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The Perception of English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta’s Students on Professional Skills of Effective
Teachers A Skripsi
Submitted to the Faculty of Language Education As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain
the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
Marjilah 20120540093
English Education Department Faculty of Language Education Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
i A Skripsi
Submitted to the Faculty of Language Education As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain
the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
Marjilah 20120540093
English Education Department Faculty of Language Education Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
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Author’s Declaration of Originality
I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this skripsi and that no part of this skripsi has been published or submitted for publication.
I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my skripsi does not infringe upon
anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas techniques,
quotation or any other material from the work of other people included in my skripsi, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledge in accordance with the standard referencing practice.
I declare that is a true copy of my skripsi, including any final revision as approved by my skripsi committee and the Faculty of Language Education and that this skripsi has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution.
Yogyakarta, December 9th 2016
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgement
“In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”
All praises to Allah SWT, Lord of the world, for the mercy and blessing given in finishing the undergraduate thesis entitled “Student’s perceptions on professional skills of effective teacher at English Education Department of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta batch 2012” .
This manuscript is wholly presented to The Faculty of Language Education as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of S.Pd. in the Department of English Education.In the completion of this text, it is realized that this research will not come into existence without any helps, encouragement, criticism, advices, guidance and also prays from people around me.
Therefore, the gratefulness is dedicated to my Advisor, Mrs. Evi Puspitasari, S.Pd., M.Hum. for her assistance and supports especially in correcting and finishing this thesis. With all modesty, my gratitude also belongs to all of my lecturers in English Department who have been teaching and pouring their knowledge during the academic years.
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this level. Thank you so much for always molding me infinite supports and always praying the best for me. Thank you so much for loving me and being the light and spirit of my life journey. Special thank also goes to Hari and to all my friends in the Department of English Education, especially “Celestial 2012”, for our togetherness and knowledge sharing, time and being good friends.
vi Abstract
Professional skills of effective teachers are needed in teaching and learning process. It is because professional skills can affect on students academic achievement.
The aim of this study is to find out the students’ perception on professional skills of
effective teachers.
To answer the research question, the researcher used qualitative research by
descriptive qualitative as the approach of this research. Then the research used interview guideline as the instrument to collect the data. The data was analyzed through coding process. Coding consists of open coding, axial coding and selective coding.
Furthermore, the participant were four students from English Education Department batch 2012. It is chosen by researcher used convenience sampling.
This paper presents ten characteristics of professional skills that effective teachers should have. First of all, in teaching and learning process effective teachers should master to the material then they are able to deliver the material to their
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then teachers use the appropriate methods to increase the students’ language ability. The fifth, the effective teacher should have good communication skill.
Communication of effective teachers should be clearly, thus student will be easy to understand. The sixth, in motivating students, teachers can be role model of the students, giving reward and positive feedback.The seventh, the effective teacher should respect to their students inside and outside the classroom, respect on students’ background and economic status and effective teacher should be fair in giving score transparently and objectively. The eighth, the effective teachers should have self confidence in teaching their studentsby showing to the students that they are able to teach them. The ninth, the effective teachers should asses the student’s ability
appropriate instrument, giving positive and objective feedback, and giving solution to
their students’ problems or mistakes. The last, effective teachers should keep learning
with updated information or learning technology to make their teaching process better.
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Table of Contents
Cover ... i
Approval Page ... ii
Author’s Declaration of Originality……….. iii
Acknowledgement... iv
Abstract ... vi
Table of Contents ... viii
List of Appendices... x
List of figure ... xi
Chapter One: Introduction ... 1
Background of the Research ... 1
Identification of the Problem ... 3
Limitation of the Problem ... 3
Research Questions ... 4
Purpose of the Research ... 4
Significance of the Research ... 4
Chapter Two: Literature Review ... 6
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Definition of teacher ... 6
The roles of teacher in teaching and learning process ... 7
Effective teacher ... 10
Definition of effective teacher... 10
Personal skill ... 11
Professional skill ... 11
Review of Related Research ... 16
Conceptual Framework ... 17
Chapter Three: Research Methodology ... 19
Research Design ... 19
Research Setting ... 20
Research Participants ... 20
Data Collection Method ... 21
Data Analysis ... 23
Chapter Four: Findings and Discussion ... 25
EED UMY students’ perception on professional skills of effective teacher 25
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendation ... 45
Conclusion ... 45
Recommendation... 48
References ... 50
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List of Appendices
xii List of Figure
iv Abstract
Professional skills of effective teachers are needed in teaching and learning process. It is because professional skills can affect on students academic achievement. The aim of this study is to find out the students’ perception on professional skills of
effective teachers.
To answer the research question, the researcher used qualitative research by descriptive qualitative as the approach of this research. Then the research used interview guideline as the instrument to collect the data. The data was analyzed through coding process. Coding consists of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Furthermore, the participant were four students from English Education Department batch 2012. It is chosen by researcher used convenience sampling.
This paper presents ten characteristics of professional skills that effective teachers should have. First of all, in teaching and learning process effective teachers should master to the material then they are able to deliver the material to their
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then teachers use the appropriate methods to increase the students’ language ability. The fifth, the effective teacher should have good communication skill.
Communication of effective teachers should be clearly, thus student will be easy to understand. The sixth, in motivating students, teachers can be role model of the students, giving reward and positive feedback.The seventh, the effective teacher should respect to their students inside and outside the classroom, respect on students’ background and economic status and effective teacher should be fair in giving score transparently and objectively. The eighth, the effective teachers should have self confidence in teaching their studentsby showing to the students that they are able to teach them. The ninth, the effective teachers should asses the student’s ability
appropriate instrument, giving positive and objective feedback, and giving solution to their students’ problems or mistakes. The last, effective teachers should keep learning
with updated information or learning technology to make their teaching process better.
Chapter One Introduction
This chapter describes all contents of the introduction of the study. This chapter talks about background of the study which describes the topic of the research and the reason of choosing the topic. It also discusses the statement of the problem and the limitation of the problem. The research question, objective of the study, and the significance of the research are also elaborated.
