Penambahan Enzim Mikroba pada Proses Pembuatan Keju Cheddar

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B u k a n k a h Karni t e l a h m e l a p a n q k a n u n t u k m u d a d a m u ? Dan Kami t e l a h m e n g h i l a n y k a n d a r i p ~ d a m u b e b a n m u , Dan Kami t i n g g i k a n b a g i m u s e b u t a n narnamu.

K a r e n a s e s u n g g u h n y a s e s u d a h k e s u l i t a n i t u a d a k e m u d a h a n . S e s u n g g u h n y a s e s u d a h

k e s u l i t a n i t u a d a k e m u d a h a n . Maka a p a b i l a kamu t e l a h s e l e s a i d a r i s u a t u u r u s a n , k e r j a k s n l a h d e n g a n s u n g g u h - s u n g g u h u r u s a n y a n g l a i n n y a , d a n h a n y a k e p a d a A l l a h - l a h

h e n d a k n y a kamu k e r n b a l i .

U k u r a n s e t i a p o r a n g a d a l a h a m a l a p a y a n g t e l a h d i p e r b u a t n y a . S e b a l i k n y a o r a n g - o r a n g b o d o h a d a l a h musuh-musuh b a g i o r a n g b e r i l r n u . K a r e n a i t u , j a y a l a h d e n g a n i l r n u , n i s c a y a e n g k a u h i d u p k e k s l d e n g a n n y a . S e r n e n t a r a

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S k r i p s i i n i k e p e r s e m b a h k a n u n t u k : I b u d a n B s p a k

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P E N A M B A H A N

ENZIM

MIKWOBA

PADA

P R O S E S

PEMBUATAN

KEJU

CHEDDAR

Ole

h

N G A T M I N I

B

20.0342

F A K U L T A S K E B O K T B R A N WEWAN

I N 5 T f T U T P E R T A W I A N BOGOR

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NGATMINI. P e n a m b a h s n e n z i m m i k r o b a p a d a p r o s e s pembu- a t a n k e j u C h e d d a r ( D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n D r h . A . N i n n y S a n j a y a d a n I r . Eman K u s t a m a n ) .

B a h a n d a s a r k e j u a d a l a h p r o t e i n d a n l e m a k y a n g h a

-

n y a t e r d a p ~ t d a l a m a i r s u s u . P r o t e i n s u s u t e r d i r i d a r i 80 % k a s e i n , 8 % l a k t a l b u m i n d a n 0 , 5

-

0 , 7 % l a k t o g l o - b u l i n . K a s e i n t e r d i r i d a r i d ,

,

7

d a n k - k a s e i n y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g d a l a m p e m b u a t a n k e j u . K a s e i n d i d a l a m a i r s u s u b e r i k a t a n d e n g a n k a l s i u m s e b a g a i k a l s i u m k a s e i n a t ( E c k l e s

-

e t

-# a l 1 9 8 0 ) .

P r o t e i n s u s u d a p a t d i g u m p a l k a n d e n g a n r n e n g g u n a k a n a s a m , a l k o h o l d a n p r o t e a s e a s a m s e p e r t i r e n n e t ( E c k l e s e t a 1 1 9 8 0 ) . R e n n e t m e r u p a k a n g a b u n g a n d a r i r e n n i n

--

_ *

d a n p e p s i n . R e n n e t d i e k s t r a k d a r i l a m b u n g k e e m p e t r u - m i n a n s i a . R e n n e t y s n g d i e k ~ t r a k d a r i l a r n b u n g a n a k s a p i y a n g ms.qih m e n y u s u , m e n g a n d u n g 8 8

-

94 % r e n n i n d a n 6 -

1 2 _% _{p e p s i n , s e d a n g k a n r e n n e t y a n g d i e k s t r a k d a r i . s a p i}

d e w a s a m e n g a n d u n g 9 0

-

94 % p e p s i n d a n 6

-

1 0 % r e n n i n ( S c o t t , 1 9 8 1 ) .

M i k r o b a y a n g d a p a t m e n g h a r i l k a n e n z i m m e n y e r u p a i r e n n i n a d a l a h E n d o t h i a p a r a s i t i c a , M u c o r p u s i l l u s ,

Mu-

c o r m e i h e i , A s p e r g i l l u s c a n d i d u s ( M a t s u b a r a d a n F e d e r

--

-

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K e j u m e r u p a k a n p r o d u k s e g a r a t a u h ? s i l p e m a t a n g a n k o a g u l u m d a r i s u s u p e n u h , s u s u s k i m a t a u c a m p u r a n s u s u p e n u h d a n s u s u s k i m ( S c o t t , 1 9 8 1 ) .

