]›n-a-L´w
{]tXy-I-]-Xn∏v
2012 \hw-_¿
22
bp-s\-kv-tIm-bp-sS
thƒUv- sl-dn-t‰-Pv ]-≤-Xn (WHP) C-¥y-°v ]p-Xp-a-b-√. ss]-XrI ]-Z-hn e-`n-® 23 kmwkvIm-cnI tI{µ-ßfpw Bdv ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-tZ-i-ß-fpw C-t∏m-ƒ-Ø-s∂ C-¥y-bn-ep-≠v. 36˛m-a-Xv thƒUv sl-dn-t‰-Pv I-Ω-‰n (WHC) 2012 Pq¨ 24 ap-X¬ Pq-sse 6 h-sc djy-bnse sk‚ v-]o-t‰-gv-kv _-¿§n-¬ tbm-Kw tN¿-∂v, ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-\pw ta¬∏-d-™ ]-Z-hn \¬Ip-hm-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-‰v 34 C-S-ß-sf km-[y-Xm-en-Ãn-epw D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.2006-em-Wv ]-›n-a-L-´-sØ th-ƒ-Uv sl-dn-t‰-Pv ]-Z-hn-°m-bp-≈ km-[y-Xm-en-Ãn-¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. h-Ip-∏v 7 (A-Xp-ey-hpw A-tß-b-‰w kp-µ-c-hp-am-b {]-Ir-Xn {]-Xn-`m-k-sØ kw-_-‘n-®p-≈ h-Ip-∏v), am-\-Z-fiw 10 (G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-s∏-´, h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw ssP-h ssh-hn-[y-ap-≈, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-kw-c-£-W im-kv-{X-a-\p-k-cn-®v B-tKm-f -{]m-[m-\y-ap-≈ B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-sb kw-_-‘n-®-Xv) {]-Im-c-am-Wv ]-›n-a-L-´-sØ th-ƒUv sl-dn-t‰-Pv ]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. F-∂m¬ WHC -bp-sS D-]-tZ-i-I k-an-Xn-bm-b IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) C-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°mbn I-¿Æm-S-I k-µ¿-in-®-t∏mƒ i-‡-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[ {]-I-S-\-ß-sf A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n h-∂p. C-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿∂v-, {]m-tZ-in-I k-aq-l-hp-am-bp-≈ A-¿∞hØm-b kl-I-c-W-Øn-s‚- B-h-iyw ap-≥\ndp-Øn, ]-›n-a-L-´-sØ WHP-bn¬ D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv am-‰n-sh-°p-hm≥ IUCN 2011 sa-bn¬ \n-¿t±-in-®p. tI-c-f-Øn-se-bpw X-an-gv-\m-´n-se-bpw I¿Æm-S-IØnte-X-an-gv-\m-´n-se-bpw Iptd B-Zn-hm-kn kw-L-S-\-Iƒ, {]-k-‡-am-b hn-h-c-߃ WHC X-߃°p- ssI-am-dm-Ø-Xn-\pw, am-bn Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N \-S-Øp-I-tbm
X-ß-fp-]›n-a-L´w:
BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ
2012 Pq-em-bn¬ d-jy-bn-se sk‚ v]o-t‰-gv-kv-_¿-Kn¬ \-S-∂ thƒ-Uv
sl-dn-t‰Pv I-Ω-‰n-bp-sS tbm-Kw ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-\v tem-I ss]-Xr-I-]-Z-hn
\¬-In. A-]q¿-∆-hpw k-º-∂-hp-am-b k-ky, ssP-h ssh-hn-[yw
]-cn-K-Wn-®m-Wv ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-\v tem-I-ss]-Xr-I-]-Z-hn e-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
F-∂m¬ ]›n-a-L-´-Øn-s‚ a-s‰m-cp ss]-Xr-I-am-b B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS
]-e A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw \n-tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv C-¥y thƒ-Uv sl-dn-t‰-Pv