Background of the Research
Teacher is an important key for students to get success in education.
According to Shalberg (2010), his research and experience suggest that one powerful element in education is an excellent teacher. The statement implies that teachers play a crucial role in education.
In education, teachers must have characteristics. It is because the
characteristics of teachers will give crucial impacts to the teaching and learning process. According to Adeyemo (2005), teacher characteristics influence the process of teaching and learning in the classrooms. It means that characteristics of teacher give impact on students’ learning process. In the same way, according to Ali (2009),
Teachers as a facilitator will guide the students to gain knowledge. For the successful knowledge gained in teaching and learning process, students need teachers who have good characteristics. In the same line, according to Wayne and Young (2011), students prefer to learn from teachers with certain characteristics.
These days, many people can be teachers but not all of them can be effective teachers. Clearly, to be effective teachers are complicated and difficult. It is because there are several things that influence the quality of teachers, such as their
background study, their teaching experience, their knowledge, their attitude, and their teaching style. According to the researcher’s experience as a student, if the teachers
have poor content knowledge, the students will not respect them. However, if the teachers have good content knowledge, students will respect them. It is because students have high expectation on their teachers in mastering the subject in relation to capability of facilitating in learning something new. In the other examples, teachers with good teaching style and strategy also give good influence on students’ interest
and automatically it will make the learning process run well.
The characteristics of effective teachers consist of personal skills and personal skills. It is supported by Rubio (2010), he stated that to be effective teachers, teachers should have personal skills and professional skills. Professional skill is teachers’ knowledge and skill in teaching and learning process and personal skill is teachers’
teacher taught. It means that professional skill influences the students’ success in
learning process
As stated before that professional skill of effective teachers plays a significant role, thus those skills are needed to support the learning process. Additionally,
students are the target of education so that their view toward the professional skills of effective teachers is necessary to be investigated. Thus, the researcher wants to investigate the EED of UMY students’ perception on professional skills of effective
teachers.
Identification of the Problems
Characteristics of effective teachers consist of professional and personal skills. It is in line with Rubio (2010), to be effective teachers should have series of qualities, in term of professional skills and personal skills. Personal skills consist of teachers’ ability incaring the students, teachers’ ability in knowing the students
background, teachers’ ability in keeping relationship with students, and teachers’
ability in create a warm environment in the classroom. Moreover, professional skills consist of teachers’ ability in content knowledge, teachers’ ability in planning the
lesson, teachers’ ability in managing classroom behavior, teachers’ ability in
communication skill, teachers’ ability in motivating students, teachers’ ability in respect and fairness, teachers’ ability in managing confidence, teachers’ ability in
Limitation of the Problem
The researcher wants to limit those problems to make the study more specific. This research will focus on EED of UMY students’ perception on professional skills of effective teachers. According to the researcher’s experience, professional skills of teacher are important. Professional skills can affect on students in understanding the material that teacher taught. It means that professional skills influences the students’
success in learning process and their academic achievement. Their perceptions about professional skills derived from the characteristics of effective teachers. Their
perceptions may come from their experiences during their English learning time since they studied at EED UMY from the first semester until now. Through their
experiences of learning with different teachers, they have clear representation about the characteristics of effective teachers.
Research Question
The research question focused on investigating the professional skill of effective teacher.
What are students’ perceptions on the professional skills that effective
Purpose of the Research
Based on the research questions, the aim of this research was to investigate the students’ perceptions on the professional skills that effective teachers should have
at English Education Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Significances of the Research
The researcher hopes that this study can give some advantages for several parties including the students, teachers, and next researchers.
The students. The result of this research is aimed to enhance the
understanding of teacher candidate about the characteristics of effective teacher. By analyzing the professional skill of effective teacher, the students may adopt the characteristics of effective teacher into their teaching process in the future.
The teachers. This study will offer valuable information about the
professional skill of effective teacher. This information may help teachers to improve or develop their own characteristics to be better. Thus, their teaching process be effective.
The other researchers. The researcher hopes that this study will give benefits for other researchers. This research will provide some references for the other
Chapter Two Literature Review
This chapter reviews theories and some studies related to the research study. The theories that are reviewed draw the conceptual framework to conduct the research. Thus, this chapter involves some sections such as review of related study and conceptual framework.
In related study, the researcher mainly discusses some related references about characteristics of effective teacher. The discussion about teacher focuses on the definition and the roles of teacher. Besides, the effective teacher focuses on definition of effective teacher and professional skill of effective teacher.
Teacher
There were two topics discussed in this part. Those were definition of teacher and roles of teacher. In definition of teacher, the researcher explained about definition of teacher itself and in the roles of teacher, the researcher explained their roles in education.
Definition of teacher. Teachers have job to be responsible to educate
students. Based on Cambridge dictionary, the definition of teacher is someone whose job is to teach in a school or college. In addition, Longman dictionary defines
As explained above, teachers can be defined as people who provide
instruction or who give guidance and support to student in learning process. Learning to be a teacher is an important journey with many challenges because teaching is not just delivering knowledge but also about communicating.
The roles of teachers in teaching and learning process. In education, students’ success process needs roles of teachers. According to Liakopoulo (2011), the roles of teachers in teaching and learning process are very important for the students’ success. It means that teachers’ role affect on students’ behavior and ability
to reach students’ goals in education. In the same line that teacher can help students
to reach their goal in education.
Furthermore, teachers can play a role that is suitable with what student’s need. According to Brown (2007, teacher can play many roles in the course of teaching and this might facilitate learning. Their ability to carry these out effectively will depend to a large extent on the rapport they establish with their students and course on their own level of knowledge and skills. In the other side, according to Harden and Crosby (2000) roles of teacher included teacher as an information provider, teacher as a facilitator, teacher as a role model, teacher as an assessor, teacher as a planner, and teacher as a resource developer.
Atkins (1986), in transmitting the information, the teacher may also help the student to use one of a variety of educational strategies by which the teacher explains the subject matter to the student.
