APPENDICES
A. The Biography of Katherine Paterson
Katherine Paterson (born October 31, 1932) is an American
author best known for children’s novels. For four different books
published 1975 to 1980, she won two Newberry Medals and two
National Book Awards. She is one of three people to win the two
major international awards: for “Lasting Contribution to Children’s
Literature”, she won the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award for
Writing in 1998. For her career contribution to “Children’s and Young
Adult Literature in the Broadest Sense”, she won the Astrid Lindgren
Memorial Award from the Swedish Arts Council in 2006, the biggest
prize in children’s literature. In 2013, Paterson won the Laura Ingalls
Early Life
She was born Katherine Womeldorf i
to Christian Missionaries George and Mary Womeldorf. Her father
was a principal at Sutton 690, a school for girls, and traveled
throughout China as part of his missionary duties. The Womeldorf
family lived in a Chinese neighborhood and immersed themselves in
Chinese culture. When Katherine was five years old, the family was
forced to leave China during the
family moved t
to China to live i
again, this time t
Paterson's first language was Chinese, and she initially
experienced difficulty reading and writing English. She overcame
these challenges and, in 1954, graduate
degree in English from
spent a year teaching at a rural elementary school in
going to graduate school. She received a Master's degree from the
she studied Bible and Christian education. Paterson had hoped to be a
missionary i
Japanese friend pushed her to go t
Paterson studied both Japanese and Chine
much of her subsequent
career in the
curriculum for fifth and sixth grade parochial students.
In 1966, she wrote the novel Who Am I ?. While continuing to write, she was unable to get any of her novels published. After being
persuaded, Paterson took an adult education course i
during which her first novel was published. Her first children's novel,
fairy tale, it is based on Paterson's studies in Japa
Terabithia was highly controversial due to some of the difficult themes. Bridge to Terabithia is among the most popular books she has written. Some of her other books also feature difficult themes such as
the death of a loved one. Katherine Paterson is currently vice-president
of the
organization that advocates for literacy, literature, and libraries.
Paterson lives in
the First Presbyterian Church. They have seven grandchildren.
On April 28, 2005, Paterson dedicated a tree in memory of
does school visits but chooses to stick to schools that are close to her
Vermont home. She is currently promoting her work and just put out a
new book entitle
book after seeing a photograph of 35 children taken on the steps of the
Old Socialist Labor Hall in Barre captioned, "Children of Lawrence
Massachusetts,
written a play version of the story
Potter Society i
In January 2010, Paterson repla
of Congress
two-year position created to raise national awareness of the importance
of lifelong literacy and education.
In January 2013, Paterson received the biennial
recognizes a living author or illustrator whose books, published in the
United States, have made "a substantial and lasting contribution to
literature for children".
Writing style
In Paterson's novels, her youthful protagonists face crises by
many other authors of young adult novels, tackles themes often
considered to be adult, such as death and jealousy. Although her
characters face dire situations, Paterson writes with compassion and
empathy. Amidst her writing of misery and strife, Paterson interlaces
her writing with wry wit and understated humor. After facing
tumultuous events, her characters prevail in triumph and redeem
themselves and their ambitions. Paterson's protagonists are usually
orphaned or estranged children with only a few friends who must face
difficult situations largely on their own. Paterson's plots may reflect
her own childhood in which she felt estranged and lonely.
Bridge to Terabithia has been adapted into film twice, the
was Paterson's son
dedication page of the novel.
Another of her novels, The Great Gilly Hopkins has been optioned by Arcady Bay Entertainment, and an upcoming 2011
B. The Summary of the Novel
Jess Aarons is an eleven-year-old boy living in a rural area of
the South who loves to run. He dreams of being the fastest boy in the
fifth grade when school starts up in the fall, feeling that this will for
once give him a chance to stand in the spotlight among his five sisters,
and might win him the attention of his preoccupied father. Jess is quite
insecure in his identity. He loves to paint and draw, but he knows very
well that this labels him a "sissy" in the eyes of most of the world,
particularly his father. In addition, his family is stretched so tight by
poverty that he has little chance to really explore his own identity
during this crucial period of adolescence. He has therefore built up the
importance of winning in his mind, feeling that here, at least, is
something that he is good at which won't win him an undesired label of
"sissy" or "girl" in the eyes of his father or schoolmates, and which
will allow him to shine in his own right. He practices each morning,
always dreaming of his upcoming victory. However, when the races
come around at recess, a new girl, Leslie Burke, who just moved next
door to Jess, boldly crosses to the boys' side of the playground and
beats everyone.
