THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN COMPOSING DESCRIPTIVE
TEXTS MADE BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) PROGRAM
CLASS “A” UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
By:
Rey Rizki Tia Jayanti
09360050
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN COMPOSING DESCRIPTIVE
TEXTS MADE BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) PROGRAM
CLASS “A”
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
By:
Rey Rizki Tia Jayanti
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN COMPOSING DESCRIPTIVE
TEXTS MADE BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) PROGRAM
CLASS “A” UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements in
achieving Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
Rey Rizki Tia Jayanti
09360050
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
“Maka nikmat Tuhan kamu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan?”
(QS: Ar-Rahman 21)
“Keinginanmu kadang tak sepaham dengan keinginan Tuhan. Tapi percaya
saja,ketidaksepakatanmu hanyalah ujian.”
(Rons Imawan)
“The only way to worry about nothing is to pray about everything.”
(Anonymous)
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved mother, Darmi Andriati,
My beloved late father, Oni Anthoni Lukito,
My older sister, Do’i Foni Candra Dewi,
My younger brother, Rah Brahmono Wisnu Wismangkoro,
THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN COMPOSING DESCRIPTIVE
TEXTS MADE BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) PROGRAM
CLASS “A”
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to know what area of grammatical errors in composing descriptive texts made by English Department students of English for specific Purposes (ESP) program class “A” University of Muhammadiyah Malang academic year 2012-2013.In analyzing the grammatical errors, the writer used the theory proposed by Dulay et al. (1981) which classify the area grammatical errors into four: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering.
This study used descriptive research design. The research subject of this study consisted of 42 students. The writer used secondary data source because in collecting the data the writer did not collect them by herself.The result of the study showed that there were 349 errors made by them. Most of the area of grammatical errors they made was omission errors. The second rank was misformation errors which are consisted of three; those are regularization, archi-form, and alternating forms. And all of the students’ errors in misformation errors were alternating forms. Then, the third rank was addition errors which are also consisted of three: regularization errors, simple addition errors, and double marking errors. However, there was no double marking errors in students’ composition. And the last ranks from the students’ errors were misordering errors.
Key Words: Grammatical Errors, Descriptive Text
The Advisor 1 The writer
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, this thesis has been finished because of the
merciful and almighty Allah SWT. The purpose of doing this thesis is to fulfill one of
the requirements in achieving sarjana degree in English Department, Faculty of
TeacherTraining and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
The writer recognizes that this thesis will not be realized without
encouragement from the various parties. Therefore, the writer wants to express her
gratitude to the honorable:
1. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd as the first advisor and Drs. Imam Mahfudz as the second
advisor for their advice and guidance in accomplishing this thesis.
2. Sonny Elfiyanto, S.Pd as the English Department lecturer of English for Specific
Purpose (ESP) class A for helping the writer to get the data in this research.
3. English Department students of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) class A
academic year 2012-2013 for their cooperation in conducting the research.
4. The writer’s family especially hermother and sister for their love, care, pray, and
motivation every single day.
5. All the writer’s friends: Alfian Rizaldi, English department students class A
academic year 2009-2010, KKN Krisma 73, and others who cannot be mentioned
one by one. Thanks for all your support and help in finishing this thesis. I love
you all.
Malang, 20 October 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theory Related to Research Question ... 7
2.1.5.1 Linguistic Category ... 15
2.1.5.2 Surface Strategy Taxonomy ... 15
2.1.5.3 Comparative Taxonomy ... 17
2.1.5.4 Communicative Effect Taxonomy ... 18
2.1.6 Error Analysis ... 18
2.2 Current Literature Related to Research Question ... 22
2.2.1 “An Analysis on Grammatical Errors Made By Fourth Semester Students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Malang in Writing Narrative Paragraph” by Dian Novite (2003) ... 22
2.2.2 “Kesalahan Gramatikal Bahasa Inggris dalam Pola Kalimat Sederhana Siswa Kelas VIII Unggulan SMP Plua Al-Aqsha” by Acep Andi Suhendi (2012) ... 23
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings ... 28
4.1.1 Omission ... 29
4.1.2 Addition ... 30
4.1.3 Misformation (Error of Selection) ... 31
4.1.4 Misordering ... 33
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 36
5.2 Suggestion ... 37
5.2.1 Suggestion for the ESP Lecturers of English Department ... 37
5.2.2 Suggestion for the Students of English Department ... 37
5.2.3 Suggestion for Further Research ... 38
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ary, Donald. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education. Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.