Teachers as facilitator. Teachers as facilitator means that teachers should be able to facilitate their student. In facilitates their students, teacher should have good relationship to their students. It is as a guide for students’ development. It means that teachers should facilitate the student in learning process. According to Barrows and Tamblyn cited on Harden and Crosby (2000), the teacher’s role is not to inform the
students but to encourage and facilitate them to learn for themselves using the problem as a focus for the learning. It is the role of the teachers to facilitate this process rather than to act simply as an information provider.
Teachers as a role model. Role models of teachers give great influence on students’ ability and behaviour. In line with Harden and Crosby (200), indeed role
model may have a bigger impact on the students than other teaching methods. Teachers may not see themselves as models for their students, but it is difficult for students not to be influenced by the living example set before them. The role models of teachers also give influence on students of education department. Students may imitate their teacher in teaching process when they becoming teachers in the future.
their studies. In the same way, one of the most important things to note by English teachers is that their learners expect their English teachers indicated whether or not their English is right improved (Harmer, 2001).
As an evaluator, teachers have to provide feedback for students. According to Brown (2007), one of the successful key in learning a foreign language is based on the feedback those teachers given. It means that teachers’ feedback is important for students’ improvement on learning English language.
Teachers as a planner. Teachers have responsibility to plan curriculum and course. Curriculum planning and course planning is an important role for teacher. Curriculum and course is related between each others in educational program. According to Harden and Crosby (2000), the best curriculum in the world will be ineffective if the courses which it comprises have little or no relationship to the curriculum that is in place.
Teacher as a resource developer.An increased need for learning resource materials is implicit in many of the developments in education. According to Harden and Crosby (2000), Teacher as a resource developer has job as a resource material creator. The role of teacher as a resource material creator offer exciting possibilities. The new technology have greatly expanded the formats of learning materials to which the student may have access and make it much easier for the student to take more responsibility for their own education. As developers of resource materials, teachers must keep abreast with changes in technology. An Investment in the further
Effective Teacher
There were two topics discussed in effective teacher. Those were definiton of effective teacher, and characteristics of effective teacher. Definition of effective teachers described effective teacher means. Then, the characteristics of effective teachers were described the characteristics of effective teachers especially in professional skill.
Definition of effective teacher. Effective teachers need to focus on students’ achievement. Therefore, teacher should help students to achieve their goal in
education. According to Gurney (2007), suggested that to be an effective teacher there should be an interaction among different factors, one of them are teachers’ knowledge, enthusiasm and responsibility for learning. It means that teachers’ knowledge, enthusiasm in teaching and responsibility are some aspects that will affect on students academic achievement in education.
Effective teachers should provide the students with some activities and assessment that encourages students to learn. In the other side, effective teacher also should create a warm environment and a relationship with the students in which respect will enhance learning process. According to Borich (2000), the
affect of teachers’ effectiveness can be seen on their students’ behavior and academic achievement.
Characteristics of effective teachers consist of professional and personal skills. In line with Rubio (2010), to effective teachers should have series of qualities, in term of professional skills and personal skills. While, the characteristics of
effective teachers referred as qualities of effective teachers. According to Kosgei, Mise, Odera and Ayudi (2010), the quality of teachers can be measured with test or derived from their academic or professional report.
Personal skill. A personal skill is an ability that relates to a single person. According to Rubio (2010), personal skills consist of caring the students, knowing the students’ background, keeping relationship with students, and create a warm
environment in the classroom. In conclusion, personal skill is the ability that relates to single person. Moreover, personal skills of effective teachers are the ability of teachers in keeping the relationship between teachers and students.
Professional skill. Professional skill is an ability that can be learned to do activity or job well. Based on Cambridge dictionary, professional means related to work that need special training or education. According to Rubio (2010) professional skills of effective teachers consist of the ability of teachers in knowledge, lesson plan, classroom management and organization, classroom behaviour, identify students’
The characteristics of professional skills. Ten abilities of professional skills of effective teachers were discussed in this part. Those were teachers’ ability in content knowledge, teachers’ ability in planning the lesson,teachers’ ability in managing
classroom behavior, teachers’ ability in communication skill, teachers’ ability in
motivating students, teachers’ ability in respect and fairness, teachers’ ability in
managing confidence, teachers’ ability in evaluating and giving feedback, and teachers’ ability in learning development.
Teachers’ ability in content knowledge. Professional competences of effective
teachers are required to master the content knowledge. It supported by Faisal (2014), he stated that content knowledge plays an important role in developing teacher
expertise. He added that teacher should understand well about material which is being taught. Content knowledge is the ability of teachers in mastery the subject. Content knowledge of subject that teacher will taught is the most obvious requirement. Moreover, Ferguson &Womackl (1993) stated that, effective communication of content knowledge is a hallmark of good teachers. Having good content knowledge is just one of many vital factors and qualities, which an effective teacher needs to have in order to enhance learning and achievement.
Teachers’ ability in planning lesson. Effective teachers are able in planning
clear explanations, and it provides a wide range of resources suitable to students need. Besides, teacher should prepare to reconsider whether the material and methodology is suitable to be re-presented in the classroom.
Then, in planning the whole lesson plan, effective teachers manage and
organize the classroom in the beginning of the year or semester based on the students’
needs. According to Emmer (1980) cited on Rubio (2010), effective teachers take time in the beginning of the year and especially on the first day to establish classroom management, classroom organization and expectations for students’ behavior. It means that effective teachers should prepare classroom management and organization well before class started. Classroom management and organization is to anticipate students’ need, and then prepared a suitable learning plan, procedures, activities, and
evaluation criteria.
Teachers’ ability in managing classroom behavior. Effective teachers have
jobs to manage the students’ behavior in the classroom. According to Wong and Wong (2005), effective teachers manage their students with procedures and routines then, ineffective teachers discipline their classroom with threat and punishments. With procedures and routines will help the teachers to maximize and engage learning time. Moreover, threats and punishments are not solving the problem and only waste of time.
