THE COMPREHENSION OF SMAN 1 PANGGUL TRENGGALEK TEACHERS AS DIGITAL IMMIGRANT TOWARD LANGUAGE USED BY
DIGITAL NATIVE’S FACEBOOK STATUS UPDATE
THESIS
By:
DIAH LAKSMI SARI 09360291
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THE COMPREHENSION OF SMAN 1 PANGGUL TRENGGALEK TEACHERS AS DIGITAL IMMIGRANT TOWARD LANGUAGE USED BY
DIGITAL NATIVE’S FACEBOOK STATUS UPDATE
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
DIAH LAKSMI SARI 09360291
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
This thesis written by Diah Laksmi Sari was approved on October 29, 2013
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
MOTTO
Yesterday is History
Today is a Gift
Tomorrow is Msytery
Holding the great hope, reaching the great goal
Following the great destiny
Dedication
I dedicated this to:
My beloved Mom “Ibu Tukijem”
and dad “Bapak Yasir”, my brothers “Mas. Sulis and mas Hasim”, my sister “Mbk. Yayuk
and my lovely nephew and niece
“Rangga and Abel”
All my friends
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah wa syukurillah, all grateful prays to the great loving Allah SWT, the almighty and the most merciful, for his gift to the writer in finishing the thesis. My lord sends salutations upon Muhammad SAW and upon the family of Muhammad SAW.
The writer would like to express her deep appreciation and gratitude to Drs. Soeparto,M.Pd and Drs. Marzuki,M.Pd her supervisor, for their patience, willingness and invaluable guidance as well as suggestion for the completion of this thesis.
The writer dedicated her deepest and whole hearted gratitude to her beloved mother (Tukijem), beloved father (Yasir), her brothers and sister (Sulistyo, Nurhasim and Yayuk), her beloved nephew and niece (Rangga, Abel), her aunt (Sarwiyah) and of course for her Lovely one husband to be (Ida Bagus Kukuh Pribadi S.Pd) for their encouragement, love, care and pray.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
LIST OF TABLES ... ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of Problems ... 8
1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 8
1.4 Significance of Study ... 9
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 10
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 10
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Comprehension ... 11
2.1.1 Concept of Comprehension ... 11
2.1.2 Level of Comprehension ... 12
2.2 Digital Native ... 14
2.2.1 Criteria being Digital Native ... 15
2.3 Digital Immigrant ... 18
2.4.1 The Language of Digital Native and Digital Immigrant ... 20
2.4.2 The Characteristic of Digital Native and Digital Immigrant 22
2.4.3 The Behavior of Digital Native and Digital Immigrant ... 23
2.5 The Teaching of English Using Social Networking ... 25
2.6 Facebook ... 26
2.5.1 Profil ... 27
2.5.1.1 Wall ... 27
2.5.1.2 Info ... 27
2.5.1.3 Photo ... 28
2.5.2 Home ... 28
2.5.2.1 Tag Photo ... 28
2.5.2.2 Chatting ... 29
2.5.2.3 Poke ... 29
2.5.2.4 News Feed ... 29
2.5.2.5 Game and Application ... 30
2.5.2.6 Groups ... 30
2.5.2.7 Facebook Status Update ... 31
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 32
3.2 Research Subject ... 33
3.3 Research Instrument ... 33
3.3.1 Document ... 34
3.4 Data Collection ... 35
3.5 Data Analysis ... 36
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Research Findings ... 37 4.1.1 The Comprehension of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek Teachers as digital immigrant toward Language Used by Digital Native’s Facebook Status
Update ... 38
4.1.2 The Difficulties Faced by Digital Immigrants to Comprehend the Digital Native’s Facebook Status update ... 39
4.1.3 The Impacts of the Language Used by Digital Native’s Facebook
Status Update toward Teaching and Learning Process ... 42 4.2 Discussions ... 44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 49 5.2 Suggestion ... 50
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.4.1 The Comparison between the Languages of Digital Native and Digital
Immigrant ... 20
Table 2.4.2 The Comparison Between The Characteristic of Digital Native and Digital
Immigrant ... 21
Table 2.4.3 The Comparison Between The Behavior of Digital Native and Digital
REFERENCES
Bayne,S and Ross,J. 2010. “Digital Native” and “Digital Immigrant” Discourse: a critique. Scotland: The University of Edinburgh.
