GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY EIGHT-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 MALANG

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GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY EIGHT-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 MALANG

THESIS

By:

WASIS WISNU PRATAMA 201110100311192

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY EIGHT-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

WASIS WISNU PRATAMA 201110100311192

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, all praises

given to Allah SWT for the uncountable blessing given to me during my study in

English Department of UMM and especially in completing this thesis. Shalawat is

also sent to Muhammad SAW who had delivered the truth to human beings generally and specifically for Muslim.

First of all, I would like to present the greatest gratitude to both of my advisors,

Dr, Sudiran, M.Hum. and Santi Prastiyowati, M.pd for their great contribution,

meaningful guidance, correction, suggestion, and useful feedback that have inspired me

in composing this thesis.

My greatest appreciation also goes to my parents Sidik Prawito and Sri

Mulyani who always give me supports, love, and financial supports as always. Big

thanks also goes to my younger brother Harjuna Kris Rinaldi who always gives me

support and love.

I am also thankful to all my classmates of the English Departement 2011,

especially for Febry, Udin, Ichal, Ikbal, Iymank, Ulum, and Karyok who always

encourage me. For the last, I would like to say thanks to my Jenggo (AE 4714 LD),

my sweet transportation.

Malang, November 12, 2015

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

1. Appendix 1 (Surat Keterangan)

4. Appendix 4 (Surat Keterangan) Tabel of Errors

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REFERENCES

Arikunto, S. 2002. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Artono, W. et al. 2008. English in Focus. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departement Pendidikan Nasional.

Ary, D et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education (8th Edition). Belmont: Nelson Education Ltd.

Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Brown, H.D. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

Dulay, H. et al. 1982. Language Two.New York: Oxford University Press.

Ellis, R. 1994. The study of Second Language Acquisition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Erdogan, V.2005.Contribution of Error Analysis to Foreign Language

Teaching.(Online) http://turkofoni.org/files/contribution_of_error_

analysisto_foreign_language_teaching-vac_deerdo_an-mers_n_un_2005. pdf Retrieved on January 27, 2015.

Hancock, B. 1998. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Notthingham: Trent Focus Group.

Harmenita et al. (2013) Teaching writing a descriptive text by using environmental

observation strategy. (Online)

http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/jelt/article/view/1167/988. Retrieved on Juli 23, 2015.

Harmer, J. 2001. The Practice of Language and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education Limited, Inc

Harmer, J. 2007. The Practice of Language and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education Limited, Inc.

Hasyim, S. 2002. Error Analysis in the Teaching of English.(Online) http://puslit.petra.ac.id.journals/letters. Retrieved on January 26, 2015.

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Jayanti, R. 2013. Grammatical Errors In Composing Descriptive Texts Made By English Department Students Of English For Specific Purposes (Esp) Program Class A University Of Muhammadiyah Malng Academic Year

2012-2013. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Linse, C. 2005. Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Oshima, A. et al. 2007. Introduction to Academic Writing.New York: Pearson Education.

Putri, F. Y. 2013. Students’ Errors In Using Simple Present Tense In Writing

Descriptive Texts. Journal. University of Malang.

Rahmawati, R.Y. 2012. Error Analysis on the Use of Simple Present Tense in Paper Assigment of Writing Subject Made by The Fourth Semester Students of English Departement at ATAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2011/ 2012.(Online)

http://eprints.stainsalatiga.ac.id/368/1/ERROR%20ANALYSIS%20-%20STAIN% 20SALATIGA.pdf.Retrieved on January 15, 2015

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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents some topics related to background of study, statement

of problems, purpose of study, scope and limitation, significance of study and

definition of key terms.

1.1Background of Study

The world always changes everyday. English has become famous among

people from children to adult although English is just as a foreign language for

Indonesian. If people do not want to be left behind from the changes, one of the

ways is by mastering English.

Nowdays, Indonesian’s necessity in learning English has increased because

they want to follow the changes. They really want to know and learn about the

language. Indonesia’s government give a big intention in order to improve people’s

abilities in English. One of the ways is by teaching the language from the beginning

level of education. English has been taught from elementary to university.

In teaching English, there are four skills that should be mastered by students

such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Writing is considered as difficult

skill to be learnt. Writing requires students to pay attention not only in generating

and developing ideas into a good writing but also the language components;

structure, vocabulary, and spelling. Heaton (1989: 135) explains that the writing

skills are complex and sometimes difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of

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Without understanding grammar, students will never be able to convey their

ideas in a good writing. Their writing will be disorganized and causes such

problems, like grammatical errors in writing. According to Harmer (2001: 12),

grammar is the description of the ways in which words can change their forms and

can be combined into sentences in that language. It can be sure that grammar is the

essential part as a writing guidance for students to compose their writing correctly

and to convey the meaning properly in particular written form.