Teachers’ ability in identifying students’ individual differences. Effective
teachers should be able to personalize the students’ learning. They understand that
(2001) teachers should know the numbers of students who have good language learning and who have difficulty in language learning. Then, teachers can identify the student learning style and they know suitable technique to teach them. In addition, effective teachers use techniques that best serve the learning needs of their students.
Teachers’ ability in communication skill. Communication abilities are crucial
for anyone who has a teaching career. Effective teachers are always effective communicators. They communicate clearly about course objectives, content and testing. When teachers lack of communication mean that learners will not understand their ideas. According to Prozesky (2000), effective teachers can take something that is complex and present it in a way that can be easily to understand by the student, and through different verbal and non verbal communication.
Teachers’ ability in motivating students in learning. Effective teachers make
the students increase their academic self concept, their interest in the subject and the desire to learn more and therefore to have a high level of achievement. According to Rubio (2010), students see the effective teachers as a motivational and a leader when the teachers encourage them to be responsible for their own learning.
Teachers’ ability in respect and fairness. Effective teachers are teachers who
Teachers’ ability in managing confidence. Teachers’ confidence play
significant role in their effectiveness. According to Rubio (2010), when teachers confidence in teaching their students, they achieve a lot in the classroom, and students know who is in charge and the teachers know what material to cover, and how to teach. It means that effective teachers should confidence in their teaching process. They know well how to teach their students and deliver the material.
Teachers’ ability in assessing and evaluating. Assessment can be an effective
learning process. Effective teachers have good mastery in a variety of assessment methods, equitable practice, and good and fair evaluation system. According to Graham (2001), effective teachers also give positive feedback regularly through the course to inform the students about the learning process. It means that effective teacher will give clearly explanation about the feedback. Hence, students will understand their ability through the feedback.
Teachers’ ability in learning development. Teachers need to increase their
references of various activities to treat their students with different personalities and abilities. According to Rubio (2010), teachers constantly self evaluate, critique and reflect on how well they are getting through to their students, and search for better ways of teaching, new tools , materials and methodologies especially for those who are not achieving learning as good as others. It means that teachers should have many various methods and pick which is suitable for their learners’ condition and their learners’ need. Students have their own characteristics. They join the class with
in learning process. According to Murray and Christison (2011), those experiences also influence how the learners utilize, resist or even create opportunity to use the target language.
Professional skills are important parts of effective teachers. It is because professional skills can influence on students’ understand the materials that teachers taught. Automatically, it is give impact on students’ success in learning process.
Professional skills of teachers are the abilities in mastering teaching technique and control the field of knowledge. In the other words the teachers that have good professional skill certainly have wide knowledge and also be able to teach as well. Review of Related Research
There are many researchers that involve professional skills of effective teachers as the main problem. Some of researches try to identify the qualities of effective teacher. One of the researches was conducted by Rubio (2010), entitle “Effective Teacher Professional Skill and Personal Skill”. This research presents some of the main qualities needed to be effective teachers focusing on the professional and personal skills. There are 11 qualities of professional skills and four qualities of personal skills.
description of the content of professional knowledge required for the successful performance of a teacher’s pedagogical and didactic work.
Conceptual Framework
This section discusses the brief explanation from chapter two. The aim of the research was to find the professional skills of effective teachers. The researcher concerned on explaining the literature of professional skill of effective teachers. Professional skills include skill and knowledge of teacher while teaching their students. Teachers with wide knowledge and good skills give important influence on their effectiveness on the teaching and learning process. Then, their effectiveness gives influence o students’ academic achievement.
By knowing the important of professional skill of effective teachers, the researcher wants to investigate deeply about students’ perception on the professional
Table 2.1. Conceptual framework Professional skills of effective teachers. Rubio (2010) Teachers' ability in content knowledge Teachers' ability in planning lesson
plan Teachers' ability in managing classroom behavior Teachers' ability in identifyng students' ability Teachers' ability in communication skills Teachers' ability in managing confidence Teachers' ability in motivating students Teachers' ability
in respect and fairness Teachers' ability in assesment and
evaluation
Chapter three Research Methodology
This chapter discussed about research methodology. The first section of this chapter focuses on research design that will be implemented in the study. Then, the second section discuss about the description of the participants. The third section explains about data collection method and the reasons why researcher selects the method. Then the data collection procedures described in this section. Finally, data analysis process also discussed to complete the description of the research
methodology of this study. Research Design
The intention of this research was to indicate the professional skills of
effective teacher through the of perception English Education Department student of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta batch 2012. The participants of this study expected to share their perception on the professional skills of effective teacher. Based on the aim, the appropriate research designed for this research was qualitative research. According to Creswell (2014), qualitative research is an approach for
exploring and understanding the sense individuals or group ascribe to a community or human problem.
and researcher. By using the descriptive qualitative research method, the researcher intended to look for the detail information related to the professional skills of effective teacher through EED of UMY students’ perception.
Research Setting
This study was conducted at English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The researcher had two reasons of choosing English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta as the research setting. Since the researcher studied at the department, it was easier for the researcher to gather the data. Second, the students of English Education Department were teacher candidates. Thus, this research would help them to realize earlier how to maximize their potential to be teachers.
Research Participants
The participants of this study were chosen from the students of EED UMY batch 2012. It became the consideration because the students at this batch already have many experiences in education so that they could describe clearly about the characteristics of effective teachers.
availability and convenience. The researcher had chosen the participants who were available and accessible at the time. Thus, they feel free or comfort to describe their perceptions without any pressures.
Data Collection Method
The data collection method used in this research was interview. In the interview process, the researcher used voice recorder in mobile phone to help researcher in interviewing the participants. According to Al-Yateem (2012), the recording can be viewed or listened to repeatedly in case in doubt or during data analysis, and it also provides a basis for reliability and validity. It means that, when researcher and the participant do the interview, all of the sounds will be recorded. This was the reason to get reliability and validity of the data. After recorded the interview process, the researcher transcribe it into text.