A rather unpromising beginning, but Jess and Leslie become
fast friends. They build a secret fantasyland across the creek in the
forget the rest of the world, such as the kids at school or Jess's
less-than-satisfactory family. The time they spend in Terabithia, in fact,
seems to strengthen them for these trials of everyday life: it is there
that they map out a plan of revenge on the school bully when she steals
May Belle's Twinkies, and it is there that they discuss Jess's feelings of
insecurity when Leslie begins to draw closer to her father. Leslie also
introduces Jess to the world of imagination and creativity, telling him
the stories of such classics of literatura. All this also strengthens Jess's artistic talent and ability, as Leslie supports
his ambition and, through the stories she tells, provides him with great
subject matter. But much of the time they play wonderful games of
their own invention—defeating intruders on Terabithian territory,
praying to the Spirits of the Grove to end a long spell of rain, and
numerous other fantasies.
However, Jess and Leslie's friendship, though centered in
Terabithia, is not limited to Terabithia. They see each other at school,
where they take a good deal of ribbing for their cross-gender
friendship, but by now that sort of teasing has lost the power to hurt
Jess, and Leslie has never been particularly bothered by what others
think. At home, they celebrate holidays together, such as Christmas,
when Jess gives Leslie a puppy and she gives him an expensive art set
to develop his artistic talent, and Easter, when Leslie goes to church
story of Christ. Jess and his little sister May Belle, cowed by negative
and unforgiving religious training, are convinced that nonbelievers
such as Leslie are doomed to hell, and find the whole experience
disturbing. Nevertheless, Jess and Leslie remain the best of friends,
and Jess finds a purpose in his life through Leslie's company that he's
never had before.
One day the music teacher at school, Miss Edmunds, whom
Jess has long had a crush on, invites him to spend a day with her
touring the art galleries in Washington. This trip does much to expand
his mind and make him feel as if he is special, a feeling he has
previously only had in Leslie's company. Jess has a perfect day, but
when he gets home he is told that Leslie drowned in the creek that
morning trying to swing into Terabithia on the rope that they used for
that purpose. Jess is completely devastated and goes through the stages
of grief—denial, anger, fear, and sorrow—all incredibly painful to
suffer and, indeed, to read about. Initially, he does not see how he is to
go on initially. Leslie has raised him to new heights as the king of
Terabithia, and now he feels that without her, he has no choice but to
revert to the old Jess, plagued by fear and insecurity. However,
eventually he realizes that he can only keep Leslie's memory, and his
own newfound sense of self, alive by continuing the fantasy of
Terabithia. He brings his little sister May Belle there and makes her its
REFERENCES
Gray, Martin 1985. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. Hong Kong : Longman York Press.
Kennedy, X. J. 1956. An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. London : Harper Collins Publisher.
Paterson, Katherine. 1977. Bridge to Terabithia. New York : Harper Trophy. V. Roberts, Edgar and Henry E. Jacobs. 1987. Literature : An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New York : Prentice-Hall Inc.
Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. 1977. Theory of Literature. New York : A Harvest Books.
3. THE ANALYSIS OF FANTASTIC IMAGINATION OF JESS AND LESLIE IN TERABITHIA
3.1 Fantastic Imagination of Jess and Leslie in Terabithia World
The most fantastic experinces by Jess and Lestie in Terabithia
world were: (a) swinging to Terabithia with a rope, (b) building a castle to
stay in Terabithia, (c) finding Terabithia’s creatures, (d) battling the
wicked creatures in Terabithia, and (e) Jess became the King of Terabithia.