Nama v a r i e t a s k e j u " C h e d d a r " b e r a s a l d a r i nama

se

b u a h d e s a d i I n g g r i s . K e j u C h e d d a r rncrwpakan k e j u k e -

r a s y a n g m e n g a l a m i p e m a t a n g a n . P r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r b e r l a n g s u n g s e l a m a 2

-

1 2 b u l a n a t a u l e b i h p a - d a t e m p e r a t u r 2

-

1 6 ' ~ ( N a t i o n a l D a i r y C o u n c i l , 1 9 6 7 ) . M e n u r u t E c k l e s

- -

e t a 1 ( 3 9 8 0 ) p e m 3 t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r

se

b a i k n y a d i l a k u k a n p s d a t e m p e r a t u r 4 , 4

-

1 8 , 6 O ~ s e l a r n a

1

-

3 _{b u l a n .}

K e j u C h e d d a r s e b a g i a n b e s a r d i b u a t d a r i s u s u p a s - t e u r i s a s i . P a s t e u r i s a s i s u s u d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k membu- n u h kuman-kuman p a t o g e n . P a d a p a s t e u r i s a s i b a n y a k e n - z i m y a n g r u s a k . P e n a r n b a h a n e n z i r n e k s o g e n u s ke d a l a r n c u r d d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k rnempercepa t pema t a n q a n d a n rne- n i n g k a t k a n c i t a r a s a k e j u .

E n z i m m i k r o b a y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k r n e m p e r c e p F t p e

-

m a t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r a d a l a h e n z i m l i p a s e d a r i P e n i c i l l i u m r o a u e f o r t i ( J o l l y d a n K o s i k o w s k i , 1 9 7 3 ) , p r o t e a s e

--A

--

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PENAMBAHAN E N Z I M MIKROBA PADA

P R O S E S PEMBUATAN KEJU CHEDDAR

S K R I P S I

D i a j u k a n S e b a g a i S a l s h S a t u S y a r a t U n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e L a r D o k t e r H e w a n P a d a

F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n H e w a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

Q l e h

N G A T M I N I B 2 0 0 3 4 2

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN I N S T I T U T P E R T A N I A N BOGOR

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O l e h N G A T M I N I

B 2 0 0 3 4 2

T e l a h D i p e r i k s a d a n D i s e t u j u i O l e h :

P e m b i m b i n g I P e m b i m b i n g I1

( I r . Eman K u s t a m a n ) D o s e n I l m u P e n y a k i t Hewan D o s e n B i o k i m i a FMIPh d a n K e s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t ( F a k u l t a s M a t e m a t i k a V e t e r i n e r F a k u l t a s K e d o k - d s n I l m u P a s t i ? l ? m )

t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n

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RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n d i K l a t e n , J a w a T e n g a h p a d a t a n g g a l 5 J a n u a r i 1 9 6 4 , d a r i I b u L a s i y e m d a n B a p a k P a - w i r o r e d j o . P e n u l i s m e r u p a k a n a n a k k e e n a m d a r i s e m b i l a n b e r s a u d a r a .

P e n d i d i k a n y a n g p e r n a h d i t e m p u h , SD N e g e r i K a r a n g D e l a n g g u K l a t e n s e l a m a t i g a t a h u n , k e m u d i a n m e n y e l e s a i

-

k a n S e k o l a h D a s a r p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 6 d i SD N e g e r i S r o n d o l S e m a r a n g , S e k o l a h Menengah P e r t a m a t a h u n 1 9 8 0 d i SMP P e r s i t K a r t i k a C h a n d r a K i r a n a S r o n d o l S e m a r a n g d a n S e - k o l a h Menengah A t a s p a d a t a h u n 1983 d i SMA N e g e r i D e

-

l a n g g u K l a t e n .

P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 3 p e n u l i s d i t e r i m a d i T i n g k a t P e r s i a p a n B e r s a m a I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r m e l a l u i j a l u r Pg

n e l u s u r a n Mina t d a n Kemampuan (PMDK) d a n m a s u k F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r p a d a t a h u n

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KATh _PENGANTAR

P u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i r p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t A l l a h s w t . y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n Rahmat d a n H i d a y a h - N y a s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i . T u l i s a n i n i m e r u p a k a n h a s i l s t u d i l i t e r a t u r y a n g m e r u - p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r D o k t e r Hewan p a d a F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

P a d a k e . 5 e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n y a m p a i k a n r a s a t e - r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e d a l a m - d a l a m n y a k e p a d a :

1. I b u D r h . A . Winny S a n j a y a d a n B a p a k Ir. Eman K u s t a man s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e l u

-

a n g k a n w a k t u u n t u k membimbing d a n m e n g a r a h k a n p e n u

-

l i s s e l a m a p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i .