I-Ω-‰n-bn¬ \n-∂pw ss]-Xr-I-]-Z-hn t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. B-Zn-hm-kn
k-aq-l-ß-fp-sS F-Xn¿-∏p-I-sf-bpw B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS B-h-iy-߃
]-cn-K-Wn-®v Xo-cp-am-\w \o-´n-h-bv-°-W-sa-∂
IUCN ( International Union
for Conservation of Nature)
ip-]m¿-i-tb-bpw X-≈n-°-f-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv
]›na-L-´w ss]-Xr-I {]-tZ-i-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
kn.B-¿. _n-tPm-bv
Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´
BZn-hmkn ss]Xr-Iw
]cn-`mj:
sS Aw-Ko-Im-cw tX-Sp-I-tbm sN-øm-Ø-Xn-\p-sa-Xn-sc H-cp kw-bp-‡ {]-kv-Xm-h-\ sF-Iy-cm-{„-k-`-bp-sS B-Zn-hm-kn {]-iv-\-߃-°m-bp-≈ ÿn-cw k-an-Xn-bn¬ (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - UNPFII)2011 sa-bn¬ k-a¿-∏n°p-bp-ap-≠mbn. F-∂m-¬ C-¥y IUCN ip-]m¿iI-sf X-≈n-°-f-bm≥ B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw WHC sb kzm-[o-\n-®v, 2011 Pq¨ 21\p-≈ A-h-cp-sS tbm-K-Øn-s‚ A-P-≠-bn¬ ]-≤-Xn Aw-Ko-Im-c-Øn-\p-≈ \n-¿t±-iw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬ ]-≤-Xn-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v th-sd-bpw H-cp-]m-Sv Im-cy-߃ N-¿-® sN-tø-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. \n-›n-X sl-dn-t‰-Pv ÿ-e-Øn-s‚ hn-kv-Xr-Xn, k-¶o¿-Æ-X-Iƒ, km-[yX, A-\p-tbm-Py-X F-∂n-ß-s\Xp-S-ßn ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS Kp-W-tZm-j-ß-ƒ t\-cn-´v A-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-h-cp-sS {iv-\-߃, ≤-Xn-bn¬ A-h-¿°p-≈ ]-¶v, ]-¶m-fn-Ø `-c-W-km-[y-X F-∂n-h-bpw A-h-bn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Spw. C-Xp-Iq-Sm-sX, WHCC-¥y-bp-sS ]-cn-ÿn-Xn- h-\-a-{¥m-e-bw \n-tbm-Kn-® ]-›n-a-L-´ ]-cn-ÿn-Xn hn-Z-Kv-[-k-an-Xn (WGEEP) bp-sS \n-¿t±-i-ß-ƒ {]-tXy-Iw ]-cn-K-Wn-°-W-sa-∂v C-¥y-tbm-Sv B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. hn-Z-Kv-[-k-an-Xn 2011 B-K-Ãv 31\v k-a¿-∏n-® dn-t∏m¿-´v A-\p-k-cn-®v:
-˛ ]q¿-Æam-bpw k¿-°m¿ \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-¬ {]-Ir-Xn kw-c-£-Ww \-S-Øp-∂-Xv i-cn-b-√.
˛ X-t±-io-b P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw, ]-©m-b-Øn-s‚-bpw \n-¿-tZ-i-߃ `-c-W-\n-¿hl-W L-´-Øn¬ B-h-iy-ap-≠v.
˛ C-t∏m-g-sØ \n-e-bn-¬ X-t±-io-b k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ]-¶v ]-cn-an-X-am-Wv
˛ h-\m-h-Im-i \nbaw Cu ta-J-e-bn-¬ \-S-∏m-°n-bn-´n-√.
-˛ `m-hn-bn-se h-\-`-c-W-Øn-\v h-\m-h-Im-i \n-b-aw B-h-iy-am-Wv.
B-Zn-hm-kn {]-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS s]m-Xp-kv-Xm-h-\-bn¬ D-∂-bn-®n-´p-≈ Im-cy-߃ h-f-sc {]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xpw B-flm-¿∞-hp-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ A-h¿ Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-® {]-iv-\-ß-sf-sbm-∂pw kv-]-¿in-°m-sX-bpw ]-›n-a-L-´ ]-cn-ÿn-Xn hn-Z-Kv-[-k-an-Xn \n-¿t±i-߃ ]q¿Æ-am-bpw A-h-K-Wn-®v sIm-≠pw C-¥y 2012 P-\p-h-cn-bn¬ a-dp-]-Sn t_m-[n-∏n-®p.