The first imaginative experience by Jess and Lestie was to
swing to “Terabithia” with a rope and it was started when they spent the
shiny day of autumn after school by running from a bus stop to a small
river near the forest, then Leslie tried to swing on the old rope hung on a
tree near the river. Leslie began to imagine and invited Jess to try
swinging on the rope. When Jess was swinging, he bent his body back as
feeling a bit freedom, she looked at the bright colorful sky. When she went
to swing with the rope, she also flew like lazy-big-white cloud, stepped
back and forth over the blue sky. It can be seen from quotation below :
“They took turns swinging across the gully on the rope. It
was a glorious autumn day, and if you looked up as you
swung, it gave you the feeling of floating. Jess leaned back
and drank in the rich, clear color of the sky. He was drifting,
drifting like a fat white lazy cloud back and forth across the
Leslie said that they needed only a place for themselves, far
away from the real world and known only by both of them, a confidential
place like a secret country where they became the rulers of the country. It
can be seen from quotation below :
“We need a place,” she said, “just for us. It would be so
secret that we would never tell anyone in the whole world
about it.” Jess came swinging back and dragged his feet to
stop. She lowered her voice almost to a whisper. “It might be
a whole secret country,” she continued, “and you and I would
be the rulers of it.” (Paterson, 1977:49)
The second imaginative experience of Jess and Leslie was
when they decided to across the river by swinging on the rope and went to
a forest beside the river. In the forest, they decided to build “a castle”
located near the river which they acrossed brightly, Jess disliked the dark
place in the forest because it made her like in the depth of water. It can be
seen from quoted conversation between Jess and Leslie as follows:
There were parts of woods that Jess did not like, Dark places
where it was almost like being underwater, but he didn’t say
so. “I know” –she was getting excited- “it could be a magic
country like Narnia, and the only way you can get in is by
swinging across on this enchanted rope.” Her eyes were
bright. She grabbed the rope. “Come on,” she said. Let’s find
Leslie gave name their secret place “Terabithia”. It was one of
another imagination from a child who gave name for the new-visiting
place. Leslie got inspiration to give the name “Terabithia” from a fairy tale
Narnia and invited Jess imagined by borrowing her books about country
Narnia. “Leslie named their secret land “Terabithia,” and she loaned Jess
all of her books about Narnia, so he would know how things went in a
magic kingdom. (Paterson, 1977:51)
The third imaginative experience of Jess and Leslie was when
Jess and Leslie found creatures in Terabithia like within their imagination,
“Terabithian”, The Giant Troll. Leslie found the Giant Troll based on their
imagination about their schoolmate, Janice Avery, this seventh grader
which had obesity liked to disturb his unpleasant friends, mainly his junior
graders, like Jess, Leslie, and May Belle. Firstly, Jess unpurposely found
footprint of the Giant Troll, then Leslie said they needed a hunter Troll to
find the creatures. Then they brought Leslie’s dog, Prince Terrien to help
them finding the Giant Troll by sniffing his footprint around Terabithia.
Finally, their investigation ended, firstly they found a heap of leaves
slowly changed into a giant looked like their friend, Janice Avery, and
certainly the thing happened only in their imagination. Then Leslie gave
name the creature the Giant Troll. Their imaginative adventures still continued to interact with the Giant Troll which firstly guessed as wicked
The fourth fantastic imaginative experience by Jess and Leslie
was when they imagined to battle with wicked creature in Terabithia. One
day, they went to Terabithia after one month not to visit Terabithia
together, and also brought Leslie’s dog, Prince Terrien, they went back to
Terabithia and imagined to battle with wicked creature in Terabithia. See
this quoted conversation between Jess and Leslie as follows:
“We must have courage, my king. It may indeed be so. “They
swung silently across the creek bed. On the farther bank,
Leslie picked up two sticks. “Thy sword, sire,” she
whispered. Jess nodded. They hunched down and crept
coward the stronghold like police detectives on TV. “Hey,
queen! Watch Out! Behind you!” (Paterson, 1977:90)
Then they also continued to imagine battling the wicked
creature in Terabithia until they won it in the ending. Imagination
experienced by these both children was very fantastic, even though they
were still young but they dared to battle with imaginative wicked creature
in the world “Terabithia” and finally they won and “Terabithia” was
conducive anymore. It can be seen from quotation below :
“They have sounded the retreat!” the brave queen cried.