2 . B a p a k D e k a n F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r

-

t a n i a n B o g o r (FKH-IPB) b e s e ~ t a s t a f d o s e n d a n p e g a

-

w a i d i l i n g k u n g a n IPB, a t a s s e g a l a b a n t u a n d a n b i m - b i n g a n n y a s e l a m a p e n u l i s m e n u n t u t i l m u , k h u s u s n y a d i FKH.

3 . P i m p i n a n d a n s t a t p e r p u s t a k a a n d i l i n g k u n g a n I P B d a n B a l a i P e n e l i t i a n P e n y a k i t Hewan B o g o r y a n g t e -

l ? h membantu m e n y e d i a k a n b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g d i p e r l u - k a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i .

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5 . S e m u a ~ i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e m b a n t u d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i - k a n s k r i p s i i n i , b a i k s e c a r a l s n g s u n g maupun t i d a k

l a n g s u n g , k h u s u s n y a A b d u l J a b b a r .

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Tabel 3.

Kandungan Nutrien Utama pada Beberapa Varietas Keju

(per 100 gram)

1

2

_ｾ＠

!±

'5

b

_ｾ＠

7

8

Q

10

"

Varietas

［ｾ･ｪｵ＠ grm

kal

grm

mg

Cheddar

37.0

398

25.0

32.2

2.1

750

478

1.0

700

82

Proses Pasteurisasi

Amerika Cheese

40.0

370

23.2

30.0

1.9

697

771+

.9

1136

+

80

Cheese Food

43.2

323

19.8

24.0

7.1

570

754'"

.8

Cheese Spread

48.6

288

16.0

21.4

8.2

565

ＸＷＵｾ＠

.6

1625+

240

Blue

40.0

368

21.5

30.5

2.0

315

339

.5

Brick

41.0

370

22.5

30.5

1.9

730

455

·9

Camembert

52.2

299

17.5

24.7

1.8

105

184

.5

III

Cottage

79.0

86

17.0

0.3

2.7

90

175

.1+

290

72

Creamed Cottage

78.3

106

13.6

4.2

2.9

94

152

.3

229

85

Cream

51.0

374

8.0

37.7

2.1

62

95

.2

250

74

Limburger

45.0

345

21.2

28.0

2.2

590

393

.6

Parmesan

30.0

393

36.0

26.0

2.9

1140

781

.4

734

149

Swiss

39.0

370

27.5

28.0

1.7

925

563

.9

710

104

Proses Pasteurisasi

Swiss Cheese

40.0

355

26.4

26.9

1.6

887

867+

.9

1167·

100

Sumber : National Dairy Council, 1967.

Keterangan :

1. Air

8.

Besi

2.

Energi makanan C' _{1 ·} _{ｓｯ､ｩｵｾＺｊＮ＠}

3. Protein

10.

Potasiu.m

4.

Lemak

11.

Vitamin A

5. Karbohidrat

12.

Thiamin

6. Kalsium

13.

Riboflavin

7.

Phosphor

14.

Niacin

+. Jika ditarnbah dengan pengernulsi yan[ tid3k mcngandung

[image:28.849.49.741.45.383.2]

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B u k a n k a h Karni t e l a h m e l a p a n q k a n u n t u k m u d a d a m u ? Dan Kami t e l a h m e n g h i l a n y k a n d a r i p ~ d a m u b e b a n m u , Dan Kami t i n g g i k a n b a g i m u s e b u t a n narnamu.

K a r e n a s e s u n g g u h n y a s e s u d a h k e s u l i t a n i t u a d a k e m u d a h a n . S e s u n g g u h n y a s e s u d a h

k e s u l i t a n i t u a d a k e m u d a h a n . Maka a p a b i l a kamu t e l a h s e l e s a i d a r i s u a t u u r u s a n , k e r j a k s n l a h d e n g a n s u n g g u h - s u n g g u h u r u s a n y a n g l a i n n y a , d a n h a n y a k e p a d a A l l a h - l a h

h e n d a k n y a kamu k e r n b a l i .