C-¥y-bp-sS Cu {]-Xn-I-c-Ww IUCN ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bpw dn-t∏m-¿-´n¬ Xr-]v-X-cm-hm-sX, tem-I-ss]-Xr-I C-S-am-°p-hm-\p-≈ t\m-an-t\-j-\v am-‰n-sh-°-W-sa-∂v H-cn-°-¬ Iq-Sn ip-]m¿i sN-bv-Xp. B-Zn-hm-kn kw-L-S-\-I-ƒ ho-≠pw X-ß-fp-sS A-h-Im-i \n-tj-[-Øn-s\-Xn-sc
sF-Iy-cm-{„-k-`-bn¬ ]-cm-Xn t_m-[n-∏n-®p. ¿±n-jvS ¿t±iw \n-e-hn-ep-≈ \n-b-a-߃-°v X-s∂ \n-c-°m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂pw 2012 sa-bv am-k-Øn-¬ k-a¿∏n-® {]-kv-Xp-X tc-J-bn-¬ A-h-¿ hy-‡-am-°n. F-∂n-´pw IUCNip-]m-¿i-°v hn-cp-≤-am-bn 2012 Pq¨ 24 ap-X¬ Pq-em-bv 6 h-sc \-S-∂ 36˛ma-sØ WHC, ]-›n-a-L-´-sØ ss]-Xr-I ÿ-e-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv D-≠m-bXv.
]-›n-a-L-´ h-\-\n-c
]-›n-a-L-´w F-gp-`m-K-ß-fm-bn 39 ÿ-e-ß-ƒ A-S-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. tI-c-f-Øn-¬ 19 F-Æw (3663.46 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.) X-an-gv-\m-´n¬ 6 (1729.43 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.) I-¿-ÆmS-I-bn-¬ 10 (1534 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.) a-lm-cm-{„-bn¬ 4 (1026 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.). F-gv `m-K-ß-fn¬ c-s≠-Æ-sam-gn-®p A-©pw H-∂n-¬°qSp-X¬ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-em-bn-´m-Wv In-S-°p-∂-Xv.
]-›n-a-L-´w 29 B-Zn-hm-kn tKm{Xß-fp-sS B-hm-k-tI-{µ-am-sW-∂-Xm-Wv Ft∏mgpw A-h-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ h-kv-Xp-X. A-h-bn-¬ 14 B-Zn-hm-kn k-aq-l-߃ h-f-sc {]m-No-\ h¿§-ß-fm-Wv; B-[p\n-I-X-°v ap-∂n¬ ]n-Sn-®p\n-e-\n-¬°m≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-h-¿. C-°q-´-Øn¬, \m-ev Z-i-Iw ap-≥]v 'I-≠p-]n-Sn-®' tNm-e-\m-bv-°-cpw Dƒs∏Spw. sP-\q Ip-dp-_ (tX-≥ kw-`-cn-°p-∂-h¿) s_-´ Ip-dp-_ (Ip-´ s\-øp-∂-h¿) B-Sn-b¿, ]-Wn-b¿ (`q-c-ln-X-cm-b ]-g-b-e A-Sn-a-Iƒ) Im-Wn, a-Æm-≥, ap-Xp-hm-≥, ]m-en-b, D-≈m-S≥, a-e-∏p-e-b¿, Du-cm-fn, C-cp-f, Ip-dn-Ny¿ F-∂n-ß-s\ H-cp-]m-Sv B-Zn-hm-kn hn-`m-K-߃ C-Xn¬s∏-Spw. a-lm-cm-{„-bn-se \mev ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬ am-{Xw C-ß-s\-bp-≈ B-Zn-hm-kn k-aq-l-ß-fn-√.
G-Xm-≠v 300 Ip-Sn-I-fn-em-bn F-gp-]-Ø-øm-bn-c-Øn-\pw H-cp e-£-Øn-\p-an-S-bn¬ B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fpw \m-em-bn-c-tØm-fw B-Zn-hm-kn-I-f-√m-Ø-h-cpw ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-ep-≠v. e-£-I-W-°n-\v B-fp-Iƒ k-µ-¿-in-°p-∂ B-cm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fpw Cu `q-{]-tZ-i-Øp-≠v. ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-¬ D-S-\o-fw \n-e-\n-¬-°p-∂ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ssh-hn-[y-hpw B-Zn-hm-kn P-\-X-I-fp-sS ]m-c-kv]-cy-hpw A-h-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
Im-´n-\p-≈n-se \n-b-a-hm-gv-®
]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-se 39 C-S-ß-ƒ tI-{µ-]-cn-ÿn-Xn h-Ip-∏n-s‚-bpw h-\wh-Ip-∏n-s‚-h-Ip-∏n-s‚-bpw \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-em-Wv. C-Xn¬ 22 ÿ-e-߃ tZ-io-b D-Zym-\-ß-tfm, h-\y-Po-hn k-t¶-X-ß-tfm B-bn {]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈ kw-c-£n-X ta-J-e-I-fm-Wv (b-Ym-{I-aw 2028 N-Xp-c-{i In.an., 3064 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.). I-Sp-hm k-t¶-X-am-bn am-‰-s∏-´n-´p-≈ {]-tZ-iw B-sI 1954 c-{i In.an. h-cpw. a-‰p-≈-h dn-k¿hv h-\-ß-fpw(2144 N-Xp-c-{i In.an.) h-\w Un-hn-j-\p-I-fp-am-Wv (716 N-Xp-N-Xp-c-{i In.an.).