“Yey!” “Drive them out utterly, so they may never return and
prey upon our people” he said. “Out you go! Out! Out!” All
the way to the creek bed, they forced the enemy back,
sweating under their winter jackets. “At last. Terabithia is
Furthermore, the fifth fantastic imaginative experience in
Terabithia was Leslie inaugurated Jess as the King of Terabithia. It can be
seen from quotation below :
Leslie’s eyes were sparkling. “Arise” –she barely swallowed
a giggle-“arise, king of Terabithia, and let us proceed into
our kingdom.” The king of Terabithia snuffled and wiped his
face on the back of his hand. “I will arise,” he replied with
dignity, “when thou removes this fool dog off my gut.” Jess
nooded. (Paterson, 1977:115)
From the fifth fantastic imaginative experiences in Terabithia
by Jess and Leslie above can be concluded that “Terabithia” was not only
an ordinary place, because when Jess and Leslie began their imagination,
“Terabithia” would change into a full magic place as if it would come
true, such as swinging to Terabithia with a rope, building a castle to stay in
Terabithia, finding a Terabithian creature, battling a wicked creature in
Terabithia, and Jess became a King of Terabithia.
3.2 The Effect of Terabithia for Jess and Leslie
Jess and Leslie realized that Terabithia was not ordinary place,
but they could also find many moral lessons to break their fear and
appreciating friendship. It can be seen from quotation below :
Leslie took a deep breath. “This is not an ordinary place,” she
times of greatest sorrow or of greatest joy. We must strive to
keep it sacred. It would not do to disturb the Spirits. He
nodded, and without speaking, they went back to the creek
bank where they shared together a solemn meal of crackers
and dried fruit. (Paterson, 1977:60)
“Terabithia” had given significant effects for Jess and Leslie to
motivate them facing their daily life through the story that they
experienced, they are : (1) Jess got inspiration to write a poem, (2) Jess
and Leslie felt higher, stronger, and confident-self when they came to
“Terabithia”, (3) the biggest effect for Jess was she could build a bridge to
“Terabithia” as a symbol of the return of Jess’s spirit after Leslie’s death.
The first effect of “Terabithia” was Jess got inspiration to
begin her poem writing. One day Leslie challenged Jess to describe
“Terabithia” into beautiful words in her poem. At the time Jess could not
write a poem, but when she was on one of the tree in “Terabithia” she got
inspiration to write poem as she saw a shadow from the castle they built as
if everything was able to do. It can be seen from quotation below :
“You should draw a picture of Terabithia for us to hang in the
castle,” Leslie said. “I can’t,” Jess said. How could he explain
it in a way Leslie would understand. “I just can’t get the
poetry of the trees,” he said. She nodded. “Don’t worry,” she
said. “You will someday.” He believed her because there in
the shadowy light of the stronghold everything seemed
Furthermore, The second effect of “Terabithia” with Jess and
Leslie was Jess and Leslie felt higher, stronger, and self-confident when
they came to “Terabithia”. Whenever they came to “Terabithia” from
started swinging on the rope until stepped on the castle, they would feel
greater magic powers which made them higher, stronger personality, and
more confident. It happened whenever they came to “Terabithia”. It can be
seen from quotation below :
“Terabithia was their secret, which was a good thing, for how
could Jess have ever explained it to an outsider? Just walking
down the hill toward the woods made something warm and
liquid steal through his body. The closer he came to the dry
creek bed and the crab apple tree rope the more he could feel
the beating of his heart. He grabbed the end of the rope and
swung out toward the other bank with a kind of wild
exhilaration and landed gently on his feet, taller and stronger
and wiser in that mysterious land.” (Paterson, 2006:59)
The third effect of “Terabithia” was the biggest effect for Jess.
Jess built a bridge to Terabithia as a symbol of the return of Jess’s spirit
after Leslie’s death.
Terabithia did not only influence as Jess and Leslie played
together, even after Leslie’s death because she was sunk in the river where
they usually played, Terabithia also influenced for Jess. The stories which
happened to them in Terabithia made Jess realized that he might not be sad
after Leslie’s death. Jess also kept her spirit by building a bridge to
time by crossing her bridge. Furthermore, Jess introduced Terabithia to
May Belle and said that Terabithia had a new queen namely her sister,
May Belle. It can be seen from quotation below :
“Shh, Look” he said. “Where ?” Maybelle said. “Can’t you
see ‘um?” he whispered. “All the Terabithians standing on
tiptoe to see you.” “Me?” she said. “Shh, yes. There’s rumor
going around that the beautiful girl arriving today might be
the beautiful girl arriving today might be the queen they’ve
been waiting for.” (Paterson, 1977:163)
From the three effects of Terabithia by Jess and Leslie above, it
is concluded that the experiences that they had in Terabithia gave the
positive effects to Jess and Leslie, not only when they were in Terabithia,
but also when they did their daily life, like braver and more confident
personality. Even after the death of their friend, Leslie, Terabithia still
gave good influence to Jess and her sister, May Belle, to keep imagining it.