In addition, the researcher provided interview guidelines to help her in the process of interview. The interview guidelines were including some questions that given by the researcher to the participants. According to Kajornboon (2005), an interview guide is also an essential component for conducting interview. An
interview guide is the list of questions, topics, and issues that the researcher wanted to cover during the interview. In the other words, interview guideline is important instrument to help the researcher in conduct the interview.
give their information and experiences freely without being forced. There were ten questions that asked to the participants and the interview was conducted in
Indonesian language to avoid misunderstanding between the interviewee and
interviewer. The interview process was conducted approximately 15 -20 minutes for each interviewee. In this case, the questions of interview were consulted first to the supervisor. Thus, the questions would be done before interview process.
In doing the interview, the researcher did two steps. At the first step, the researcher made an appointment with the participant who agreed to do the interview. The reason of making an appointment with them was to arrange the time and place where the
interview conducted. Then, the interview process was implemented through face to face interview or telephone interview. According to Creswell (2014), the researcher can conduct face to face interviews with participants, telephone interviews or engages in focus group interview with six to eight interviewees.
Data Analysis
Data analysis will be a key phase in conducting in this research. According to LeCompte and Schensul (1999) cited in Karlinawati (2015), the data will have to be analyzed as soon as possible after the data have been collected, both while the researcher is still in the field, and later, when the researcher is no longer in the field. The steps of analyzing the data was started by transcribing the interview result. All data that the researcher was collected in interview was transcribed in to text. Then, the researcher asked the interviewees to check the interview
transcriptions. This step was known as member checking. Member checking would be a vital part of this researcher because it was checked the validity of the interview transcript by the participant. In member checking, the participants were checking the result of interview and clarify or add something that is needed.
Chapter Four
Finding and Discussion
This chapter presents the finding of interview about students’ perception on professional skills of Effective teachers at EED of UMY. This research reports the finding which aims to answer the research question proposed in this study based on the interview data. It also provides further discussion of the findings and relates some references that have been reviewed in chapter two. There is one major finding
revealed from this study based on the purposes of the study. The finding reports the EED of UMY students’ perception on professional skills of effective teacher.
EED of UMY Students’ Perception on Professional Skills of Effective Teachers.
The purpose of this research was to figure out the EED of UMY students’ perception on professional skills of effective teacher. Regarding to the research question, the researcher focuses on ten main skills. Those are teachers’ ability in content
knowledge, teachers’ ability in planning the lesson, teachers’ ability in managing the classroom, teachers’ ability in identifying students’ individual differences, teachers’
ability in communication skill, teachers’ ability in motivating students, teachers ability in respect and fairness, teachers’ ability in managing confidence, teachers’ ability in evaluating and giving feedback, and teachers’ ability in learning
development. Those ten categories are described below.
At the beginning on the interview, the researcher asked to the participants about their perceptions on teachers’ ability in content knowledge. Participants said that effective teachers should master in the subject that they teach. In additional, other participants also stated that effective teachers should be able to deliver the material. Effective teachers should master the material that they teach and have good ability in delivering the material.
Related to the ability of effective teacher in content knowledge, the participants have quite similar perception. Andien stated that, “Teachers can be effective teachers if they master the material that they teach and understand what they will deliver to the students”(P.1.1). In line with Dian, she also stated that“effective teachers should
master or expert the material that they teach”( P 2.1).Moreover, two other participants are adding that effective teachers also should able to deliver the material to their students. Yaya said,” Effective teachers should understand and able to know the steps or how to deliver the material” (P 3. 2). It is in line with Mita who stated that
“Effective teacher should have mastering in understanding and have good ability in delivering the knowledge to their students “. (P 4. 1)
(1993) stated that, effective communication of content knowledge is a hallmark of good teachers. Content knowledge is
Based on the statement above, effective teachers should master the content knowledge of the subject that teachers will teach. In additionally, effective teachers also should have ability to deliver the material to their students. However, having good content knowledge is just one of many vital factors and qualities, which an effective teachers need to have in order to enhance learning and achievement. Teachers’ ability in planning lesson.
In the next step of the interview, the participants were asked about their perceptions on teachers’ ability in planning the lesson. The following finding and discussion describe about teachers’ ability in planning the lesson based on students’ opinion in detail. There are two kinds of lesson plan.The first, it is daily lesson plan. The second, it is the whole lesson plan.
Daily lesson plan. The first finding discovers that the effective teachers should have good preparation in planning the daily lesson before starting the class to achieve the teaching process’s goals. Having good content knowledge is not so effective without a well planned lesson. A lesson plan makes the content and the session interesting and involving. Additionally, good preparation also helps the teaching process to achieve the goals. In this case, the data will show participants’ perceptions on effective teachers should able to plan well the daily lesson.
teaching the students in the classroom”(P 1.2). Moreover, other students have other perceptions like Dian, she stated that “effective teachers should consider several aspects such as the students’ ability, lesson goal and media or the other things that
related to who and where they teach. (P2.2). Moreover, the third participant assume that “effective teachers use material and media that appropriate to help teaching
process achieve the lesson goals”( P 3.2). Additionally, the fourth participant stated that “Effective teachers should have good preparation in planning the lesson
including good structure in teaching process, interesting content and effective in using time”. (P 4. 2)
Lesson plan is needed in teaching and learning process. Based on the interview it is revealed that effective teachers should plan the lesson in detail to help learning process achieve the goals. It is in line with Rubio (2010), he stated that, a lesson plan makes the content and the session interesting and fully get involvement. A good planning facilitates clear explanations, and it is provide a wide range of resources suitable to students need.
Based on the statement above, effective teachers should have good preparation in their lesson plan. Lesson plan should detail and help teachers to achieve their teaching process. Detail means lesson plan should consist of several aspects such as students’ need, lesson goals, and media that teachers will use in teaching process.
completely established the rules, assessment system, lesson goals, material and time use. In this case, the data show participant’s perceptions on effective teachers should plan well the whole lesson.
