ABSTRAK
Unsur krom adalah komponen utama dalam limbah cair industri pelapisan logam. Banyak metoda yang telah digunakan untuk memisahkan krom dari limbah cair tersebut diantaranya resin penukar ion, perlakuan kimia dan biosorpsi. Biosorpsi logam berat telah menjadi alternatif untuk detoxifikasi dan perolehan kembali unsur-unsur beracun sehingga limbah cair tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan kembali.
Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pemanfaatan jamur merang sebagai penyerap logam krom dalam limbah cair industri pelapisan logam. Sampel yang digunakan adalah limbah cair industri pelapisan logam dan limbah cair sintetis. Variabel yang digunakan waktu kontak dan konsentrasi biomasa jamur merang. Kadar krom limbah cair sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan diukur dengan Atomic Absorption Spectroskopy (AAS) DR 890 Hach pada panjang gelombang 540 nm dengan metode 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide. Total padatan suspensi (TSS) dan pH dalam limbah cair tersebut juga diukur. Biomasa jamur merang dapat menurunkan kadar logam krom dalam limbah cair industri pelapisan logam dengan proses biosorpsi. Penyisihan logam krom dengan biomasa jamur merang di dalam limbah cair sintetis lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penyisihan logam krom dalarn limbah cair industri pelapisan logam. Untuk limbah cair industri pelapisan logam dengan rentang waktu kontak optimum 6 jam dan jumlah biomasa jamur merang sebesar 15 g/50 mL diperoleh penurunan kadar logam krom sebesar 84,3. %.Derajat keasaman sangat baik ( pH 7) kandungan padatan pada suspensi total adalah 16,4 mg/L sesuai dengan batas maksimum yang diperoleh berdasarkan regulasi pemerintah (Kep51/MENLH/10/1995 tentang baku mutu limbah cair bagi kegiatan industri).
Kata kunci : Biosorpsi, Jamur Merang, Logam Krom, Limbah cair indutri pelapisan logam
ABSTRACT
Chrome is a main composition in wastewater of electroplating industry. Several methods had been used to separate chrome from the wastewater, such as resin for ion exchange, chemical treatment and biosorption. Heavy metal biosorpsion has been adapted as potential alternative for detoxification and adsorbing the poisoning elements/substances from wastewater therefore it can be reused. The research was focused at functioning edible mushroom as adsorbent of chrome metal in wastewater of electroplating industry. The sample used was wastewater of electroplating industry and synthetic wastewater. Variable conducted was contact time with time variation and concentration of edible mushroom biomass. The chrome contents in wastewater before and after treatment was measured by using the Atomic Absorption Spectroskopy (AAS) DR 890 Hach on the wave length of 540 nm with method of 1.5-diphenylearbohydrazide. Total suspended solids (TSS) and pH in the wastewater was also measured. Biomass of edible mushroom can reduce the content of metal chrome in waste of electroplating industry with the biosorption process. The number of metal chrome separated with biomass of edible mushroom in synthetic wastewater was higher than in wastewater of the electroplating industry. For wastewater of electroplating industry, by using the optimum contact time of 6 hours and the total amount of edible mushroom was l5g/50 mL, the separation of chrome content was 84.3 %. The degree of acidity was very good (pH 7) and the content of total suspended solids was 16,4 mg/L which is relevant to the maximum limit due to the government regulation (Kep-51/MENLH/10/1995 about the standard quality of wastewater for industry activities).
Keyword : Biosorption, edible mushroom, metal chrome, wastewater of electroplating industry.