By returning of Jess’s new spirit to continue his imagination in Terabithia
even without Leslie proved that Terabithia gave big influences to everyone
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion
In this novel, Katherine Paterson as the writer showed that
imaginative experiences described in this novel gave positive effects to
Jess and Leslie to face their fear within themselves and to encaourage
spirit, power, and self-confident to face the real world.
After analyzing this novel with five fantastic imaginations in Terabithia
experienced by Jess and Leslie and three effects of Terabithia for Jess and
Leslie, it can prove that fantastic imaginations in Terabithia experienced
by Jess and Leslie in novel “Bridge to Terabithia” showed that Terabithia
was not an ordinary place, because it had magic power to reach
imaginations of people who visited the world Terabithia. Furthermore,
Terabithia could give good effects for Jess and Leslie, even anyone who
involved.
4.2 Suggestion
Novel is one of literary works. Therefore, before reading a novel,
we had better understand about literature first. Novel has six important
elements , such as plot, character, theme, point of view, and figure of
speech to form a story connected each another. These elements are very
important to learn, so the reader can understand about the story in the
novel and the important point in the novel. Therefore, the writer hopes the
well. .“Bridge to Terabithia” is the best reading. Novel, which has won
many awards like Jhon Newberry Medal Awards, told about a story of two children had the most fantastic imaginative experiences in a place called as
“Terabithia”
This novel showed that we can imagine freely, because from
imagination we can dream and dream can come true with any effort, work
hard, and self confident. This novel also educates about appreciating
friendship and family, facing fear bravely, and taking the moral message
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Novel
Novel is a fictional long prose. According to Edgar V.Roberts and
Henry E. Jacobs (1987:49) novel was borrowed from French and Italian to
describe these works and to distinguish them from medieval and classical
romances as something that was new. In their books, they also said that
there are four fiction aspects, fictional works consist of common elements,
they are character, plot, structure, and theme. Nowadays, along with poetry
and drama, the novel forms the third in the trio of major genres. The
category is as wide as ‘poetry’: novels are long prose fictions, including
every kind of plot (tragic,comic), all styles and manners of dealing with
their material (from the satiric to the rhapsodic) and showing a capacity to
cover every imaginable subject matter from all points of view. It ranges
from the popular thriller to the most esoteric literary artifice. Its capacity to
absorb other literary styles, its freedom to develop in any direction and its
flexibilities have made the novel the major modern literary form. This
all-encompassing quality makes accurate or helpful definition impossible. A
novel is a fictional long prose that there are has four aspects, fictional
novel works consist of common elements, they are character, plot,
2.2 Theme
Theme is the main point or idea that a writer of an essay asserts
and illustrates. Theme, according to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs
(1987:53) in fiction, ideas takes the form of an underlying theme or central
idea, which helps to tie the work together. An integrated theme needs a
main idea, which is stated in existence of the idea in the plot of story.
Basically, a writer of literary works will begin a main idea, which is served
in the plot of story. In the main idea can be inserted by some additional
supporting ideas, and finally all the ideas are connected into an integrated
literary work. The process of determining and describing the themes or
ideas in stories is probably never completed; there is always another theme
that we may discuss. Theme is the abstract subject of work; its central idea
or ideas, which may or may not be explicit or obvious.
2.3 Plot
Plot is the plan or groundwork for a story, with the actions
resulting from believable and authentic human responses to a conflict, it is
causation, conflict, response, opposition, and interaction that make a plot
out of series of actions. According to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E.
Jacobs (1987:88), stories are made up mostly of actions or incidents that
follow each other sequentially. Finding a sequential or narrative order,
however, is only the first step forward the more important consideration-
well-done story, all the actions or incidents, speeches thoughts, and
observations are linked together to make up an entirety, sometimes called
an organic unity. The essence of this unity is the development and
resolution of a conflict-or conflicts-in which the protagonist, or central
character, is engaged. The pattern in which the protagonist meets and
resolves the conflict is called plot, which has been compared to the story’s
map, scheme, or blueprint. The plot is based on the interactions of causes
and effects they develop sequentially or chronologically. That is, the
story’s actions follow one another in time as the protagonist meets and
tries to overcome the forces of opposition.