Related to the ability of effective teachers in planning the whole lesson plan, students have different opinions. According to Andien, “in planning the lesson plan in the beginning of the semester, effective teachers should adapt to syllabus.The
effective teachers also offer the rules to the students in beginning of the class. The effective teachers also tell the students assessment system and materials that will they teach” (P.1.3).Moreover the other students have quite same opinion about ability of effective teachers in planning the whole lesson plan. Dian stated that, “effective teachers should plan well the whole lesson plan with consideration to the time and the goals of the lesson”(P.2.3). In line with Yaya, she stated that “effective teachers
should plan well the whole lesson plan with considers to the total of time meeting (P.3.3).In addition, Mita also stated that the effective teachers should adapt the materials with times of meeting in one period or one semester”(P.4.3)
classroom management, classroom organization and expectations for students’ behavior.
Based on the statement above, effective teachers should prepare whole lesson plan well before class start. Whole lesson plan is to anticipate student’s need, and then to prepare a suitable learning plan, procedures, activities, and evaluation criteria. Effective teacher should establish the rules, assessment system, lesson goal and considering the material and time use in one period of learning or one semester. Teachers’ ability in managing the classroom behavior.
In the next step of the interview, the participants were asked about their perceptions on teachers’ ability in manage the classroom behavior. The following finding and discussion describe about the teachers’ ability based on the students’ opinion in detail.
The effective teachers should establish the rules and giving reward and punishment to manage the students’ behavior. Good lesson plan also minimizes the
likelihood of misbehavior. Nevertheless, classroom management behavior is needed to make it more complete. Based on participant’s view, in managing the classroom behavior, the effective teacher should establish the rules and give reward and punishment. In this part, the data will show participant’s perceptions on effective teacher in managing the classroom behavior.
Related to the teachers’ ability in managing the classroom behavior, students
have different opinions. Based on Andiens’ statement, “Effective teacher may give
that, the punishment itself should be considered with the level of students’ mistake”. In the other hands, Dian stated that, “effective teacher should establish the rules in the beginning of class meeting to minimize students’misbehaviour”. (P.2.4). Moreover, Yaya argued that “effective teacher should adapt with student’s characteristics to minimize the students’ behavior. (P.3.4). In addition, Mita stated that,” teacher should be good role model for their student, and able to understand students’ characteristics, thus teacher can manage classroom or students’ behavior”.(P.4.4).
Effective teachers have job to manage the students’ behavior in the classroom. Based on the interview, the effective teacher should establish the rules and giving reward and punishment to manage the students’ behavior. It is in contrast with Wong
and Wong (2005) statement, they stated that, effective teachers manage their students with procedures and routines then, ineffective teacher discipline their classroom with threat and punishments. They also added that, with procedures and routines will help the teachers to maximize and engage the learning time. Moreover, based on the data, giving reward and punishment are effective to manage the student’s behavior in the classroom. Punishment will be adapted with students’ mistake level. The effective teacher also should establish the rules to manage the classroom behavior.
Teachers’ ability in indentifying students’ individual ability.
Related to the teacher’s ability in identifying student’s ability, students have quite the same idea. As stated by Andien that, “Effective teacher use assessment to identify students’ language ability before class started so that teacher can use suitable
method to their students”. (P.1.5). It is also the same as Dian opinion that “effective
teacher should able to identify students’ ability, so the teacher able to use appropriate method to increase their students’ ability”. (P.2.5). Additionally, Yaya stated that “effective teacher in identifying the students’ language ability should makes
communication with the students, then analyze and help students to increase their language ability.(P.3.5). In line with Yaya, Mita also stated that, “In identifying the students’ ability teacher makes communication with the students or analyzing their
writing skill thus teacher can choose the appropriate method to teach them.(P.4.5) Based on the interview, effective teachers should be able to personalize the students’ individual learning. It is in line with Harmer (2001), who stated that, teacher
should know the numbers of students who have good language learning and who have difficulty in language learning. Then, teacher can identify the student learning style and they know suitable technique to teach them. In addition, effective teachers use techniques that best serve the learning needs of their students.
Based on the statement above, effective teacher should able to identify students’ individual ability. It is because every single student has different level
abilities. Effective teachers can use assessment and communication to personalize the students’ language ability. Thus, teacher can use the appropriate technique to help
Teacher’s ability in communication skill.
In the next step of the interview, the participants were asked about their perceptions on teachers’ communication skill. The following finding and discussion described about teachers’ communication skill based on students’ opinion in detail. In
this case, the data will show participants’ perceptions about ability of effective teacher in communication skill.
Related to the teachers’ ability in communication skills, students have various
opinions. According to Andien, “effective teacher should able to be partner of
students and makes students comfort to have communication by understanding the language of students or casual language”. (P.1.6).It means that teacher should
understand the language of students or casual language. Moreover, Dian stated that,” effective teacher should have good communication skills. Effective teacher should able to communicate clearly, or able to explain the hard things to easy things”.
(P.2.6). Then Yaya stated that, “in having communication with the students, effective
teacher should communicate clearly and easy to understand, so the goal of
communication is achieved” (P.3.6). Moreover, Mitastated that “Effective teacher should have good communication, simple, clearly and easy to understand”.(P.4.6)
their ideas. It is in line with Prozesky (2000), he stated that, effective teacher can take something that is complex and present it in a way that can be easily to understand by the student.
As stated before that communication skill is important for teacher, thus effective teacher should be a good communicator. They should communicate clearly to their students, so students can understand easily what teacher talk about. With this way, the objectives of communication between teacher and students will achieve and automatically, the teaching and learning process will run well.
Teachers’ ability in motivating students.
In the next step of the interview, the researcher asked the participants about their perceptions on the ability of effective teacher in motivating their students. The following finding and discussion describe about teachers’ ability in motivating their students based on students’ view. The participants’ perception opinion about effective teachers’ ability in identifying students’ individual will be described in this part.
Effective teacher should able to motivate students in learning such as being a role model of the students, giving reward and positive feedback and know what students’ need.The effective teacher has responsibility on students’ motivation.
They should be able to motivate their students in learning. The students’ opinion of effective teacher in motivating students discuss below.