h-\-ß-sf-bpw h-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bpw kw-_-‘n-®v aq-∂v {]-[m-\ \n-b-a-ß-fm-Wv D-≈-Xv:
1. C-¥y≥ h-\-\n-b-aw, 1927
2. h-\y-Po-hn-kw-c-£-W \n-b-aw, 1972 3. h-\-kw-c-£-W \n-b-aw, 1980
Cu \n-b-a-߃ am-{X-am-Wv h-\-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-®v {]-‡w F-∂m-Wv ]-›n-a-L-´ ss]-Xr-I ]-Z-hn-°m-bn k-¿°m-¿ \-¬Inb tc-J-bn-ep-≈-Xv. Cu \n-b-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv h-\-߃ B-Zyw kw-ÿm-\ k-¿°m-cp-I-fp-sS
\n-b-{¥-]›n-a-L´w
{]tXy-I-]-Xn∏v
W-Øn¬ h-cp-∂-Xv. a-c-߃ sh-´n-hn‰v ]-c-am-h-[n h-cp-am-\w D-≠m-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xn-eq-sS D-tZ-in-®-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sv Ip-d-®v {]-tZ-i-߃ kw-c-£n-X ta-J-e-I-fm-°n. s]-s´-∂v h-f-cp-∂ Nn-e a-c-߃°pw A-h-bp-sS tXm-´-߃-°p-am-bpw, Um-ap-Iƒ°pw, J-\-\-Øn-\pw, hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p-am-bpw h-\w \-in-∏n-°-s∏-´p. C-sX-√mw hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬ \-S-tØ-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv, ap-≥Iq´n A-dn-bn-®psIm-≠p-≈ h-\w G-s‰-Sp-°-en-eq-sS-bpw, h-\-hm-kn-I-fp-sS A-h-Im-i-߃ Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p sIm-≠pw, A-h-¿-°p≈ \-jvS-]-cn-lm-cw \-¬In-s°m-≠p-am-Wv. B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn-¬ C-ß-s\-sbm-∂p-a-√ kw-`-hn-®-Xv. \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw, A-h¿ A-h-cp-sS B-hm-k-tI-{µ-ß-fn-¬
A-Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn-b-h-cm-bn; A-h-¿ Ip-‰-hm-fn-I-fm-bn. A-ß-s\ X-ß-fp-sS B-hm-k-tI-{µ-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂v H-gn-™p t]m-Ip-hm≥ A-h¿ \n-¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. {]-Xn-^-e-tam ]-I-cw ÿ-e-tam t\-Sm-\m-hm-sX A-h¿ A-h-cp-sS Im-Sp-Iƒ D-t]-£n-®v t]m-bn. Cu k-a-b-sØ-√mw hym-]-I-am-b co-Xn-bn¬ h-\\-io-I-c-Ww \-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Np-cp-°-Øn¬ Zp-jv-°-c-am-b Po-hn-X {]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-Wv A-h-¿ t\-cn-´Xv.
2002 ¬ cm-Py-hym-]-I-am-bn B-Zn-hm-kn-I-sf Im-´n-¬ \n-∂v _-ew {]-tbm-Kn-®p C-d-°n hn-Sm-\p-≈ {i-aw \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. C-Xn-s\ Xp-S-¿∂p-≠m-b k-a-c-ß-fp-sS ^-e-am-bn 2006¬ 1972se h-\y-Po-hn-kw-c-£-W \n-b-a-Øn-\v am-‰w h-cp-Øn. h\m-h-Imi \nbaw (Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act 2006) bmYm¿∞y-am-bn.
