TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF SLANG
EXPRESSION
IN SPY MOVIE SCRIPT
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of
The degree of Magister Humaniora
By :
ANISA SRI MANTARI
Registration Number: 8146111005
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM SCHOOL STATE
i ABSTRAK
Anisa Sri Mantari.Strategi Terjemahan dari “Ungkapan Bahasa Slang”dalam Spy movie. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.
ii ABSTRACT
ANISA SRI MANTARI . Translation Translation Strategies of Slang Expression in Spy Movie Script. English Applied Linguistics Study Program , Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2016.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and
the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His Blessing
in the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who has guided us to the better life of today.
In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
his by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda
Murni,. M.S as my first advisor and Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP. as my second
advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holilla
Pulungan, M.Hum.. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study
Program who have assisted his in processing the administration requirements
during the process of hih studies in the Postgraduate School of the State
University of Medan.
The writer’s great thanks also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof.
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Anni Holilla Pulungan, M.Hum..M.S.
They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements for
this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all lecturers taught
iv
Finally, her special gratitude is dedicated to her beloved parents H. Amni
Tanjung and Hj. Syamsul Anwar Panggabeanf who give his pray, motivation, love
support, and also endless praying. And also special thank for my beloved sister,
brother, and the whole families who always support her and no suitable word that
can fully describe their everlasting love and express how much he loves them.
Then, last but not least, his gratitude goes to his friends of LTBI A2 who
have supported him to conduct this thesis, especially for khadijah, yanti, wiwid,
rahmi, jenk pida thanks for alway there for her.
Medan, Mei 2016
The writer,
v
2.7 Translation of Slang expression ... 23
2.8 Slang...…………... 27
3.3 Techniques of Data Collection ... 37
3.4 Techniques of Data Analysis ... 37
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 41
4.1 Data Analysis ... 41
4.1.1 Slang expressiion Occur in Translating Spy movie... 42
4.1.2 Translation Strategies are Used in Spy movie ... 46
vi
4.2 Research Findings ... 54
4.3 Discussions ... 55
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 57
5.1 Conclusions ... 57
5.2 Suggestions ... 58
vii
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF APPENDIXES
1
situations. People usually use formal or standart language in formal context, while
in informal context people usually use informal one. There are some kinds of
language variaties that used in informal context, one of them is slang. The use of
slang has developed from time to time. Long time ago, slang was mostly used by
criminals, but now many communities make their own slang. They create a lot of
new words and modify standard words for internal using.
According to Chloupek ( 2013), “slang is an ever changing set of words
and phrases that speakers use to establish or reinforce social identity or
cohesiveness within a group or with a trend or fashion in society at large. The
existence of vocabulary of this sort within a language is possibly as old as
language itself, for slang seems to be part of any language used in ordinary
interaction by a community large enough and diverse enough to have identifiable
subgroups.”
It is often taboo and unlikely to be used by people of high status. It tends
to displace conventional terms. Coleman (2004) Slang is informal, nonstandard
words and phrases, generally shorter lived than the expressions of ordinary
colloquial speech, and typically formed by creative, often witty juxtapositions of
2
It is more effective than standard or conventional English to describing
sport, sex, and intoxication in daily conversation. .
Slang’s primary reason for being was to establish a sense of commonality
among its speakers. What differentiate slang from other categories of speech is the
reasons for using it. Hotten (2008) says that the reason for using slang language is
the desire to be different, to enrich the language, to engage in playfulness, to
identify one’s self with the certain school, trade or social class and to be secret.
Slang is always used self-consciously, with the desire to create a particular
identity. Slang changes its identity according to who is speaking. What is slang
toone, to another is not, depending on ones educational, economic or social
position, and even according to location and generation. Slang also changes over
time, and either disappears quickly.
Slang expressions often embody attitudes and values of group members.
They may thus contribute to a sense of group identity and may convey to the
listener information about the speaker’s background. Before an apt expression
becomes slang, however, it must be widely adopted by members of the subculture.
Slang emanates from conflicts in values, sometimes superficial, often
fundamental. When an individual applies language in a new way to express
hostility, ridicule, or contempt, often with sharp wit, he may be creating slang, but
the new expression will perish unless it is picked up by others. If the speaker is a
member of a group that finds that his creation projects the emotional reaction of
its members toward an idea, person, or social institution, the expression will gain
3
There are some reasons which make slang become a problem for the
translator in translating film. They are the difficulties in understanding the
meaning and in finding the equivalence. It needs the translator understanding
about the meaning of slang it self. It is because slang is uncommon language.