Bogdan, Robert.C and Biklen,K. 2003. Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods. United State of America: Pearson education group.
Cody, A. (2010). Teachers Letters to Obama. Retrieved Jan. 13, 2013 from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2010/01/20/18cody_ep.h29.html. Crystal, David. 2001. Language and the internet. Cambridge University Press. Ebner,M and Schiefner,M. 2010. Looking Toward the Future of
Technology-Enhanced Education: Ubiquitous Learning and the Digital Native. New York: Information Science Reference.
http://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/as/303.htm accessed on January 15th 2013
Indriawati,P. 2010. An analysis of colloquial language found on English writing update status the members of Facebook in internet. Unpublished thesis: Malang UMM.
Kajornboon, A. B. (2004). Creating Useful Knowledge: A Case Study of Policy Development in E-Learning at Chulalongkorn University Language Institute. Australia, Melbourne: (Dissertation) University of Melbourne.
Kajornborn, A. B. (2010). The Effect of Using Social Networking Assisted Interaction between Peer and Teacher in English Language Learning. Thailand. Chulalongkorn University Language Institute.
Kessler, S. (2010). The Case of Social Media in Schools.
Luhab,H. 2011. Teaching reading comprehension by using comic story reading activity as a strategy to improve student’s comprehension. Unpublished thesis. Malang UMM.
Online College.org (2009). Citing Website. In 100 Ways You Should Be Using Facebook in Your Classroom.
Retrieved from http://www.onlinecollege.org/2009/10/20/100-ways-you-should- be-using-facebook-in-your- classroom/.
Online College.org (2011). Fifty Reasons to invite Facebook into your classroom. Retrieved from http://www.onlinecollege.org/2011/07/18-50-reasons-to-invite-facebook-into-your- classroom.
Mashable Social Media (2010). 3 Ways Educators Are Embracing Social Technology. Retrieved from http://www.mashable.com/2010/01/10/educators-social-technology.
Pang, Elizabeth S. et. al. 2003. teaching reading, international academy of education. Available at http://www.curtin.edu.au/dept/smec/iae - accessed on March 15 2013
Prensky, Marc. 2001. Digital Native, Digital Immigrant, part I and part II. From on the Horizon: NCB University Press.
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky-Digital accessed on February 15 2013
Rahayu, S. 2011. The digital native’s perception toward the mobile phone roles in school at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. Unpublished thesis: Malang UMM.
Rozema, Robert (2009) "The Promise and the Peril: Social networking in the English Language Arts," Language Arts Journal of Michigan: Vol. 24: Iss. 2, Article 8. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1054
Srinivas, R. (2010). ICT Tools for ELT Ppt Presentation-Author Stream. Retrieved from http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/rangoo-372780-ict- tools-elt- teaching-english-technology-language-esl-education-ppt-powerpoint/.
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about background of the study, statement of problems,
purposes of the study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
In modern era, information and communication technologies have changed our societies. Technology gives some significant effect to the human society,
especially internet. Nowadays many society use internet to help their life such as communication, social, education, and others. The impact of the internet use in this digital society has emerged a new generation called the digital natives.
The concept of digital natives was introduced by Marc Prensky (2001) Digital natives are people who have grown up in the digital world using technology as the
way to communicate record, educate and understand society. Digital natives represent the first generation to grow up with new technology. A communication of digital
native is using computer language. It means that the development of digital native‟s language is related to the technology development. Internet, television, movie, room chat and social networking are factors that influence language development of digital
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Digital native like to use internet to communicate with each other by joining
social networking. According to Cahyono (2009:2-3), “ Social networking is a social structural create from personal or organization which has purpose to relate people in
scope of cyber space. There are many social networking found in internet and the most popular one is Facebook.
Facebook is one of the social networking that helps every people to
communicate more efficient and easy with their family and their friends. Based on
Anne and Lary in A Parent‟s guide of Facebook (2012:12), ), there are two pages on
Facebook, they are home and profile in the upper right corner of any Facebook page.
Profile is more about what people see of you and home about what you see of others on Facebook. Facebook become daily activity for digital native and it also often use
as a media to express their feelings or called status update.