B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS k-Ω-X-tØm-sS, P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-bpw im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bpw I-Sp-hmk-t¶-X-߃ \n-¿Æ-bn-°p-hm-\p-≈ am-¿-§-\n-¿-t±i-I-Sp-hmk-t¶-X-߃ D-s≠-∂-Xm-Wv 2006se h-\m-h-Im-i
\n-b-a-Øn-s‚- k-hn-ti-j-X. a-\p-jym-hm-k tI-{µ-ß-fp-sS k-Ω-Xn-tbm-sS _-^¿ {]-tZ-i-ß-fpw {]-th-i-\w \n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´ ta-J-e-I-fpw Xo-cp-am-\n-®v h-\-hm-kn-I-fp-sS Po-h-k-‘m-c-W am¿§ßƒ \jvS-s∏-SmsXbp-≈ k-ao-]-\w Cu \n-b-aw D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øn. h-\m-h-Im-i-\n-b-aw B-Zn-hm-kn-I-ƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b A-\o-Xn-I-sf Xn-cn-®-dn-™v AXv ]cn-l-cn-°-pI F∂ Bhiyw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
h\m-h-Imi \nbaw
AwKo-I-cn®
Imcy-߃-˛ Im´n-\p-≈nse ss]XrI `qan-bn-ep≈ hy‡n-]-chpw ]¶m-fn-Ø-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Ah-Im-iw.
˛ h\w ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw A-h-Im-i-߃ \n-¿-Æ-bn-°m-\pap≈ BZn-hmkn k-aq-lØn\p≈ \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Imiw.
˛ {]-Ir-Xn/kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ss]-Xr-I-߃ kw-c-£n-°m-\pw \n-e-\n¿Ømkw-c-£n-°m-\pw BZn-hmkn k-aq-lØn\p≈ \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Imiw.
˛ \n-tcm-[n-X ta-J-e-Iƒ \n-¿Æ-bn-°m≥ k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ k-Ω-Xw \n-¿_‘-am-Wv.
˛ k-¶o-¿Æ- B-hm-k tI-{µ-ß-fn¬ (critical wildlife habitat) am-‰w h-cp-Øm-≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√.
˛ Fhn-sSbpw h\w ht\-Xc Bh-iy-߃°mbn am‰p-∂Xv BZn-hmkn kaq-l-ß-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS am{Xw Xocp-am-\n-°p-I.
2005 ap-X-¬ s]m-Xp-P-\˛-cm-{„o-b kw-hm-Z-ß-ƒ-°p ti-j-am-Wv Cu \n-b-a߃ D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂Xv. F-∂n-´pw tI{µ h\w˛]-cn-ÿn-Xn am-{¥m-e-bw 2010se \n-¿t±-i-ß-fn-tem 2012¬ k-a-¿∏n® k-πn-sa‚-dn tc-J-I-fn-\n-¿t±-i-ß-fn-tem Cu
A-h-]›n-a-L´w
{]tXy-I-]-Xn∏v
2012 \hw-_¿
24
tNm-e-\m-bv-°¿ tKm{X-Ønse BZn-hmkn
Im-i-ß-sfm-∂pw ]-cm-a¿in-®n-√. Np-h-∏v\m-S-bp-sS F-Xn-¿∏pI-sf Xp-S-¿∂v X-an-gv\m-´n-¬ \n-b-aw Xo-sc \-S-∏m-°n-bn-´n√. a-‰v kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ `mKoI-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°n. ^-etam F-Xn-¿∏pw hn-tZz-j-hpw. k-¿°mdn-s‚-bpw h\w-h-Ip∏v D-tZym-K-ÿ-cp-tS-bpw hn-I-e\-b-߃ Im-c-Ww h\m-{inX k-aq-l-ß-ƒ°v \o-Xn \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´p. \n¿-±njvS \n-a-b-ß-fp-sS \-Kv-\-am-b ewL\w, h-\ kw_-‘-amb \nb-a-߃°v hn-cp-≤-am-bn Im-cy-߃ sIm≠p\-S-°m-\p-≈ A-[n-Im-cw DtZym-K-ÿ-cn-¬ tI-{µo-Ir-X-am°pIbpw XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-I-sf-°p-dn®v hy-‡-am-b kq-N-\- \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu h-\-{]-tZ-i-߃ tem-I ss]-Xr-I {]-tZ-i-am-hp-∂-tXm-sS, \n-b-a-ß-ƒ a-dn-I-S-°m-\pw A-h-Im-i-߃ \n-tj-[n-°m-\p-ap-≈ ]q¿Æ kzm-X-{¥yw Np-h-∏v \m-S-bn¬ IpSpßn-°n-S-°p∂ h\whIp∏v DtZym-K-ÿ-cn¬ \n-£n-]v-X-amIp∂p.