U k u r a n s e t i a p o r a n g a d a l a h a m a l a p a y a n g t e l a h d i p e r b u a t n y a . S e b a l i k n y a o r a n g - o r a n g b o d o h a d a l a h musuh-musuh b a g i o r a n g b e r i l r n u . K a r e n a i t u , j a y a l a h d e n g a n i l r n u , n i s c a y a e n g k a u h i d u p k e k s l d e n g a n n y a . S e r n e n t a r a

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S k r i p s i i n i k e p e r s e m b a h k a n u n t u k : I b u d a n B s p a k

(64)

P E N A M B A H A N

ENZIM

MIKWOBA

PADA

P R O S E S

PEMBUATAN

KEJU

CHEDDAR

Ole

h

N G A T M I N I

B

20.0342

F A K U L T A S K E B O K T B R A N WEWAN

I N 5 T f T U T P E R T A W I A N BOGOR

(65)

NGATMINI. P e n a m b a h s n e n z i m m i k r o b a p a d a p r o s e s pembu- a t a n k e j u C h e d d a r ( D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n D r h . A . N i n n y S a n j a y a d a n I r . Eman K u s t a m a n ) .

B a h a n d a s a r k e j u a d a l a h p r o t e i n d a n l e m a k y a n g h a

-

n y a t e r d a p ~ t d a l a m a i r s u s u . P r o t e i n s u s u t e r d i r i d a r i 80 % k a s e i n , 8 % l a k t a l b u m i n d a n 0 , 5

-

0 , 7 % l a k t o g l o - b u l i n . K a s e i n t e r d i r i d a r i d ,

,

7

d a n k - k a s e i n y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g d a l a m p e m b u a t a n k e j u . K a s e i n d i d a l a m a i r s u s u b e r i k a t a n d e n g a n k a l s i u m s e b a g a i k a l s i u m k a s e i n a t ( E c k l e s

-

e t

-# a l 1 9 8 0 ) .

P r o t e i n s u s u d a p a t d i g u m p a l k a n d e n g a n r n e n g g u n a k a n a s a m , a l k o h o l d a n p r o t e a s e a s a m s e p e r t i r e n n e t ( E c k l e s e t a 1 1 9 8 0 ) . R e n n e t m e r u p a k a n g a b u n g a n d a r i r e n n i n

--

_ *

d a n p e p s i n . R e n n e t d i e k s t r a k d a r i l a m b u n g k e e m p e t r u - m i n a n s i a . R e n n e t y s n g d i e k ~ t r a k d a r i l a r n b u n g a n a k s a p i y a n g ms.qih m e n y u s u , m e n g a n d u n g 8 8

-

94 % r e n n i n d a n 6 -

1 2 _% _{p e p s i n , s e d a n g k a n r e n n e t y a n g d i e k s t r a k d a r i . s a p i}

d e w a s a m e n g a n d u n g 9 0

-

94 % p e p s i n d a n 6

-

1 0 % r e n n i n ( S c o t t , 1 9 8 1 ) .

M i k r o b a y a n g d a p a t m e n g h a r i l k a n e n z i m m e n y e r u p a i r e n n i n a d a l a h E n d o t h i a p a r a s i t i c a , M u c o r p u s i l l u s ,

Mu-

c o r m e i h e i , A s p e r g i l l u s c a n d i d u s ( M a t s u b a r a d a n F e d e r

--

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K e j u m e r u p a k a n p r o d u k s e g a r a t a u h ? s i l p e m a t a n g a n k o a g u l u m d a r i s u s u p e n u h , s u s u s k i m a t a u c a m p u r a n s u s u p e n u h d a n s u s u s k i m ( S c o t t , 1 9 8 1 ) .

Nama v a r i e t a s k e j u " C h e d d a r " b e r a s a l d a r i nama

se

b u a h d e s a d i I n g g r i s . K e j u C h e d d a r rncrwpakan k e j u k e -

r a s y a n g m e n g a l a m i p e m a t a n g a n . P r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r b e r l a n g s u n g s e l a m a 2

-

1 2 b u l a n a t a u l e b i h p a - d a t e m p e r a t u r 2

-

1 6 ' ~ ( N a t i o n a l D a i r y C o u n c i l , 1 9 6 7 ) . M e n u r u t E c k l e s

- -

e t a 1 ( 3 9 8 0 ) p e m 3 t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r

se

b a i k n y a d i l a k u k a n p s d a t e m p e r a t u r 4 , 4

-

1 8 , 6 O ~ s e l a r n a

1

-

3 _{b u l a n .}

K e j u C h e d d a r s e b a g i a n b e s a r d i b u a t d a r i s u s u p a s - t e u r i s a s i . P a s t e u r i s a s i s u s u d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k membu- n u h kuman-kuman p a t o g e n . P a d a p a s t e u r i s a s i b a n y a k e n - z i m y a n g r u s a k . P e n a r n b a h a n e n z i r n e k s o g e n u s ke d a l a r n c u r d d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k rnempercepa t pema t a n q a n d a n rne- n i n g k a t k a n c i t a r a s a k e j u .