Related to the teachers’ ability in motivating students, students have various
stated that, “effective teacher can be role model to motive their students. Role model
of effective teacher in motivating students is the lesson of discipline about time and their own learning motivation and effective teacher should comment positively to their students” (P.2.7). In different opinion, Yaya stated that “effective teacher can motivate students with giving positive comment to the students’ attitude and ability
(P.3.7).Additionally, Mita has disimiliar perception. Mita stated that “in motivating students, effective teacher should know what student’s need, and then teacher can give the students’ need” (P. 4.7).
Based on the data, the effective teacher should has ability to motivate students in learning such as being a role model of the students, giving reward and positive comment and know what students’ need. They increase their student’s interest in the subject and the desire to learn more and therefore to have a high level of
achievement. It is in line with Rubio (2010), he stated that, students see the effective teacher as a motivational and a leader when the teachers encourage them to be responsible for their own learning.
Based on the statement above, responsibility of teacher is not only teaching their students, but also motivating students’ learning. In motivating students’
learning, effective teacher can be role model of the students. Role model of effective teacher can be role model in disciplining about time and their own learning
gift but reward can be compliments. Those ways will help teacher to motivate their students in learning.
Teachers’ ability in respect and fairness
In the next step of the interview, the participants were asked about their perceptions on teachers’ respect and fairness to the students. The following finding and discussion described about teachers’ respect and fairness to the students based on students’ opinion in detail.The first part will discuss about teachers’ respect and the second part about teachers’ fairness.
The effective teachers are the one who respects to their students. Effective teacher should respect to their students both inside and outside the classroom, respect on their different background and not giving negative feedback on students’ ability.
The following finding and discussion describe based on students’ opinion in detail. Related to teachers’ ability in respecting the students, students have various perceptions. According to Andien, “effective teacher should respect to their students
inside and outside the classroom.” (P.1.8).It means that Effective teacher should respect the students wherever they are. Then, Dian adding in detail about students’ background that effective teacher should respect. Dian told that, “effective teacher should respect to the students’ background such as, ethnic group or religion and
effective teacher should able to teach about association and respect to the
differences”.(P.2.10). Moreover, Yaya have opinion how to respect the students. She stated that “Effective teacher should respect and fair to their students and not
respect the students. Mita stated that, “in respecting students, effective teacher is not
giving negative comment to the students’ ability”.(P.4.8)
Effective teacher should be objective and transparent in giving score to their students. Teacher should be objective and transparent while giving score to their students. The following finding and discussion describe based on students’ opinion in detail.
Related to the teachers’ ability in fairness to the students, participants have
various perceptions. According to Dian, “effective teachers’ fairness is when the teacher gives score transparently”. (P.1.9). In line with Dian, Yaya also stated that, “effective teacher should objective when giving score to the students” (P.2.11).
Moreover Mita has detail perception about teachers’ ability in fairness. Mita stated that “effective teacher should objective and not differentiate their students’ family
background or economical status”.(P.4.9).
Based on the interview above, effective teacher should respect and fairness to the students. They should respect to their students wherever students are. Effective teacher also should respect to the students’ background such as, ethnic group or
religion and effective teacher should able to teach about association and respect to the differences. Additionally, in fairness to the students, the effective teacher should not differentiate their students’ background and economical status. Teacher also should
classroom, fairness and equity regarding individual situation, age, background, ethnicity, religion, economical status, and so forth.
Effective teacher has job to respect and give fairness to their students. Based on the statements above, effective teacher should respect to their students. Effective teacher also should fair to their students without differentiate their students’ background or economical status In additional, effective teacher also should fair in giving score their students.
Teachers’ ability in managing confidence
In the next step of the interview, the researcher asked to the participants about their perceptions on effective teachers’ confidence. The following finding and
discussion is described based on students’ assume in detail.
Effective teacher should have good self confidence in teaching their students. Effective teacher should have self confidence while teaching their students. It is because, self confidence will influence on students’ expectation. The students’
opinion in teachers’ confidence will discuss in this part.
Related to teachers’ ability in managing confidence, students have quite
similar perceptions. Effective teacher should be confident and show that they are able to teach their students. According to Andien, “effective teacher should confidence and show that they are able to teach their students.” (P.1.10).It is also supported by Dian and Yaya statements. They assume that effective teacher should be confidence in teaching their students, because it will influence the students’ impression to the
teaching process. Dian stated that “effective teacher should confidence in teaching their students. When teacher does not have the confidence, the students will not respect to the teacher and students will hard to be controlled by teacher” (P.2.12). It is in line with Mita, she stated that “effective teacher should owe confidence in teaching their students, because it will influence the students’ impression to the teacher.
Teachers’ confidence can be showed when the teaching processes do”. (P. 4. 10).
Moreover,Yaya have assumption how to manage the confidence while teaching process. Effective teachers should confidence in teaching their students with good preparation before the teaching process. Yaya stated that “Effective teachers should have good confidence with good preparation before class meeting (P.3.10).
Based on the interview above, the effective teacher should have confidence while teaching their students in the classroom. It is because teachers’ confidence will
fully influence on students impression. Students will respect to the teacher who have good confidence in teaching them. Thus, to have good self confidence, effective teacher should prepare well before teaching activity. Teacher’s confidence plays significant role in their effectiveness. It is supported by Rubio (2010), who stated that, when teacher confidence in teaching their students, they achieve a lot in the classroom. It means that, when effective teachers have good ability in managing confidence, students will give good impression on their teachers.
the students. Thus, effective teacher should know well how to teach their students and confidence in delivering the material.
Teachers’ ability in assessing and evaluating
In the next step of the interview, the researcher asked to the participants about their perceptions on the ability of effective teacher in assessing their students and giving feedback. The following finding and discussion described based on students’
opinion in detail.
Firstly, the effective teacher in assessing their students should use appropriate instrument to measure the students’ ability. Appropriate instrument is when
instrument that teachers use is really measure what will teachers’ measure.
Assessment can be an effective learning process. It is because assessment can measure the students’ ability progress. The following finding and discussion is described based on students’ assume in detail.