h-\-Øn-\v ]p-d-sØ \n-b-a-hm-gv-N
h-\-Øn-\v ]p-d-Øp≈ BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS \n-b-a Im-cy-hpw C-tXm-sSm-∏w tN¿Øv hm-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A-hn-sS-bpw `q-an-bpsS ta-epw hn-`-h-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈ A-h-cp-sS A-h-Im-iw `m-Kn-I-am-tbm ]q¿Æ-am-tbm \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. `q-an A-\ym-[o\am-bn t]m-hp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈ \n-b-a-߃ ]-e kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-ep-an-√. I¿-Æm-S-I-Øn-epw X-an-gv\m-´n-I¿-Æm-S-I-Øn-epw A-ß-s\m-cp \n-b-aw {]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ 1975¬ AØc-samcp \n-b-aw sIm≠p-h-s∂-¶nepw \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n√. A\ym-[o-\-s∏´ `qan°v ]-I-cw `q-an \¬-Im-sa∂ hy-h-ÿ 1996¬ h-s∂-¶n-epw tIm-S-XnbpsS CS-s]-S¬ ImcWw AXpw Zp¿_-e-am-bmWv \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-´Xv.]-´n-I h¿-§-Øn-\v th-≠n-bp-≈ `c-W-L-S\m N-´w B¿´n-°nƒ 244 BWv. B¿´n-°n-ƒ 244(1) A©mw sjUyqƒ Gcnb {]Im-c-ap≈ tKm-{X-h-¿§-ß-fp-sS A-h-Im-i-ß-sf
kw-_-‘n®p≈Xm-Wv. A©mw sjUyqƒ Gcnb Ds≠∂v ]e tI{µ-˛-kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-¿ ÿm]-\-ßfpw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´pw tI-c-f-Øn-epw I-¿ÆmSI-Ønepw X-an-gv\m´nepw AØcw ÿe-߃ {]Jym-]n-°m≥ k¿°m-dp-Iƒ°v Ign-™n-´n√. A°m-c-W-Øm¬, s]k (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas -PESA) BIvSv {]Im-c-ap≈ kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Im-i-߃ Cu kwÿm-\-ß-fnse BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°v \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
X-Zv-^-ew
˛ Po-hn-Xam-¿-§ßƒ°pw hn`-h-߃ ssIIm-cyw sNø-en\pw taep≈ kpc-£n-XXzw Ipd-bp-Ibpw h-\-Øn-ep≈ A-h-Im-iw XpS¿®-bmbn
]›n-a-L´w
{]tXy-I-]-Xn∏v
2012 \hw-_¿
25
\ntj-[n-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
˛ -thƒUv sl-dn-t‰-Pv en-kv‰n¬ '{]-Ir-Xn ss]-Xr-Iw' F-s∂-gp-Xn tN¿°p∂-Xn-\v ]-I-cw '{]-Ir-Xn˛-km-wkv-Im-cn-I ss]-Xr-Iw' F-s∂-gp-Xn tN-¿t°≠n-bn-cp-∂p.
˛ B-Zn-hm-kn {Km-a-ß-fp-sS A-Xn-¿-Øn- kz-bw \n-¿Æ-bn-°p-hm-\pw AØ-cw ta-J-e-I-fn-se h-\w kw-c-£n-°phm-\pw ss]-Xr-I-ß-ƒ \n-e-\n-¿Øm\p-ap-≈ kzm-`m-hn-I A-h-Im-iw B-Zn-hm-kn {K-a-߃-°v \n-tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠v h-\-h-Im-i \n-baw Xs∂ ew-Ln-°s∏Sp-∂p.
UN DRIP (United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples)Dpw ILO (International Labour Organiza-tion) I¨sh≥j≥ 169 Dpw AwKo-I-cn® A-¥¿tZiob \n-b-a-ß-tf-bpw tZ-iob \n-\n-b-a-ß-tf-bpw Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v, \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn tem-I ss]-Xr-I-]-Z-hn ]-›n-aL-´-sØ hn-ip-≤-bm-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