E n z i m m i k r o b a y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k r n e m p e r c e p F t p e

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m a t a n g a n k e j u C h e d d a r a d a l a h e n z i m l i p a s e d a r i P e n i c i l l i u m r o a u e f o r t i ( J o l l y d a n K o s i k o w s k i , 1 9 7 3 ) , p r o t e a s e

--A

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PENAMBAHAN E N Z I M MIKROBA PADA

P R O S E S PEMBUATAN KEJU CHEDDAR

S K R I P S I

D i a j u k a n S e b a g a i S a l s h S a t u S y a r a t U n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e L a r D o k t e r H e w a n P a d a

F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n H e w a n

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Q l e h

N G A T M I N I B 2 0 0 3 4 2

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN I N S T I T U T P E R T A N I A N BOGOR

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O l e h N G A T M I N I

B 2 0 0 3 4 2

T e l a h D i p e r i k s a d a n D i s e t u j u i O l e h :

P e m b i m b i n g I P e m b i m b i n g I1

( I r . Eman K u s t a m a n ) D o s e n I l m u P e n y a k i t Hewan D o s e n B i o k i m i a FMIPh d a n K e s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t ( F a k u l t a s M a t e m a t i k a V e t e r i n e r F a k u l t a s K e d o k - d s n I l m u P a s t i ? l ? m )

t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n

(69)

RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n d i K l a t e n , J a w a T e n g a h p a d a t a n g g a l 5 J a n u a r i 1 9 6 4 , d a r i I b u L a s i y e m d a n B a p a k P a - w i r o r e d j o . P e n u l i s m e r u p a k a n a n a k k e e n a m d a r i s e m b i l a n b e r s a u d a r a .

P e n d i d i k a n y a n g p e r n a h d i t e m p u h , SD N e g e r i K a r a n g D e l a n g g u K l a t e n s e l a m a t i g a t a h u n , k e m u d i a n m e n y e l e s a i

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k a n S e k o l a h D a s a r p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 6 d i SD N e g e r i S r o n d o l S e m a r a n g , S e k o l a h Menengah P e r t a m a t a h u n 1 9 8 0 d i SMP P e r s i t K a r t i k a C h a n d r a K i r a n a S r o n d o l S e m a r a n g d a n S e - k o l a h Menengah A t a s p a d a t a h u n 1983 d i SMA N e g e r i D e

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l a n g g u K l a t e n .

P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 3 p e n u l i s d i t e r i m a d i T i n g k a t P e r s i a p a n B e r s a m a I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r m e l a l u i j a l u r Pg

n e l u s u r a n Mina t d a n Kemampuan (PMDK) d a n m a s u k F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r p a d a t a h u n

(70)

KATh _PENGANTAR

P u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i r p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t A l l a h s w t . y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n Rahmat d a n H i d a y a h - N y a s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i . T u l i s a n i n i m e r u p a k a n h a s i l s t u d i l i t e r a t u r y a n g m e r u - p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r D o k t e r Hewan p a d a F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

P a d a k e . 5 e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n y a m p a i k a n r a s a t e - r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e d a l a m - d a l a m n y a k e p a d a :

1. I b u D r h . A . Winny S a n j a y a d a n B a p a k Ir. Eman K u s t a man s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e l u

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a n g k a n w a k t u u n t u k membimbing d a n m e n g a r a h k a n p e n u

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l i s s e l a m a p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i .

2 . B a p a k D e k a n F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n Hewan I n s t i t u t P e r

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t a n i a n B o g o r (FKH-IPB) b e s e ~ t a s t a f d o s e n d a n p e g a

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w a i d i l i n g k u n g a n IPB, a t a s s e g a l a b a n t u a n d a n b i m - b i n g a n n y a s e l a m a p e n u l i s m e n u n t u t i l m u , k h u s u s n y a d i FKH.

3 . P i m p i n a n d a n s t a t p e r p u s t a k a a n d i l i n g k u n g a n I P B d a n B a l a i P e n e l i t i a n P e n y a k i t Hewan B o g o r y a n g t e -

l ? h membantu m e n y e d i a k a n b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g d i p e r l u - k a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i .

(71)

5 . S e m u a ~ i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e m b a n t u d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i - k a n s k r i p s i i n i , b a i k s e c a r a l s n g s u n g maupun t i d a k

l a n g s u n g , k h u s u s n y a A b d u l J a b b a r .