The role of pesantren in the development of primary education in indonesia

STUD lA ISL

INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Volume I, Number 2, 1994

•

ISLAM AND PARTY POLITICS IN RURAL JAVA

Bambang Pranowo

THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN INDONESIAN AND ALGERIAN HISTORY:

A Comparative Analysis

Johan H. Meuleman

GUARDING THE FAITH OF THE UMMAH:

Religio-lntellectual Journey of Mohammad Rasjidi

Azyumardi Azra

STUD lA ISLAMIKA

Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Volume I, No. 2, 1994

EDITORIAL BOARD:

Harun Nasution Mastuhu

M. Quraish Sbihab A Aziz Dab/an M. Satria Effendi Nabilah Lubis M. Yunan Yusuf Komaruddin Hidayat Dien Syamsuddin Muslim Nasution Wahib Mu 'tbi

EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Azyumardi Azra

EDITORS:

Saiful Muzani Hendro Prasetyo ]ohan H. Meuleman Nuru/Fajri Badri Yatim

AsSISTANfS TO THE EDITOR:

ArifSubhan Much/is Ainurrafik

ENGUSH LANGUAGE ADVISOR:

judith M. Dent

COVER DESIGNER:

S. Prinka

STUDIA IsLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a Journal published quarterly by Institut

Agama Islam Negeri (WN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) Syarif

Hidayatullah, Jakarta, (SIT DEPPEN No. 129;SK,/DI1JEN/PPG;SIT/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.

Zamakhsyari Dhofier

The Role of Pesantren in

the Development of Primary

Education in Indonesia

Abstract: Pesantrens are special Indonesian Islamic educational

institutions. Having developed as a modern Islamic institutions, pesantren, which in the past confined their roles tothe teaching of

religious knowledge, adopt both Western and national education systems and thereby actively support the compulsory education program

started in 1984.

There was a dualism in the national education system prior to 1989.

Modern public educational institutions, which adopt Western education in science and technology, were under the authority of the Ministry of Education and Culture (DEPDIKBUD). Meanwhile,

religious educational institutions, including pesantren, were

administered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (DEPAG). The government has long attempted to solve this dualism.

From early on the government has recognized that pesantren has played a positive role in enhancing both the spiritual and intellectual life of the nation. Before the independence of Indonesia pesatren has adopted some modern educational features: application of formal-classical method, providing woman with opportunities to receive education and teaching secular knowledge. However, because of some pesantrens' weaknesses, the government still needs to develop these

processes. The government established madrasah soon after

Independence and adopted its system into the pesantren. In order to pursue the process of modernization of the pesantren, the government

issued a joint decision in March 1975, which included placing

DEPDIKBUD in charge of providing teachers of secular knowledge for madrasah.

48 Z.makhsyari Dhofier

Zamakhsyari Dhofier

Peran Pesantren dalam

Penyebarluasan Pendidikan Dasar

di Indonesia

Abstraksi: Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan Islam yang khas

Indonesia. Setelah berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan Islam modern, sekarang pesantran merangkum peran-peran pendidikan Islam: pendidikan yang mengunakan metode Barat dan sistem pendidikan nasional.

Sebelum tahun 1989, terdapat dualisme dalam sistem pendidikan

nasional. Lembaga pendidikan umum modern yang mengadopsi pendidikan Barat dalam bidang ilmu dan teknologi berada di bawah Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (DEPDIKBUD), sementara lembaga pendidikan agama, termasuk pesantren, berada di bawah Departemen Agama (DEPAG). Namun sejak dini sekali sudah mulai dipikirkan langkah-langkah untuk mengkompromikan dua pola lembaga pendidikan ini.

Sejak awal pemerintah memang sudah melihat pesantren telah memainkan peran positif dalam meningkatkan kualitas spiritual dan intelektual bangsa. Akan tetapi, karena beberapa kelemahan, pemerintah berusaha mengembangkan dan meningkatkan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang sebenarnya sudahmembenahi diri jauh sebelum

Indonesia merdeka; memasukkan pendidikan formal-klasikal,

memberi kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan, dan memasukkan mata pelajaran sekular. Segera setelah merdeka, pemerintah mendirikan madrasah modern danmemasukkan sistem madrasah itu ke dalam pesantren. Untuk mempercepat modernisasi pesantren itu,

SKB Tiga Menteri dikeluarkan pada bulan Maret 1975.

Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 49

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50 Zamakhsyari Dhofier

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Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 51

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Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 57

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58 Zamakhsyari Dhofier

Dawr al-Mu 'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 59

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u-i

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. ｾ｟Ｃｉ＠ V"'_;I..UI ｾ＠

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V"'_;I..UI ＢＢＢＧｾｈＮＭｉ＠ I

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ｾｖｯ＠ V"'_;L.o ｾ＠ ｾ＠ JL.A;I ｾ＠ .l_;j)l. ｾｹＮ＠

Surat Keputusan Bersama Tiga Menteri ｴＢＢｾ＠

ｾ＠ ｾｾ＠ _;l_,...i ｾｾ＠ ｾｊ＠ (SKB Tiga Menteri) Jl 11

c_A

ＭＮ［ｉｾ＠ ｾｊｾｉ＠ ｾｉ＠ j.4;JJ . ｾｌａｾｾ＠ ;J')WI.I_;j)l

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ｾｾｬＮＮＮＮＮ＠ ｾＮＮｌＦＮ＠ ｊＮｩｴｾ＠ ｾ＠ ｾｉ｟［ｊＮｬｬ＠ ｾｬＮＺＮｯ＠ ｾ＠ ｌ＾ｾｬ＠ j.>JJ ｾｊｉ＠ ( 4WI

V"'_;I..UI

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J". · · ;

. ｾｗｉ＠ ｾＱＮＬＱＱ＠ ｾ＠ ｾＧＩｌＮＮＮｾｉ＠

ｾ｟｟ＬＮＮＮＺＱＱ＠ i_;lj__,...j . ｊｌＮａＮ［ｾｉ＠ I.JJ. ｾ＠ J+..-.ll ｾｾｾＭＮ［ｉ＠ t-ii)IJ

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60 Zamakhsyari Dhofier

ｾＮＮＬＮＮＭＮｊｉ＠ i)j) ｾｌＺｊｉ＠ ｾｾｾｾｬｬＮｦＢＩＮｕｉ＠ ｾｉ｛Ｎｾ＠ ｾＮｕｉ＠ ｾｉ＠ _r.J_,..;J

.l:..o J

w

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. ;....,Ul.l ｾＧＩｌＬｾｉｉＮｦＢＩＮＮｷＮｊ＠ ｾｾｾｉＡＮＩ＠ ｌＭｾＮＮ＾Ｑ＠ i''V'

ｾ＠ JUJ:,)U ｵＭｯｩＮ［ｊｾｉ＠ ｾｉ＠ illa.i L.,PI ｾ｟ＬＮｪ＠

r'

,,\!.

Jotl..o ｾＭＭＧ＠

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I)U , L..;,_,..ij _{ｾＧＩｌＮ＠}

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Daiur al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 61

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. ulWI ｾ＠ ｾ［［｟＠ "il uL-....;11

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. 4il....LJ

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62 Zamakhsyari Dhofier

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Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 65

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Dawr al-Mu 'assasat al- Tarbawiyyah 67

J.F.G. Brumund, Het Volkonderwijs onder de Javanen Batavia _ _)i.il( ')

ｙｾＭＡＮ＠ .::,l-i...:all ｾＧｩＮｊ＠ , 1857

ｾｗＧ＠ )i.il , ｾｾｉ＠ y')L.'i14..rJlt ｾ＠

L..:.i

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ｾｉ＠ , ＧｾｾＧ＠ , ｬｊＩＧｾＮｌｐＳｅｓ＠ ｾ＠ Ｎ［ＮＩｾＱ＠ Traditional Pesantren: .i...Ul-1 J.A. Vander Chijs, Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van het lnlandsch : . _)i.il ( r)

Onderwijs in Nederlands-lndie in "Tijd rscrift voor lndische taal- , Land -en

Volken-. rYr - Y' Y

ｾ＠

,

'!.

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kunde"

:_)i.il(!.) L.W.C. van der Berg, De Mohammedaansche Geesttelijkheid en de

Geest-elijke Goerderen op Java en Madura in "Tijdschrift voor taal - Land-en !. "\ - ' ｾ＠ , Y V

..L4J I

Volkenkunde" Harry J. Benda , "The Cresent and the Rising Sun : Indonesia n Islam Under ( 0 )

The Japanese Occupation of Java 1942-1945 , M. van Hoeve Ltd.

ｾｉ＠ )i.il Sartono Kartodirjo, " The Peasant's Revolt of Banten in 1888 : Its

Conditions, Course and Sequel, A case Study of Movement in Indonesia" . The Hague: Nederlansche Booken Steen - drukkerij v/h Smith,1966

_ ＨＧｯｶｾＩ＠ " ' ' Harry J. Benda, The Crescent ... YV ｾ＠ ( "\)

G. Mact. Kahin, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell Uni- ( V)

versity Press, ｬｴｨ｡｣ｾＮ＠ New York 1961, Pg. 61

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