Curriculum in Indonesia requires students to be able to write texts such as

descriptive text, narrative text, recount text, etc. Based on the curriculum 2013,

descriptive text is taught in eight year or eighth grade of junior high school. The

basic competence of the lesson is that students should be able to write short simple

descriptive text either verbal or written about person, animal and thing, event by

concerning on social function, text structure, and grammar contextually.

According to Artono et al (2008: 16), “A descriptive text is a text that

describes the featuresof someone, something, or a certain place”. Descriptive text

has generic structure that consists of introduction and description. Introduction is a

part of the text which introduces particular person or thing or place. In description,

the writer describes parts, qualities, characteristics of the object that he or she wants

to describe.

Based on the researcher’s experience when he underwent a teaching

internship in junior high school, there were a number of students found some

problems in writing descriptive text. They often got problems in generating their

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in composing descriptive text. While, in term of grammar, the students could not

apply the correct rules of grammar. It led students to commit errors in their writing.

Based on the previous study, Putri (2013), found that there were some

general errors that eight-grade of acceleration class students of SMPN 3 Malang

faced in learning simple present tense in writing descriptive text such as omission

errors, addition errors, misordering errors, misformation errors. The omission errors

were found as the highest of occurrence, which was about 47,05%. They were

omission of verb inflections (marker of –s/-es) and kind of error with omission

of auxiliary verbs (be). The errors with the second highest frequency of occurrence

in this study were errors of misformation. The percentage was about 45,88 %. Next,

the researcher also found some addition errors with the percentage of 4,70%. The

last was error of misordering which came up about 2,35 % of all errors.

Another researcher, Rahmawati (2012), found that there were some general

errors that fourth semester students of English Departement at STAIN Salatiga

faced in learning simple present tense such as omission errors, addition errors,

misordering errors, misinformation errors. In omission errors, there were five errors

that were found such as ommision of subject, omission of to be in the simple

present, omission of s or es in the verb form, omission of preposition, and omission

of s or es in the plural form. While in addition errors, there were four errors such as

a addition of s or es in the singular form, addition of possessive marker s, addition

of to be in the simple present tense, and addition of preposition. Based on her

research, it was found that omission became the errors that often made by the

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Facing the condition above, writing in English is not easy for students. They

may commit errors in their writing. According to Hasyim (2002: 42), errors in

foreign language teaching especially in English are the cases which are difficult

enough to avoid. If this phenomenon happens continuously, the students will fail in

learning the language. By understanding their errors, teacher will know the

problems that they face and try to analyze their weaknesses.

Based on the background of study abovementioned, the researcher is

interested in analysing the grammatical errors in writing descriptive text. This

research is conducted in the eight-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang.

1.2Statement Problems

Based on the background of the study, the researcher would like to

formulate the problems as follows:

1. What types of grammatical errors in writing descriptive text made by

eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang?

2. How is the frequency of grammatical errors in writing descriptive text made

by eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang?

1.3 Purpose of Study

Based on the statement problems, the purposes of study are stated as

follows:

1. To find out the types of grammatical errors in writing descriptive text made

by eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang.

2. To find out the frequency ofgrammatical errors in writing descriptive text

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5 1.4 Scope and Limitation

In order to give a clear description of this study, it is necessary to make the

limitation. This study is concerned on analysing grammatical errors in writing

descriptive text made by eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang. The

grammatical rules in writing descriptive textare analyzed by using Surface

Taxonomy analysis. Those errors are taken from students’ writing.

1.5 Significance of Study

It is hoped that this study will give some benefits as follows:

1. Theoritical Benefit

Theoretically,the result of this study will develop teachers’

understanding about the theory of error analysis especially in teaching

writing texts.

2. Practical Benefit

Practically, the result of this study may become a very important

reference for students and teachers as follows:

a. Teachers

It can be used as references to improve the teaching learning process for

the teachers by analyzing students’ errors in writing.

b. Students

It can be used as references to improve students’ understanding in

writing subject especially in writing descriptive text.

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1. Error is a deviation of grammatical rules in writing which happens because

of the result from the learner’s lack of knowledge of correct rules in writing.

In this study, error refers to a deviation of grammatical rules which happens

when the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang write descriptive

text.

2. Writing is process of generating, arranging and developing ideas into written

form. In this study, writing refers to descriptive text made by eighth-grade

students of SMP Negeri 11 Malang.

3. Descriptive text is a kind of English text which has a function to describe

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY EIGHT-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 MALANG