Byrne, Dohn. 1984. Teaching writing skill. London: Longman Group ltd
Cahyono, Bambang Yudi. 1997. Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris: Teknik, Strategi, dan Hasil Penelitian. Malang: IKIP Malang Press.
Carderonello, Alice Heim and Bruce L Edwards. 1986. Roughdrafts: The Process of Writing. California: Harcourt.
Dulay, Heidi et al. 1981. Language Two. New York:Oxford University Press.
Ellis, Rod. 2003. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. New York:Oxford University Press.
Heaton, J. B. 1988. Writing English Language Test. New York: Longman Inc.
Hermawan, Asep. 2009. Penelitian Bisnis. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Kiefer, Kate. 1983. Making Writing Work: Effective Paragraph. Burr Ridge: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
lc.umm.ac.id (accessed on 1 November 2013)
McMillan, James H and Sally Schumacher. 1993. Research in Education: A conceptual Introduction. New York: HarperCollins College Publiser
Novita, Dian. 2003. An Analysis on Grammatical Errors Made by Fourth Semester Students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Malang in Writing Narrative Paragraph. Unpublished. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Nurudin. 2010. Dasar-Dasar Penulisan. Malang: UMM Press.
Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. 2007. New York:Oxford University Press.
Soeprapto, F.A and Mariana Darwis. 2007. Linked to The World 3. Jakarta: Yudhistira.
Suhendi, Acep. 2012. Kesalahan Gramatikal Bahasa Inggris dalam Pola Kalimat Sederhana Siswa Kelas VIII Unggulan SMP Plus Al-Aqsha. Unpublished. Semarang: Universitas Padjadjaran
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the background of the study,
statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significant of the study, scope and
limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of study
English is one of the languages that becomes a foreign language in Indonesia
which is taught from the kindergarten until university level in Indonesia. It shows that
English has to be mastered by all the students. Based on the curriculum, English
learning activities in Indonesia is focused on the four skills; they are listening skill,
speaking skill, reading skill and writing skill.
Listening and reading skills are called receptive skills, because when listening
and reading the person is at the receiving end of the communication channel.
Speaking and writing, on the other hand are active skills. These two skills are also
2
3
Since English is a foreign language in Indonesia, there are some difficulties
that are found by the students in writing skill. Basically, writing skill is connected
with speaking in several different ways, but it is often considered much more difficult
4
Specific Purpose (ESP) writing class because the English Department students of
UMM have writing class for the first time. In the first semester, they get reading,
speaking, and listening class and in the second semester, they get speaking, reading
and writing class. So, writing is a new thing for them and they will get some
difficulties in composing paragraphs.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of study, the researcher is intended to answer the
5
grammatical errors in their teaching learning activities. It is also hoped to make the
students aware about their grammatical errors they commonly make in composing
descriptive texts and encourage them to learn more how to make their compositions
better.
1.5 Scope and limitation
There are four kinds of text; those are descriptive, narrative, argumentative,
and expository texts. In this study, the writer does not analyze all of those texts but
focusing on descriptive text only. The purpose of descriptive text is to make the
readers see, feel, and hear what the writer has seen, felt, and heard. The writer
chooses it because sometimes someone cannot describe something well in composing
a paragraph. This study is only limited to the area of grammatical errors based on the
surface strategy taxonomy proposed by Dulay et al. (1982) that are made by English
6
3. Error is a noticeable deviation from the adult grammar of native speaker,
reflecting the interlanguage competence of the learner. (Brown in