Facebook, as one of the most favorite social networking sites, has millions of
users from primary schools to universities. On Facebook, people from all ages can create their own profiles, write each other‟s walls and share their favorite photos and
videos. Facebook is also a technological tool which can nurture the student-teacher relationship by creating positive learning experiences for both parties (Mazer, Murphy and Simonds, 2007). It also has applications useful for teaching and
learning, especially in teaching English. Nowadays, the teaching of English is develops rapidly not only in the formal level but also in the informal level. For the
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phenomenon is a proof that the Facebook users learn English through their writing
directly.
There are some researchers who have considered this potential and carried out
research regarding educational use of Facebook, especially in teaching English. Piriyasilpa (in Eren: 2012) conducted a research on the effects of application of Facebook as part of the classroom. She examined students‟ opinions about this
activity and their use of language in their interaction. The study was conducted at a university in Thailand. The topics were advised by the teacher and students were
asked to make comments or discuss their opinions on the teacher‟s wall. She found out that such incorporation was useful for students to create their social network and it was also beneficial for supporting language learning.
Another study is Kajornboon (2004), conducted a research on the effect of using social networking assisted interaction between peer and teacher in English
language learning. His research has investigated the effects of using social networks to assist interaction among learners and their peers and teacher. The researcher is also the English class teacher, making this study an example of action research - “learning
by doing.” The research is based on the Social Learning Theory (Bandura) which
assumes people in society learn from each other. Participants joined the most popular
social network: Facebook. Data was collected from the learners‟ writing assignments on Facebook. The findings found the use of Facebook in the teaching and learning of
writing English has to a certain extent been effective.
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meaning of the new words of status update made by the digital native. This previous
generation is called digital immigrant.
The concept of digital immigrant was introduced by Marc Prensky (2001).
"They are individuals not born in the digital world, but who adopted many aspects of the new digital age". They are essentially different from digital natives in the sense that they must learn what digital natives grow up knowing as a mother tongue. Digital
native is always different from digital immigrant. Digital native is the new generation and always use technology in their life, different from digital immigrant who have
limited knowledge in using technology. The single biggest problem faced by digital immigrant is to comprehend what the digital native wants or means.
The differences between these two generations also go to their languages. One
of digital native nature is easy to accept new transformation in their life including new language or new word. The new popular language which is used by digital
natives nowadays such as; cemungudh eah (keep spirit), cmuah (all), maca ceh (really?) , semangka (keep spirit brother/sister), cpt biut (very fast), etc. On the
contrary, the digital immigrants almost use common words in their sentences because they are difficult to accept the new word, they always use language based on the original word that easy to comprehend. The original words, such as; semangat ya
(keep spirit), semua (all), masak sih(really?), semangat kakak (keep spirit
brother/sister), cepat sekali (very fast), etc. The language used by digital native
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digital immigrant and digital native. So, it is important to know the comprehension of
digital immigrant to prevent the misunderstanding.
When people read text or hear someone talk, they need to understand the
passage or called comprehension. Comprehension can be defined as an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a
result). Quoted from International Academy of Education in a book titled “Teaching
Reading” by Pang,et.al (2003) ; Comprehension is the process of deriving meaning
from connected text. That is why comprehension is important to prevent the digital
immigrant‟s misunderstanding meaning of language used by the digital native of updating status in Facebook.
The above description is theoretical consideration about digital native vs
digital immigrant, Facebook, and comprehension. The following discussion will be about the some previous studied about digital native conducted by Sri Rahayu,
Facebook conducted by Prita Indriawati, and comprehension conducted by Habibul
Luhab.A.
Based on the previous study by Sri Rahayu (2011) “The digital native‟s perception toward the mobile phone roles in school at SMK Muhammadiyah 2
Malang” the study focused on digital native‟s perception of mobile phone, this
research taken by interview and observation. Firstly the researcher found the positive impact of mobile phone; the digital native said that they need mobile phone to help
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material, etc. Secondly the researcher also found the negative impact of mobile
phone. The digital native used it during the class. They used it to send a message, listen to the music make chatting in social network, and etc. From this research, it
concludes that digital native life is close with technology and social network.
Based on the previous study by Prita Indriawati (2010) “An analysis of colloquial language found on English writing update status the members of Facebook
in internet” The study focused on colloquial words used by the members of Facebook
in writing update status. The researcher found many colloquial words use and define
it into 2 kinds of colloquial words, there are colloquial words based on the theory of word formation process and colloquial words based which do not belong on the theory of word formation process Colloquial words found in Facebook status update
were often used by teenager in daily life in their natural conversation.
