

(16)

xvi

LIST OF APPENDIX