In this question that researcher asked, the answer is almost same. They agreed that in assessing students’ ability teacher should use appropriate instrument.
According to Andien, “effective teacher should asses the students with appropriate
instrument” (P.1.11). It is in line with Dian, she stated that “in assessing the students,
effective teacher should use the appropriate instrument” (P.2.13). Then Yaya told that “effective teacher should make assessment based on what teachers are going to
measure and use the appropriate instrument”. (P. 4. 11)
feedback will not effectively. It is because feedback will evaluate the students’
mistakes or need to improve. The following finding and discussion is described based on students’ opinion in detail.
Related to teachers’ ability in giving feedback, students have various perceptions. According to Andien “effective teacher in giving feedback should be positive and able to increase students’ motivation and give solution”. (P.1.12).It is quite similar with Dian perception. She stated that “effective teacher in giving feedback should objective and give solution”.(P.2.14). Moreover, based on participant Yaya’sand Mita’s opinion, in giving feedback effective teacher should
give good impact on students’ ability. Yaya said that “effective teacher in giving feedback should give good impact on students’ ability”. (P.3.12).Then, Mita said that, “in giving feedback, effective teacher should repair the students’ mistakes” (P.4.12).
Based on the data above, effective teacher should use an appropriate
instrument to assess their students’ ability. It is hoped that the appropriate instrument will measure the students’ ability. Appropriate instrument is expected to make the
assessment really measure to the ability of students. It is strongly in line with Rubio (2010), assessment can be an effective learning process. It is because assessment can measure the students’ ability. In addition, in evaluating their students, effective
Based on the statement above, effective teacher should use appropriate instrument to assess their students’ ability. Effective teacher also give clearly
explanation about the feedback. Hence, students will understand their ability through the feedback. Then, feedback also helps students increase their ability.
Teachers’ ability in learning development
Effective teachers should enrich their learning development to make the teaching process better. They are very encouraged to develop their learning. It is because teachers’ learning development will give impact on their teaching skill. In this case, the students’ opinion about teachers’ learning development will discuss in
detail.
Related to the teachers’ ability in learning development, students have various
perceptions. The participants have quit similar opinion. They stated that effective teachers should develop their learning activities, learn about technology and developing new material. It is supported by Andien, she stated that, ” effective teachers should wide their learning development, learn about technology and developing new material.(P.1.13). In addition, Yaya told that “in order to make the learning process develop, effective teachers also should develop their learning. They may update information and technology” (P.3.12). It is also in line with Mita, she said
“effective teachers should keep learning and not enough with their knowledge now”
Based on the data, effective teachers need to increase their references of various activities to treat their students. The data also show that effective teachers need self reflection to make the teaching skill improved. It is in line with Rubio (2010), he stated that, effective teachers constantly do self evaluation, critique and reflect on how well they are getting through to their students, and search for better ways of teaching, new tools , materials and methodologies especially for those who are not achieving learning as good as others. It means that effective teachers should have many various methods and pick which is suitable for their learners’ condition and their learners’ need.
Chapter Five
Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter aims to summarize the research result. Beside that, in this chapter the researcher also gives recommendation to the people who related to the discussion of this research.
Conclusion
This research discusses the students’ perception on professional skills that
effective teachers should have. Professional skills of effective teachers are important to be owned by all of teachers. These skills can help teachers to develop their work in teaching and learning process. Besides, professional skills of effective teachers influence students’ success in learning process in the classroom so the research on
professional skills of effective teachers are necessary to be conducted at this department. This research has one main discussion which is about the students’ perception on professional skills that effective teachers should have. This research was designed as a qualitative research with descriptive qualitative approach. The researchers conducted the research from September 2015 to November 2016. There are four students, who participated in this research. The participants were chosen by convenience sampling.
willing to know based on students’ view points. Those are teachers’ ability in content knowledge, teachers’ ability in planning the lesson, teachers’ ability in managing the classroom, teachers’ ability in identifying students individual differences, teachers’
ability in communication skill, teachers’ ability in motivating students, teachers ability in respect and fairness, teachers’ ability in managing confidence, teachers’ ability in evaluating and giving feedback, and teachers’ ability in learning
development. To sum up the result of this research, the researcher presents the conclusion below.
First of all, the findings discovered that effective teachers should have good content knowledge. It can be seen from participants’ opinions. The participants said that in teaching and learning process effective teachers should master the material then they able to deliver the material to their students .The second, the researcher discovered that effective teachers should prepare well about their lesson plan both in daily lesson plan and whole lesson plan in one period or semester. The participants assume that effective teachers should make lesson plan which help the teaching and learning process achieve the goals. The lesson plan should consider several points; those are time management, appropriate materials, and the goals of lesson. The third, effective teachers should establish the rules and giving reward and punishment to manage the students’ behavior. The fourth,effective teachers can use assessment and communication to know the students’ language ability, and then teachers will use the
should be clearly, thus students will easy to understand. The sixth, the effective teachers should able to motivate students in learning process. In motivating students, teachers can be role model of the students, giving reward and positive feedback. Seven the findings also discovered that effective teachers should respect to their students inside and outside the classroom, respect on students’ background and economic status and effective teachers should fair in giving score transparently and objectively. The eighth, effective teachers should have good self confidence in teaching their students with show to the students that teacher are able to teach them. The ninth, effective teachers should asses the students ability with appropriate instrument, giving positive and objective feedback, and giving solution to their students’ problems or mistakes. The last, effective teachers should keep learning with
update information or learn technology to their teaching process to be better. In conclusion, to be effective teachers are not an easy task. In fact, there are several things that should be considered by effective teachers. Effective teachers need to have good professional skills. Good content knowledge, together with good
planning, clear goals of communication, good classroom management behavior, confidence, able to identify students’ ability, giving positive feedback and able to
Recommendation
After the finding has been found, the researcher proposes several
recommendations deal with this study. The recommendation is beneficial to the teachers, students and other researchers.
The teachers. The result of this research is expected to strengthen the awareness that teachers’ professional skill is important in teaching and learning process. That is why the teachers should maintain their professional skill such as con