Another previous study by Habibul Luhab (2011) “Teaching reading comprehension by using comic story reading activity as a strategy to improve
student‟s comprehension”. The study focused on student‟s comprehension toward
teaching reading comprehension by using comic story in reading comprehension class. The researcher got the data from the result of the student‟s English achievement in the comprehension test in preliminary study and each cycles, the student‟s and
teacher‟s observation sheet, the student‟s and teacher‟s interview, and the
researcher„s field note. The result of data showed that the students were interested
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comprehension by using comic story could make the student‟s comprehension looked
easy. In short, the development of using comic story can certainly improve students‟
reading comprehension.
Based on several previous studies above, it is clearly stated that digital native common use technology to learn, social network to communicate, and make them as
the digital native‟s daily life. Every breath of digital native is about digital era and
their language used in social network like Facebook appearing the new language which is difficult to comprehend by the digital immigrant. Because comprehending
the new language also needed to prevent the misunderstanding meaning of language used by digital native. The generations before digital natives cannot fully understand them or share their values, and face difficulties when communicating with them,
collaborating with them, and of course educating them. So, it is important to investigate the language used on Facebook status update by the digital native and the
digital immigrant‟s comprehension about the language used on it, because no one has
investigated this topic.
From the facts described above, the researcher tries to know the comprehension of the digital immigrant teacher as the educator of digital native. The
teachers‟ comprehension toward the language of digital native students is important
for teaching learning success. Here, the researcher taken the research in teachers of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek because the location of the school is in countryside and
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Because of the reason above, the researcher was interested in conducting the
research that focused on the comprehension of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek teachers as digital immigrant toward language used by digital native‟s Facebook status update.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
From the explanation in the background above the reseacher arrange the statement of problems as follows :
1. How is the comprehension of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek teachers as digital immigrant toward language used by digital native Facebook status update?
2. What are the difficulties faced by the teachers of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek to comprehend the language used by digital native Facebook status update?
3. What are the impacts of the language used by digital native Facebook status update toward teaching and learning process?
1.3 Purpose of Study
Based on the general statement of problem above, the general purpose of this
study:
1. To know the comprehension of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek teachers as digital immigrant toward language used by digital native Facebook status
update.
2. To know the difficulties faced by the teachers of SMAN 1 Panggul
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3. To know the impacts of the language used by digital native Facebook status
update toward teaching and learning process.
1.4 Significance of the Study
From the purposes of the study above, theoretically, the researcher attempts that the study meaningfully provide the phenomena of language development in society.
Practically, the study is expected to contribute to the following aspects:
1. For the digital native, especially students. This research aimed at giving
knowledge and a clear description about the digital immigrants‟s teacher comprehension toward the language used by the digital native especially in status update in Facebook.
2. For digital immigrant, especially teachers. This research aimed at giving knowledge and clear comprehension about the language development by digital
native or the students. So, it will be easy to communicate when educate them. 3. For education, especially in teaching and learning process. This research aimed at
giving knowledge and clear comprehension about the language of digital native or
students. So, it will prevent the miscommunication between teachers and students in class.
4. For the researcher, Facebook can be used as the alternative of teaching resources in Teaching English. Considering the tendency of using English in Facebook cannot be rejected, because there are some parts of Facebook using English.
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can be references to arrange the thesis about digital immigrant, especially when
they study about comprehension of digital immigrant.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the comprehension of digital immigrant toward language used by digital native‟s Facebook status update. It is limited on the comprehension of SMAN 1 Panggul Trenggalek teachers as digital immigrant.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
There are several key terms, which are necessary to be defined are as follows:
1. Comprehension is the process of deriving meaning from connected text (Pang,et.al:2003).
2. Digital immigrant is the individuals not born in the digital world, but who
adopted many aspects of the new digital age. (Prensky Marc: 2001)
3. Digital native is a person who was born during of after the general
introduction of digital technology, and through interacting with digital technology from an early age, has a greater understanding of its concepts. (Prensky Marc: 2001)
4. Facebook is one of social networking that helps every people to communicate more efficient and easy with their family and their friends
(Anne, C and Larry, M: 2012).
5. Status update referred to simply as status which allows users to post