2.4 Character
The character is natural facsimile from the human with all the good
and bad traits of being human. The characters in a story are the characters
involved from the beginning until the ending part of the story. Edgar V.
Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1995:51) says that a story is usually
concerned with a major problem that a character must face. This may
involve interaction with another character in a difficult situation, or with
an idea or general circumstances that force actions. The character may
win, lose, or tie. He or she can learn and be the better for the experience or
may miss the point and be unchanged. In their book, they also said that
the character is an extended verbal representation of a human being, the
2.5 Structure
The structure is an arrangement and placement of words in a work.
According to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1987:53), structure
refers to the way a plot is assembled. Chronologically, all stories are
similar because they all move from beginning to end in accord with the
time it takes for causes to produce effects. But authors choose many
different ways to develop their plots. While some stories are told in
chronological orders, others may get pieced together through
out-of-sequence and widely separated episodes, speeches, remembrances, dreams,
nightmares, periods of delirium, fragments of letter, overheard
conversations, and the like. In dealing with structure, therefore, we deal
with the arrangement and development of individual stories. Usually we
study an entire story, but we may also direct our attention toward a
smaller aspect of arrangement.
2.6 Intrinsic Approach
Basically an approach consist of two types. They are the instrinsic
approach and the extrinsic approach. The intrinsic approach was
originally written by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their book
“Theory of Literature”. Rene Wellek introduced his instrinsic approach,
which essentially is a study of literary work based on analyzing the
internal elements that build that work. According to Wellek (1956:332)
interpretation and analysis of the works of literary themselves. After all,
only the works themselves justify all our interest in the life of an author,
in his social environment, and the whole process of literature. Wellek’s
opinion is that the study of literature naturally needs to be started from the
analysis of the literary work itself because then it would enable us to
identify he many aspects that built that work. Wellek further explained by
introducing elements that from the foundation of a literary work, plot,
setting, theme, character, point of view, and style. By analyzing these
elements, a student could comprehend the work by figuring out how the
story flows, where the story is set, how the characters act and think.
Although so many of elements of novel, the writer just pick three of that
all. Three elements discussed are plot, setting and theme. Three of element
enough describe clear detail about a short happy moment of Charlie’s life.
Element of plot, setting and theme summarized at describe about character
in the same time. Intrinsic approach takes part from the literary work
itself. Intrinsic approach emphasizes the analysis inter text by describing
the elements of the prose that explained before. Intrinsic approach
applied by the writer in order to show the elements of the novel. Parts of
elements of the prose are characters, plot, setting, theme, and point of
view. This research uses those elements of prose because those elements
are related. Wellek and Warren (1956: 139) in their book “Theory of
Literature” said that intrinsic approach are being introduced based on a
that the main part of intrinsic approach is based on the text of literary
works itself by doing an interpretation and analysis of it (1956:139). While
definition of extrinsic approach which was originally written by Rene
Wellek and Austin Warren in their book “Theory of Literature” too. Rene
Wellek introduced his extrinsic approach such as biography, psychology,
social milieu, ideas, and other arts. This is opposed elements intrinsic to a
study work, which explored in section. They write that research into
extrinsic elements often results in an attempt to establish some casuality
between the extrinsic elements and a study of work. Wellek and warren
describe three views of a biographical approach, of which only one the
biographical aspects relating to the production of a work. They reject the
views that works accurately reflect the author’s life or that the author’s life
must be understood in order to understand a particular work. According to
Wellek and Warren, works may indeed reflect the authors experiences, but
they must also reflect an author’s hopes and dreams, or literary tradition
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays, many childrens are playing without using their
imagination, especially chidrens in the city. They are only playing with
“instant game” which can use without imagination, such as games in
computer or online games. Very different with old generation, like
childrens at year seventy’s generation should use their imagination to
create and playing a game because there was no technology to create a
game at that time. For example, childrens at year seventy’s generation play
with their imagination to build a house.
Similarly to the story in “Bridge to Terabithia” novel by Katherine
Paterson, there are two student in fifth grade, Jess and Leslie whose
playing in a secret fantasyland across the creek in the woods, called
Terabithia where they play all the time with their imagination.