Sometimes, it causes the translator misunderstand the real meaning of slang
because slang contains specific terms. It means that slang should be tackled
carefully in translation.
Schjoldager (2008) states that translating non-standard language such
slang words is not a simple task. Even though the skilled translator has understood
the original of the source text, the cultural background, and the social level, the
problem of translation still remains of how to reproduce the different variety of
English and how to transfer it to another language. Thus, it needs some strategies
of translation in order to overcome these issues. In this research, thw writer
choose the translation strategies proposed by Mona Baker to analyze the
translation of slang expression in the “ Spy” movie script.
A study about slang expression and it’s strategies has been conducted by
Allison (2012) with entitle “ An analysis of slang expression in “The Expandable
“ movie into persian. The authors of this study have applied translation strategies
of translation to English-Persian slang expression, this study aims to decide how
successful the two Persian translations had been in preserving the slangs of the
movie and to discuss the major problems in translating slang in the movie ―The
4
In this study, 72 slang items were randomly regarded, compared and
analyzed based on the Mona Baker’s strategy. The results showed that in the case
of preserving slang items in the translation of dialogues, based on the strategy
proposed by Mona Baker and with regard to the results of both translations are
similar in their application of the strategies in preserving slang items. The results
also indicate that the most frequently employed translation strategy for
transferring slang in ―”The Expandable” in both translations is translation by a more general word (superordinate) “Translation by a more general word
(superordinate) is one of the commonest strategies dealing with many types of non
equivalence, particularly in the area of propositional meaning”. Since there is a
trend of domestication in the target text, it attests to the fluency of the translation
and the translator's invisibility. It should be considered that although many readers
understand and accept translations which are domesticated, the cultural and
linguistic features of the ST are sacrificed for the naturalness and fluency of the
translation.
However, using strategy can reproduce the original picture and truthfully
transform the human atmosphere and spiritual essence of the ST, especially to the
parts where the source culture is different from the target cultures. It is good for
combining two cultures and is beneficial for keeping the characteristics of the SL
texts. Nevertheless, it may cause an information overload and cultural shock, and
5
Based on the prior observations, some studies have reported significant
differences in the opposite direction. There was a gap between fact and theory.
According to Mona Baker ( 1992) there are eight translation strategy that we
used to translate text, book, or even movie, But after analyzed a half of data in
“Spy” the writer found that the translation strategy proposed by Mona Baker is
not enought to translate the slang expression in the “ Spy” movie.
The impersonal was found there are several slang expression that can’t be
translate by using translation strategy proposed by Baker. The writer found one
new strategy that can be use to translate slang expression that can’t translate by
translation strategy proposed by Baker . The new strategy is expansion. Expansion
is used when the original requires an explanation because of some cultural nuance
not retrievable in the target language. It adds an explanation in the TT because
some cultural references from ST do not exist in the TT.
Example :
ST : I shouldn't have been looking for my ChapStick
TT : Aku seharusnya tidak mencari lipstikku
The speaker uttered the expression chapstick, becaused the speaker wanted
to express her dissapointed for wasting her time to look for something meanwhile
she has important bussiness to doat the time. The translator translates the the slang
expression “ my chapstick “ into lipstikku in Indonesian because the source item
is not lexicalized at all in target language. So, we need expansion strategy as an
6
From the preliminary data above, it can be conclude that The translation of
slang is a difficult task for every translator since this language phenomenon is
closely knit with the culture and society of the source language. The strategies
discussed in the translation of slang help much to perform the action of
translation. However, the translator should achieve such translation which is
linguistically correct and acceptable to the reader of the target language.
1.2. Problem of Study
Based on the description of the background of the study stated above, the
problems of the study are formulated as following:
1. What types of translation strategies were used in “Spy” movie ?
2. How the translation strategies were transferred into the target language ?
3. Why the translation strategies were used in “Spy” movie ?
1.3. The Objectives of Study
The objectives of this study are to answer the three research questions, as
formulated above. To be more specific, the objectives of the study are:
1. To analyze the types of translation strategies in “Spy” movie
2. To analyze How the translation strategies were transferred into the target
language
3. To analyze the reason why translation strategies were used in “Spy” movie in
7
The Significances of the Study
Finding of the study are expected taken significant theoretical and
practical. Theoretically, the findings of the present study are expected to be useful
for those who are interested in translation work especially for the translation of
phrasal verb.
Practically, it is also hoped that it will be useful for translator who is
concerned with translating and the researcher hopes that this research will provide