The writer has chosen the “Fantastic Imagination” words because
of Jess’s and Leslie’s imagination which very fantastic, they are: (a)
swinging to Terabithia with a rope, (b) building a castle to stay in Terabithia, (c)
finding Terabithia’s creatures, (d) battling the wicked creatures in Terabithia, and
(e) Jess became the King of Terabithia.
That fantastic imagination experienced by Jess and Leslie in a
autumn, late 1970s in Lark Creek, a rural area in the South. Unfortunately,
in the late summer, Leslie was dead because drowned in the creek by
devastated and goes through the stages of grief, denial, anger, fear, and
sorrow. Then, Jess build a bridge by his own self to Terabithia that he will
presented to his little sister, May Belle. After that bridge which made by
piles of wood and twigs was finished, he brings May Belle there and invite
her to imaginating and makes her become new queen of Terabithia,
assuring that a part of Leslie will live on as well. That was exciting story
that make the author excited to analyze this novel.
Prose, according to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs
(1987:1705) is imaginative prose narratives (short stories and novels) that
focus on one or a few characters who undergo a change or development as
they interact with other characters and deal with their problems.
Prose, according to Martin Gray (1985:166) is any language that is
not made patterned by regularity of some kind of metre. Prose is capable
of infinite variety, from the most exquisite and exact description, to the
interrupted inarticulacy of everyday speech, from the lush emotive passion
of a syrupy love story to the clear directness of a scientific report. Martin
Gray (1985:140) says that Novel is a long prose fiction almost always
concentrating on a character and incident, and usually containing a plot.
Novel, according to X.J Kennedy in his book An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (1956:7) says that there are six aspects of novel, they are: plot (the development and organization of stories),
theme (the meaning and message in novel), point of view (the position or
stance of the narrator), and stytle (the words that tell the story).
The writer uses “intrinsic approaches” by Wellek and Warren
(1956:24) which is take all the informations from the text, the steps are: (a)
Reading the text carefully, (b) Sequencing informations of : plot,
character, background, theme and actions, (c) Summarizing from that
informations.
The writer use “library research” method, there is collecting the
informations from books in library and searching the informations from
internet by collecting, sequencing and summarizing the data.
1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the analysis, the problem of the study
may be recognized as follows :
• How Jess and Leslie have the fantastic imagination in Terabithia
world ?
• Why Terabithia be affected to Jess and Leslie ?
1.3 Scope of the Study
In this novel, the writer finds that the imagination of Jess and
Leslie are very fantastic and interesting to be analyzed. In this paper, the
fantastic imagination in Terabithia and why Terabithia be affected to Jess
and Leslie.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
In writing this paper, the purpose of this study is as in the
following :
• To find out the process of Jess and Leslie have the fantastic
imagination in Terabithia
• To find out whats the effect of Terabithia for Jess and Leslie
1.5 Significance of the Study
The significance of this paper is to enrich the understanding on
literary works and it can improve the students to more interest in studying
and enrich about literature and also increased the habit for reading among
the young people.
1.6 Method of the Study
The writer uses the work of the library method, which is the first
stage is reading the whole story in this novel to understand the story. The
second stage is to sort the data that has been collected. The final stage is to
analyze such data by connecting it with the story of the novel. The writer
also uses intrinsic approach which is the approach taken the data from the
1.7 Reason for Choosing the Topic
The writer has chosen Katherine Paterson’s novel Bridge to Terabithia as the subject of this paper because the writer interested in Jess’s and Leslie’s imagination in Terabithia which is very fantastic. In
this novel we get the moral messages, about family, friendship, and face
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Fantastic Imagination of Jess and Leslie in
Terabithia in Katherine Paterson’s Novel “Bridge to Terabithia”. Penulis tertarik membahas tentang pengalaman imajinasi fantastis yang dialami Jess dan Leslie di dunia “Terabithia”. Karya tulis ini membahas tentang pengalaman imajinasi yang fantastis pada dua orang anak yaitu Jess dan Leslie di dunia “Terabithia” dimulai dari masuk ke “Terabithia” dengan berayun di sebuah tali, berimajinasi di
THE FANTASTIC IMAGINATION OF JESS AND LESLIE
IN TERABITHIA IN KATHERINE PATERSON’S NOVEL
“BRIDGE TO TERABITHIA”
A PAPER
WRITTEN
BY
TRIA ANINDI LUBIS
REG. NO 102202045
DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
It has been proved by Supervisor,
NIP. 19490423197412 2 001
Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip. Appl. Ling., M. Hum
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001
Dr. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M. A.
Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III Examination of the Diploma III English
Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.
The examination is held on July 2013
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
Dean,
NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M. A.
Board of Examiners Signature
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)
AUTHOR'S DECLARATION
I am, TRIA ANINDI LUBIS declare that I am the sole author of this paper.
Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no
material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by
which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main
text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another
degree in any tertiary education.
Signed : ...……….……….
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : TRIA ANINDI LUBIS
Title of Paper : The Fantastic Imagination of Jess and Leslie in
Terabithia in Katherine Paterson’s Novel “Bridge
to Terabithia”
Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion
of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Culture Studies
USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law
of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed : ….………..
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Fantastic Imagination of Jess and Leslie in
Terabithia in Katherine Paterson’s Novel “Bridge to Terabithia”. Penulis tertarik membahas tentang pengalaman imajinasi fantastis yang dialami Jess dan Leslie di dunia “Terabithia”. Karya tulis ini membahas tentang pengalaman imajinasi yang fantastis pada dua orang anak yaitu Jess dan Leslie di dunia “Terabithia” dimulai dari masuk ke “Terabithia” dengan berayun di sebuah tali, berimajinasi di
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almightly God,
Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to
accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III
certrificate from English Department Faculty of Culture Study, University
of Sumatera Utara.
In this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to the
Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies Dr.Syahron Lubis M.A and the Head of English Department Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
Furthermore, I would like to express my special gratitude to my
supervisor Dra. Redita Lubis, Dipl.App.Ling., M.Hum for her time, advice, and guidance to correct this paper during the process of writing,
and I would like to thank to my reader Dra. Nur Cahaya Bangun, M.Si
for the valuable time in giving correction and constructive critics in
completing this paper.
Then, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love and
appreciation to both of my parents H. Zaidi and Hj. Khazleini who grow me up, guide and take care of me, I present this paper for you. Thank you
Furthermore, to my best friends in Senior High School, thanks for
all of your supports and all of the sweet and crazy moments in our
unforgettable school, Pipin Maharani (Empin), Erna Soenardi
(Ermewek), Tri Yudha Amelia (Yudong), and Sri Muriany Asiah
(Celik) I miss you, guys.
Then, I would like to say thank you to my lovely dorky crazy best
friends in Diploma III English study program, CUNERS, Aya Syarifah
(Tajem), Annisa Fatiah (Nicut), Rizki (Pidok), Rima Firgi Yani (Imin),
Abun Fauzi Saragih (Cacang) Thanks for all of your support, I’m gonna miss our crazy moments with you guys, We are never getting old!
And then thanks to Batman Genk for another colorful days,
Mahyar, Andrian Yayan, Angga, Dani, Rahmad, Yojek, Rio, Aprot. And thanks to all of my beloved classmates and my Diploma III English
study program’s organization, SOLIDAS.
The last but not least, I would like to thank to my new family in
STM Family, brother Bembeng (anak gadis), brother Dimar (Benji), brother Fadli (Menyang), Rudi (adek), Kidok (Ketua), Lilis (Ratu Sunda), Eki (Gembala), brother Kacang and brother Dani, thank you for all of the extremely experiences, thanks for helps me to have more courage
and make one of my dreams come true. Let’s make another extremely
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, I welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this
paper.
Medan, 2013
The writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of Study 1
1.2Problem of Study 3
1.3Scope of Study 3
1.4Purpose of Study 4
1.5The Significance of Study 4
1.6Method of Study 4
1.7 Reason for Choosing the Topic 5
2. REVIEW AND RELATED OF LITERATURE
2.1Novel 6
2.2Theme 7
2.3Plot 7
2.4Character 8
2.5Structure 9
2.6 Intrinsic Approach 9
3. THE ANALYSIS OF FANTASTIC IMAGINATION OF JESS AND LESLIE IN TERABITHIA
3.1 Fantastic Imagination of Jess and Leslie in Terabithia World...12 3.2 The Effect of Terabithia for Jess and Leslie 16
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion 20
4.2 Suggestion 20
REFERENCES 22
APPENDICES
A.Biography of Emily Giffin 23
